principles and applications of microearthquake networks

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242 Refererices Gerver, M., and Markushevich, V. (1966). Determination of a seismic wave velocity from the travel-time curve. Geopkys. J. R. Asrron. SOC. 11, 165-173. Gerver, M., and Markushevich, V. (1967). On the characteristic properties of travel-time curves. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Snc. 13. 241-246. Gill, P. E., and Murray, W. (1978). Algorithms for the solution of the nonlinear least-squares problem. SZAM J. Numer. And. 15, 977-992. Gill. P. E., Murray, W., and Wright, M. H. (1981). "Practical Optimization." Academic Press, London. Gilpin, B., and Lee, T. C. (1978). A microearthquake study in the Salton Sea geothermal area, California. Bull. Seismol. SOC. Am. 68, 441-450. Golub, G. H., and Reinsch, C. (1970). Singular value decomposition and least squares solutions. Numer. Math. 14, 403-420. Gough, D. I., and Gough, W. I. (1970). Load-induced earthquakes at Lake Kariba. 2. Geophys. J. R. Astrori. Soc. 21, 79-101. Green, R. (1973). A portable multi-channel seismic recorder and a data processing system. Bull. Sri.rmol. Soc. Am. 63, 423-431. Green, R. W. E., and Bloch, S. (1971). The Ceres, South Africa, earthquake of September 29. 1969. Part I. Report on some aftershocks. Bull. Seismol. SOC. Am. 61, 851-859. Griscom, M., and Arabasz, W. J. (1979). Local magnitude (Md in the Wasatch Front and Utah region: Wood-Anderson calibration, coda duration estimates of M,, and M, versus mb. In "Earthquake Studies in Utah 1850 to 1978" (W. J. Arabasz, R. B. Smith, and W. D. Richins, eds.), pp. 433-443, University of Utah. Guha, S. K., Gosavi, P. D., Padale, J. G., and Marwadi, S. C. (1971). An earthquake cluster at Koyna. Buli. Seisrnol. Soc. Am. 61. 297-315. Guha, S. K., Gosavi, P. D., Agarwal, B. N. P., Padale. J. G., and Marwadi, S. C. (1974). Case histories of some artificial crustal disturbances. Eng. Geol. (Amsterdam) 8, 59-77. Gumper, F. J., and Scholz, C. H. (1971). Microseismicity and tectonics of the Nevada seismic zone. BitlI. Seismol. Sor. Am. 61, 1413-1432. Gupta, H. K., and Rastogi, B. K. (1976). "Dams and Earthquakes." Elsevier, Amsterdam. Gutenberg, B. (1945a). Amplitudes of surface waves and magnitudes of shallow earthquakes. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 35, 3-12. Gutenberg, €3. (194Sb). Amplitudes of P, PP, and S and magnitude of shallow earthquakes. Bull. Seismol. SOC. Am. 35, 57-69. Gutenberg, B. ( 1945~). Magnitude determination for deep focus earthquakes. Bull. Seisrnol. SOC. Am. 35, 117-130. Gutenberg. B., and Richter, C. F. (1941). Seismicity of the Earth. Geol. SOC. Am., Spec. PUP. 34, 1-133. Gutenberg, B., and Richter, C. F. (1956). Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy. and acceleration (second paper). Bull. Seisnzol. SOC. Am. 46, 105- 145. Hadley, D., and Combs, J. (1974). Microearthquake distribution and mechanisms of faulting in the Fontana-San Bernardino area of southern California. Bitll. Seismol. SOC. Am. 64, 1477-1499. Hadley, D., and Kanamori, H. (1977). Seismic structure of the Transverse Ranges, California. (3rd. Snc. Am. Bdl. 88, 1469-1478. Haessler, H., Hoang-Trong, P., Schick, R., Schneider, G., and Strobach, K. (1980). The September 3, 1978, Swabian Jura earthquake. Tectonophvsics 68, 1- 14. Hagiwara, T. 1964). Brief description of the project proposed by the earthquake prediction research group of Japan. Proc. [J.S.-Jupan Conf Res. Relat. Earthquake Prediction Probl., 1964 pp. 10-12.
