principles and applications of microearthquake networks

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lyer, H. M., and Hitchcock, T. (1976bl. Seismic noise survey in Long Valley, California. J. Geophys. Res. 81, 821-840. Iyer, H. M., and Stewart, R. M. (1977). Teleseismic technique to locate magma in the crust and upper mantle. Bull.-Oreg.. Dep. Grol. Llirier. Ind. 96, 281-299. lyer. H. M., Oppenheimer, D. H., and Hitchcock. T. (1979). Abnormal P-wave delays in the Geyser-Clear Lake geothermal area. Scirticr 204, 495-497. Iyer, H. M.. Evans, J. R., Zandt. G.. Stewart. R. M., Coakley, J. M., and Roloff, J. N. (198 1 ). A deep magma body under the Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming: Delineation using teleseismic P-wave residuals and tectonic interpretation. Geol. So(,. Am. Bdl. 92, 792-798, and 1471 -1646. Jackson. D. D. (1972). Interpretation of inaccurate. insufficient and inconsistent data. Geopliys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 28. 97-109. Jackson, P. L. (1970). Digital simulation of 5eismic rays. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Jacob, K. H. (1970). Three-dimensional seismic ray tracing in a laterally heterogenous spherical earth. J. (;ropli~.s. Rcr. 7S, 6675-6689. Jensen, E. G. ( 1976a). OES compensation and timing multiplexer. Geol. Sirr.1.. Oprri-File Rep. (U.S.) 76-385, 1-10, Jensen, E. G. (1976b). Automatic gain control system for telemetry. Grol. Slrri.. Operr-File Rep7. (C’.S.) 76-820, 1-9. Jensen, E. G. (1977). Crystal VCO center frequency stabilizer. Grol. Sitr~.. Opcv-Filr Kcp. (U.S.) 77-184, 1-9. Johnson, C. E. (1979). I. CEDAR: An approach to the computer automation of short-period local seismic networks. 11. Seismotectonics of the lmperial Valley of southern California. Ph.D. Thesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena. Johnson, C. E.. and Hadley, D. M. (1976). Tectonic implications of the Brawley earthquake swarm, Imperial Valley, California. January 1975. Bull. Srismol. Soc. Am. 66, 1133- 1144. Johnson, C. E., and Hutton, L. K. (1981). The 15 October, 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake: A study of aftershocks and prior seismicity. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. (U.S.)(in press). Johnson, L. R., and McEvilly, T. V. (1974). Near-field observations and source parameters of central California earthquakes. Hirll. S~istmd. Soc. Am. 64, 1855-1886. Johnson, S. H., and Jones, P. R. (1978). Microearthquakes located on the Blanco fracture zone with sonobuoy arrays, J. Geop1iy.1. Res. 83. 255-261. Johnson, T. L., Madrid, J., and Koczynski, T. ( 1976). A study of microseismicity in northern Baja California, Mexico. Biill. Sri.\irrol. So(.. Am. 66. 1921-1929. Johnston, A. C. (1978). Localized compressional velocity decrease precursory to the Kalapana, Hawaii, earthquake. Scitv7(.~ 199, 882-885. Jones. L. M., and Molnar, P. (1979). Some characteristics of foreshocks and their possible relationship to earthquake prediction and premonitory slip on faults. J . Geophys. Rrs. 84. 3596-3608. Jones, P. R., and Johnson, S. H. (1978). Sonobuoy array measurements of active faulting on the Gorda Ridge. .1. Cmphy.y. Rrs. 83, 3435-3440. Julian, B. R. (1970).“Ray Tracing in Arbitrarily Heterogeneous Media,’’ Tech. Note 1970- 45. Lincoln Lab., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. Julian. B. R., and Gubbins, D. ( 1977). Three-dimensional seismic ray tracing. J. Geophys. 43. 95-1 13. Jupp. D. L. B., and Vozoff, K. (1975). Stable iterative methods for the inversion ofgeophysical data. Geophys. J. R. Astrori. Soc. 42, 957-976.
