JP 3-16, Multinational Operations - Defense Technical Information ...

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Executive Summary Unified Action In a multinational environment, unified action synchronizes, coordinates, and/or integrates multinational operations with the operations of other HN and national government agencies, IGOs (e.g., UN), nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and the private sector in an attempt to achieve unity of effort in the operational area (OA). When working with NATO forces, it can also be referred to as a comprehensive approach. Multinational Force and Multinational Force Commander Overview of Multinational Command Structures MNFC is a generic term applied to a commander who exercises command authority over a military force composed of elements from two or more nations. The extent of the MNFC’s command authority is determined by the participating nations or elements. The MNFC’s primary duty is to unify the efforts of the MNF toward common objectives. The basic structures for multinational operations fall into one of three types: integrated, lead nation (LN), or parallel command. A good example of an integrated command structure is found in NATO where a strategic commander is designated from a member nation, but the strategic command staff and the commanders and staffs of subordinate commands are of multinational makeup. An LN structure exists when all member nations place their forces under the control of one nation. The LN command structure can be distinguished by a dominant LN command and staff arrangement with subordinate elements retaining strict national integrity. Under a parallel command structure, no single force commander is designated. The coalition leadership must develop a means for coordination among the participants to attain unity of effort. This can be accomplished through the use of coordination centers. Multinational Coordination There are two key structural enhancements that should improve the coordination of MNFs: a liaison network and coordination centers. During multinational operations, US forces should establish liaison early with forces of each nation, fostering a better understanding of mission and tactics, facilitating the ability to integrate and synchronize operations, assisting in the transfer of vital information, enhancing mutual trust, and developing an increased level of teamwork. Another means of increasing MNF coordination is the use of a multinational coordination center. It is a proven means of integrating the participating nations’ military forces into the multinational planning xi
Executive Summary and operations processes, enhancing coordination and cooperation, and supporting an open and full interaction within the MNF structure. Control of Multinational Operations Interorganizational Coordination The degree of control exercised in an MNF is dictated by the MNF structure and the command relationships between members of the MNF. In general, the more centralized the command structure, the greater the MNF’s ability to achieve unity of effort. In many operating environments, the MNF interacts with a variety of entities requiring unified actions by the MNFC, including nonmilitary governmental departments and agencies, IGOs, and NGOs. Civil affairs or NATO civilmilitary cooperation forces enhance interorganizational coordination through the establishment of a civil-military operations center. Planning and Execution Considerations Diplomatic and Military Considerations Building and Maintaining a Multinational Force Mission Analysis and Assignment of Tasks Any number of different situations could generate the need for a multinational response, from man-made actions (such as interstate aggression) to natural disasters (like an earthquake). In responding to such situations, nations weigh their national interests and then determine if, when, and where they will expend their nation’s resources. Nations also choose the manner and extent of their foreign involvement for reasons both known and unknown to other nations. The composition of an MNF may change as partners enter and leave when their respective national objectives change or force contributions reach the limits of their nation’s ability to sustain them. Building an MNF starts with the political decisions and diplomatic efforts to create a coalition or spur an alliance into action. Discussion and coordination between potential participants will initially seek to sort out basic questions at the national strategic level. The result of these discussions should determine the nature and limits of the response; the command structure of the response force; and the essential strategic guidance for the response force to include military objectives and the desired end states. Before the multinational task force (MNTF) staff can develop proposed courses of action, the MNFC must conduct an estimate of the situation. This will allow the MNFC to analyze, in an organized manner, the many xii JP 3-16
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Chapter III UNITED STATES CENTRAL C
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Chapter III guidance to subordinate
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Chapter III common language. The us
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Planning and Execution Consideratio
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APPENDIX A PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS
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Planning Considerations _____ _____
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Planning Considerations _____ _____
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1. Overview APPENDIX B MULTINATIONA
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APPENDIX C MULTINATIONAL INTEROPERA
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APPENDIX D REFERENCES The developme
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References k. CJCSI 6711.01B, Excha
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APPENDIX E ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTI
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GLOSSARY PART I—ABBREVIATIONS AND
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Glossary MNFMCC MNFSOCC MNTF MOA MO
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PART II—TERMS AND DEFINITIONS civ
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JOINT DOCTRINE PUBLICATIONS HIERARC
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