243 Hagiwarii. T., and Iwata. T. (1968). Summar), of the seismographic observation of Matsushiro swarm earthquakes. Hull. L-urtliqi((rLti Re.\. Itist., Unit.. Tokvo 46, 485-5 15. Hagiwara, T., and Ohtake, M. (1972). Seismic activity associated with the tilling of the reservoir behind the Kurobe Dam, Japan. 1963-1970. 7ec.tonoph~sit.s 15, 241-254. Hagiwara, T., Karakama, I., Kayano. 1.. and Kaminuma, K. (1963). Foreshocks. aftershocks and an earthquake swarm detected by the microearthquake observation. Brrll. Errrtliyiriikr Kes. Itist., LJriii*. To~~(J 41. 629-680. Hamada, K. (1968). Ultra microearthquakes in the area around Matsushiro. Hit//. tiirrhqtiriXi, Krv. /17st., [Inii.. 7oLyo 46, 771-318. Hamaguchi, H.. Hasegawa, A., and Kasahar-a. XI. ( 1970). Microearthquake activity excited by the Tokachi-Oki earthquake of 1968. J. S(>i.crnol. Sot,. Jqmrt 23, 72-XI (in Japane\e with English abstract). Hamaguchi, H., Watanabe, H., Takano, K.. Gumper, F. J., and Boucher. G. (1973). Microearthquake survey in northeastern Honshu. Japan. J. Phys. Errrrh 21. 1-18. Hamilton, R. M. (1967). Mean magnitude of an earthquake sequence. Bill/. Sei,sniol. SO(.. Am. 57, 1115-1116. Hamilton, R. M. (1970). Time-term analysis of explosion data from the vicinity of the Borrego Mountain. California, earthquake of 9 April 1968. Bull. Seisniol. Soc. Am. 60, 367-38 1. Hamilton, R. M. 1972). Aftershocks of the Borrego Mountain earthquake from April 12 to June 12, 1968. Geol. Sirri,. Prof. Pop. tU.S.) 787, 31-54. Hamilton, R. M.. and Healy, J. H. (1969). Aftershocks of the Benham nuclear explosion. Brill. Seismol. Sor. Am. 59. 2271-2281. Hamilton, R. M., and Muffler, L. J. P. ( 19721. Microearthquakes at The Geysers geothermal area, California. J. Gwphys. Nrs. 77, 2081-2086. Hamilton, R. M., Smith, B. E., Fischer. F. G.. and Papanek, P. J. (19711. Seismicity of the Pahute Mesa area, Nevada test site: 8 December 1968 through 31 December 1970. Geol. Sun.. Spec. Srud. (U.S.) 89. 1-170. Hamming, R. W. ( 1962). "Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineers." McGraw-Hill, New York. Hanks, T. C., and Kanamori, H. (1979). A moment-magnitude scale../. (I'rophys. Kcs. 84, 2348-2350. Hanks, T. C., and Thatcher, W. (1972). A graphical representation of seismic source parameters. J. Geophys. Res. 77, 4393-4405. Hanks, T. C., and Wyss, M. (1972). The use of body wave spectra in the determination of seismic source parameters. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 62, 56 1-589. Hanks, T. C., Jordan, T. H., and Minster, J. B. ( 1971). Precise locations ofaftershocks of the San Fernando earthquake-2300 (GMT) February 10-1700 February 11, 1971. Geol. Suni. Prof. Pap. (CIS.) 733, 21-23. Hardy, H. K., and Leighton, F. W., ed. ( 1977). "Proceedings, First Conference on Acoustic EmissioniMicroseismic Activity in Geologic Structures and Material." Trans Tech, Clausthal, Germany. Hardy, H. K., and Leighton, F. W., ed. ( 1980). "Proceedings, Second Conference on Acoustic EmissiodMicroseismic Activity in Geologic Structures and Materials." Trans Tech, Clausthal, Germany. Harjes, H. P., and Seidl, D. (1978). Digital recording and analysis of broad band seismic data at the Graefenberg (GRF) array. ./. Gophys. 44, 511-523. Hasegawa, A., Hasegawa, T., and Hori, S. ( 197.0. Premonitory variation in seismic velocity related to the southeastern Akita earthquake of 1970. J. Phys. Earth 23, 189-203.
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PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF MICR
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Contents FOREWORD PREFACE vii ix 1.
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Foreword Earthquakes occur over a c
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X PI-
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2 1 . It1 trodir ctivn of the earth
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frequency of occurrence N by (I .2)
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6 1. Introduction the initial P-ons
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8 1. Ititrodiictioti that changes i
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10 1. Introduction Fig. la. Schemat
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12 Fig. b. Map showing seismographi
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14 1. Introduction indicated the la
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~ 16 2. Ins trumeri tic t ion Syste
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18 2. Itistrirmeritation Systems In
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20 2. Ins trumeti ta tim S ys tems
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22 2. Ins tru inen ta t ion Systems
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24 2. Iris trumentrt tion Systems F
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26 2. Itistrutnetztntioti System 5H
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28 2. Instrumentntior? Systems Fig.
