JP 3-16, Multinational Operations - Defense Technical Information ...

Planning and Execution Considerations
(b) The multinational IO plan should directly and demonstrably support the
objectives of the MNFC. This is particularly important when joint force planners are
attempting to acquaint a non-US MNFC with the advantages of IO as a part of military
strategy.
(c) The subordinate JFC may undertake planning and execution of independent
IO in support of multinational objectives.
See CJCSI 6510.01, Information Assurance (IA) and Support to Computer Network Defense
(CND).
(4) Military information support operations (MISO) provides the commander with
the ability to convey selected information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence
their emotions, motives, objective reasoning, and ultimately the behavior of foreign
governments, organizations, groups, and individuals. The purpose of MISO is to induce or
reinforce foreign attitudes and behavior favorable to the originator’s objectives. MISO
should be incorporated into all multinational operations. The MNFC should ensure that all
MISO, regardless of national origin, are coordinated. MISO planning must begin early,
preferably before deployment, to prepare a population for the arrival of MNFs and develop
communication channels that can be used from day one of the operation. A detailed analysis
of a country’s culture, political climate, and military organization can help the MNFC to
effectively apply MISO to communicate policy, provide information, and persuade groups to
cooperate with friendly forces. US MISO are approved in US channels regardless of the
composition of the MNF chain of command. Many NATO and Partnership for Peace nations
still use the term psychological operations.
See JP 3-13.2, Military Information Support Operations, for additional information.
f. Cyberspace Operations
(1) Cyberspace is a global domain within the information environment consisting
of the interdependent network of information technology infrastructures and resident data,
including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, space-based
resources, and embedded processors and controllers. Cyberspace uses electronics and the
electromagnetic spectrum to create, store, modify, and exchange data via networked systems.
Cyberspace operations is the employment of cyberspace capabilities where the primary
purpose is to achieve objectives in or through cyberspace.
(2) Nations’ understanding of the role of cyberspace in military operations
continues to evolve. Operating capabilities, philosophies, and national limitations on
cyberspace activities in support of military operations are changing at a tempo that affects
ongoing MNF operations as well as the planning of potential future ones. Mutually
beneficial national interests usually govern a contributing nation’s involvement in MNF
cyberspace operations. The level of multinational network and other cyberspace operations
integration is directly influenced by the partnerships or agreements made with contributing
nations.
III-31