principles and applications of microearthquake networks

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COPYRIG11 r @ 198 1, HY AChI)I:M IC PKIISS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODL'CED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OK BY .4NY hIEANS, ELECTRONIC OK SfECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRII-ING FROM 1HE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 111 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003 Wirited Kirigdorrr Editim published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOti CARD NUMBER: 65-26406 ISBN 0-1 2-01 8862-7 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 81 82 83 84 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents FOREWORD PREFACE vii ix 1. Introduction 1.1. Historical Development 1.2. Overview and Scope 1 9 2. Instrumentation Systems 2.1. General Considerations 2.2. The USGS Central California Microearthquake Network 2.3. Other Land-Based Microearthquake Systems 2.4. Ocean-Based Microearthquake Systems 15 23 39 41 3. Data Processing Procedures 3.1. Nature of Data Processing 3.2. Record Keeping 3.3. Event Detection 3.4. Event Processing 3.5. Computing Hypocenter Parameters 46 49 50 60 70 4. Seismic Ray Tracing for Minimum Time Path 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. Elastic Wave Propagation in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Media Derivation of the Ray Equation Numerical Solutions of the Ray Equation Computing Travel Time, Derivatives, and Take-Off Angle 76 78 82 89 V
Page 1 and 2: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF MICR
Page 3: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF MICR
Page 7: Foreword Earthquakes occur over a c
Page 10 and 11: X PI-
Page 13: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF MICR
Page 16 and 17: 2 1 . It1 trodir ctivn of the earth
Page 18 and 19: frequency of occurrence N by (I .2)
Page 20 and 21: 6 1. Introduction the initial P-ons
Page 22 and 23: 8 1. Ititrodiictioti that changes i
Page 24 and 25: 10 1. Introduction Fig. la. Schemat
Page 26 and 27: 12 Fig. b. Map showing seismographi
Page 28 and 29: 14 1. Introduction indicated the la
Page 30 and 31: ~ 16 2. Ins trumeri tic t ion Syste
Page 32 and 33: 18 2. Itistrirmeritation Systems In
Page 34 and 35: 20 2. Ins trumeti ta tim S ys tems
Page 36 and 37: 22 2. Ins tru inen ta t ion Systems
Page 38 and 39: 24 2. Iris trumentrt tion Systems F
Page 40 and 41: 26 2. Itistrutnetztntioti System 5H
Page 42 and 43: 28 2. Instrumentntior? Systems Fig.
Page 44 and 45: 30 2. Instrumentation Systems The o
Page 46 and 47: 32 2. Instrumentation Systems other
Page 48 and 49: 34 2. Instrumentation Systems 1 0 7
Page 50 and 51: a,No ak) ak) ak) TABLE I Seismic Sy
Page 52 and 53: 38 2. Znstrumentution Systems FREQU
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40 2. Instrumentatiori Systems mome
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42 2. Ins tru rneti totion Sys tenz
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44 2. Instrumentation Systems magne
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3. Data Processing Procedures Micro
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48 3. Datu Processirig Procedures c
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50 3. Data Processitig Procedures c
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52 3. Data Processirig Procedures s
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54 3. Ihta Processing Procedures Se
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56 3. htcr Processirig Procedures w
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58 3. Data Processitig PrmedureLs i
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60 3. Datu Processirig Procedures f
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62 3. Data Processing Procedures Th
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64 3. Dutct Processing Procedures m
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66 3. Data Processing Procedures ch
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68 3. Dutu Processing Procedures an
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70 3. Data Processirig Procedures i
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72 3. Dnta Processing Procedures co
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74 3. Data Processing Procedures se
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4. Seismic Ray Tracing for Minimum
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78 4. Seismic Ray Tracing for Minim
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80 4. Seismic Ruy Trucing for Minim
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(1 84 4. Seismic Ray Tracing for Mi
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88 4. Seismic Ray Tracirig for Mini
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90 4. Seismic Ray Trucing .for Mini
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92 4. Seismic Ruy Tracing for Minim
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% 4. Seismic Ray Tracing for Minimu
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100 4. Seismic Ray Tracing for Mini
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106 5. Inversion and Optimization u
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108 5. Inversion and Optimization G
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110 5. Inversion and Optimization t
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112 5. Inversion and Optimization n
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114 5. Inversion and Optimization n
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116 5. Inversion and Optimization B
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118 5. In versiori nnd Optimization
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120 5. Iwersioti arid Optirnizntior
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122 5. Inversion and Optimization m
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124 5. Inversion and Optimization i
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126 5. Inversion criid Optimization
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128 5. Inversiori niid Optimization
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130 6. Methods of Data Analysk 6.1.
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132 6. Methods of Data Analysis We
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134 6. Methods of Data Analysis x*
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136 6. Methods oj Data Analysis It
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138 6. Methotls of Data Analysis te
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140 6. Methods of Data Analysis pur
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142 6. Methods of Data Analysis (a)
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144 6. Methods qf Dcrtcr Analysis N
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146 6. Methods of Dutcr Analysk imp
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148 6. Methods of Data Analysis sho
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150 6. Methods of Data Aizalysis tr
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152 6. Methods of Data Analysis (6.
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154 6. Methods of Data Analysis qua
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156 6. Methods of Datu Analysls mag
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158 6. Methods of Data Analysis 6.5
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160 6. Methods of Data Analysis (6.
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162 6. Methods of Data Analysis fro
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7. General Applications Data from m
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166 7. General Applications in ampl
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168 7. General Applications Rangely
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170 7. General Applications The inv
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8.1. Seistnicit~ Pritterns 199 made
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8.1. Seismicity Patterns 201 only p
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8.1. Seismicit! Plitterrzs 203 betw
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Keilis-Borok et al. (1980b) suggest
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8.1. Srismic.itJ Ptrtterns 207 of t
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8.2. Temporal V'iricrtions of Seism
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8.3. Temporiil Vuriiitiotis qf Otli
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8.3. TemporuI Variations of Other S
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8.3. Temporal Vcrridoris of‘ Othe
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8.3. Totnportrl Vtrritrtiotis of' O
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9. Discussion Microearthquake studi
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Automation usually does not reduce
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Glossar? of' A bbreiqiations 227 da
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Glossary of AbbrciTintions 229 said
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References Acton, F. S. (1970). "Nu
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References 23 3 Asada, T. ( 1957).
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Rtjfcrcric-es 235 travel-time chang
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Refererices 237 Cleary, J. R., Wrig
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References Eaton, J. P. (1976). Tes
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References 24 1 Francis, T. J. G.,
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243 Hagiwarii. T., and Iwata. T. (1
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R efereiices 245 Horner, R. B., Ste
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References 247 Kagan, Y. Y., and Kn
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Referetices 249 Kodama, K. P., and
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25 1 Lin, M. T., Tsai, Y. B., and F
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References 253 Mikumo, T., Otsuka,
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R eferetices 255 Nordquist, J. M. (
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Re feret ices 257 F'rothero, W. A.
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259 Sauber. J., and Talwani, P. (19
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References 26 1 Stephens, C. D., La
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Keferetices 263 Tsujiura, M. (1978)
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R ef ere1 ices croearthquake observ
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