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30 2. Instrumentation Systems The o
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32 2. Instrumentation Systems other
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34 2. Instrumentation Systems 1 0 7
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a,No ak) ak) ak) TABLE I Seismic Sy
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38 2. Znstrumentution Systems FREQU
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40 2. Instrumentatiori Systems mome
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42 2. Ins tru rneti totion Sys tenz
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44 2. Instrumentation Systems magne
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3. Data Processing Procedures Micro
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48 3. Datu Processirig Procedures c
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50 3. Data Processitig Procedures c
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52 3. Data Processirig Procedures s
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54 3. Ihta Processing Procedures Se
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56 3. htcr Processirig Procedures w
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58 3. Data Processitig PrmedureLs i
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60 3. Datu Processirig Procedures f
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62 3. Data Processing Procedures Th
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64 3. Dutct Processing Procedures m
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66 3. Data Processing Procedures ch
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68 3. Dutu Processing Procedures an
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70 3. Data Processirig Procedures i
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72 3. Dnta Processing Procedures co
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74 3. Data Processing Procedures se
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4. Seismic Ray Tracing for Minimum
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78 4. Seismic Ray Tracing for Minim
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80 4. Seismic Ruy Trucing for Minim
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(1 84 4. Seismic Ray Tracing for Mi
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88 4. Seismic Ray Tracirig for Mini
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90 4. Seismic Ray Trucing .for Mini
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92 4. Seismic Ruy Tracing for Minim
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% 4. Seismic Ray Tracing for Minimu
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100 4. Seismic Ray Tracing for Mini
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106 5. Inversion and Optimization u
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108 5. Inversion and Optimization G
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110 5. Inversion and Optimization t
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112 5. Inversion and Optimization n
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114 5. Inversion and Optimization n
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116 5. Inversion and Optimization B
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118 5. In versiori nnd Optimization
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120 5. Iwersioti arid Optirnizntior
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122 5. Inversion and Optimization m
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124 5. Inversion and Optimization i
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126 5. Inversion criid Optimization
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128 5. Inversiori niid Optimization
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130 6. Methods of Data Analysk 6.1.
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132 6. Methods of Data Analysis We
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134 6. Methods of Data Analysis x*
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136 6. Methods oj Data Analysis It
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138 6. Methotls of Data Analysis te
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140 6. Methods of Data Analysis pur
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142 6. Methods of Data Analysis (a)
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144 6. Methods qf Dcrtcr Analysis N
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146 6. Methods of Dutcr Analysk imp
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148 6. Methods of Data Analysis sho
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150 6. Methods of Data Aizalysis tr
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152 6. Methods of Data Analysis (6.
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154 6. Methods of Data Analysis qua
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156 6. Methods of Datu Analysls mag
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158 6. Methods of Data Analysis 6.5
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160 6. Methods of Data Analysis (6.
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162 6. Methods of Data Analysis fro
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7. General Applications Data from m
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166 7. General Applications in ampl
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168 7. General Applications Rangely
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170 7. General Applications The inv
Page 213 and 214: 8.1. Seistnicit~ Pritterns 199 made
Page 215 and 216: 8.1. Seismicity Patterns 201 only p
Page 217 and 218: 8.1. Seismicit! Plitterrzs 203 betw
Page 219 and 220: Keilis-Borok et al. (1980b) suggest
Page 221 and 222: 8.1. Srismic.itJ Ptrtterns 207 of t
Page 223: 8.2. Temporal V'iricrtions of Seism
Page 229 and 230: 8.3. Temporiil Vuriiitiotis qf Otli
Page 231 and 232: 8.3. TemporuI Variations of Other S
Page 233 and 234: 8.3. Temporal Vcrridoris of‘ Othe
Page 235 and 236: 8.3. Totnportrl Vtrritrtiotis of' O
Page 237 and 238: 9. Discussion Microearthquake studi
Page 239 and 240: Automation usually does not reduce
Page 241 and 242: Glossar? of' A bbreiqiations 227 da
Page 243 and 244: Glossary of AbbrciTintions 229 said
Page 245 and 246: References Acton, F. S. (1970). "Nu
Page 247 and 248: References 23 3 Asada, T. ( 1957).
Page 249 and 250: Rtjfcrcric-es 235 travel-time chang
Page 251 and 252: Refererices 237 Cleary, J. R., Wrig
Page 253 and 254: References Eaton, J. P. (1976). Tes
Page 255: References 24 1 Francis, T. J. G.,
Page 259 and 260: R efereiices 245 Horner, R. B., Ste
Page 261 and 262: References 247 Kagan, Y. Y., and Kn
Page 263 and 264: Referetices 249 Kodama, K. P., and
Page 265 and 266: 25 1 Lin, M. T., Tsai, Y. B., and F
Page 267 and 268: References 253 Mikumo, T., Otsuka,
Page 269 and 270: R eferetices 255 Nordquist, J. M. (
Page 271 and 272: Re feret ices 257 F'rothero, W. A.
Page 273 and 274: 259 Sauber. J., and Talwani, P. (19
Page 275 and 276: References 26 1 Stephens, C. D., La
Page 277 and 278: Keferetices 263 Tsujiura, M. (1978)
Page 279 and 280: R ef ere1 ices croearthquake observ
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