References 247 Kagan, Y. Y., and Knopoff’, L. (1980). Spatial distribution of earthquakes: the two-point correlation function. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 62, 303-320. Kakimi, T., and Hasegawa, I. (1977). Observations of changes in seismic wave velocity in south Kanto district, south of Tokyo. by the explosion seismic method. J. P1iy.s. Etrrtlr 295, 105-1 13. Kaminuma, K. ( 1971). Microearthquakes observed at Syowa Station, Antarctica. Jirptrnrst. Antnrctic Expedition Rep. 40, 65-73 (in Japanese with English abstract). Kaminuma, K. (1976). Seismicity in Antarctica. J . Phys. E~rfh 24, 381-395. Kaminuma, K., Tsumura, K., Matumoto, H.. and Karakama, I. (1970). Microseismic observation at Kobugahara, Tochigi prefecture-aftershock observations of the earthquake, August 13, 1969. Birll. EurthqiraXc Rcs. ltist,, Unii,. Tokyo 48, 53-63 (in Japanese with English abstract). Kanarnori, H. (1967). Upper mantle structure from apparent velocities of P waves recorded at Wakayama Microearthquake Observatory. Birll. Earthqirakc Rcs. Inst., Uniii. Tokyo 45, 657-678. Kanamori, H. (1977). The energy release in great earthquakes. J. GeopIiys. Res. 82, 2981- 2987. Kanamori, H. ( 197Xa). Nature of seismic gap5 and foreshocks. Geol. Sirrr,. Upen-Filr Rep. (U.S.) 78-913, 319-334. Kanamori, H. ( 197%). Quantification of earthquakes. “Viture (London) 271, 41 1-414. Kanamori, H., and Anderson, D. L. ( 1975). Theoretical basis of some empirical relations in seismology. Rirll. Sei.vmol. Soc. Am. 65, 1073-1099. Kanamori, H., and Chung, W. Y. (1974). Temporal changes in P wave velocity in southern California. Tectonophysics 23, 67-78. Kanamori, H., and Fuis, G. (1976). Variation of P wave velocity before and after the Calway Lake earthquake (ML = 5.2) and the Goat Mountain earthquakes (ML = 4.7, 4.7) in the Mojave Desert, California. Bull. Scisniol. Soc. Am. 66, 2017-2037. Kanamori, H., and Hadley, D. (1979. Crustal structure and temporal velocity change in southern California. Pure Appl. .Gmp/iy\. 113, 257-280. Kanasewich, E. R., Alpaslan. T., and Hron. F. 1973). The importance of S-wave precursors in shear-wave studies. Bull. Seisrnol. Soc. Am. 63, 2 167-2176. Karakama, I., Tsumura, K., Takahashi, M.. Ogino, I.. and Sakai, K. (1974). Observation of the aftershocks of the Tzu-Hanto-oki earthquake of 1974: Preliminary report of observations at Shinokamo, Matsuzaki & Okuno in the Izu Peninsula. Bull. Eurthqirrike Re&. lasr., Uniil. Tokyo 14. 55-67 (in Japanese with English abstract). Karal, F. C., and Keller. J. B. (1959). Elastic wave propagation in homogeneous and inhomogeneous media. J. Acairst. So(.. Am. 31, 694-705. Kasahara, J., Koresawa, S., Tsumura, K., Nagumo, S.. and Nakamura, I. (1973a). Aftershock observation of the earthquake of February 29, 1972 in the east off Hachijo-jima. J. Seismol. Soc. Jopnn. 26, 305-315 (in Japanese with English abstract). Kasahara, J., Koresawa, S., Nakamura, I., Tsumura, K., and Nagumo, S. (1973b). Foreshocks and aftershocks of an earthquake east of Hachijo-$ma, December 4, 1972. J. Seisrnol. Soc.. Japan. 26, 326-335 (in Japanese with English abstract). Kasahara, K. (196.7). Computer program for a fault-plane solution. Birll. Seisrnol. SOL.. Am. 53, 1-13. Kasper, J., and Hutchinson, C. (1979). Omega: Global navigation by VLF fix. IEEE Spcctrrrrn 16 (C), 99-63. Kayano, I. ( 1968). Determination of origin times, epicenters and focal depths of aftershocks of the Niigata earthquake of June 16, 1964: A preliminary report of the cooperative
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PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF MICR
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Contents FOREWORD PREFACE vii ix 1.
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Foreword Earthquakes occur over a c
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X PI-
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2 1 . It1 trodir ctivn of the earth
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frequency of occurrence N by (I .2)
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6 1. Introduction the initial P-ons
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8 1. Ititrodiictioti that changes i
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10 1. Introduction Fig. la. Schemat
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12 Fig. b. Map showing seismographi
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14 1. Introduction indicated the la
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~ 16 2. Ins trumeri tic t ion Syste
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18 2. Itistrirmeritation Systems In
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20 2. Ins trumeti ta tim S ys tems
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22 2. Ins tru inen ta t ion Systems
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24 2. Iris trumentrt tion Systems F
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26 2. Itistrutnetztntioti System 5H
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28 2. Instrumentntior? Systems Fig.
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30 2. Instrumentation Systems The o
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32 2. Instrumentation Systems other
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34 2. Instrumentation Systems 1 0 7
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a,No ak) ak) ak) TABLE I Seismic Sy
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38 2. Znstrumentution Systems FREQU
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40 2. Instrumentatiori Systems mome
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42 2. Ins tru rneti totion Sys tenz
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44 2. Instrumentation Systems magne
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3. Data Processing Procedures Micro
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48 3. Datu Processirig Procedures c
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50 3. Data Processitig Procedures c
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52 3. Data Processirig Procedures s
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54 3. Ihta Processing Procedures Se
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56 3. htcr Processirig Procedures w
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58 3. Data Processitig PrmedureLs i
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60 3. Datu Processirig Procedures f
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62 3. Data Processing Procedures Th
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64 3. Dutct Processing Procedures m
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66 3. Data Processing Procedures ch
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68 3. Dutu Processing Procedures an
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70 3. Data Processirig Procedures i
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72 3. Dnta Processing Procedures co
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74 3. Data Processing Procedures se
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4. Seismic Ray Tracing for Minimum
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78 4. Seismic Ray Tracing for Minim
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80 4. Seismic Ruy Trucing for Minim
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(1 84 4. Seismic Ray Tracing for Mi
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88 4. Seismic Ray Tracirig for Mini
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90 4. Seismic Ray Trucing .for Mini
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92 4. Seismic Ruy Tracing for Minim
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% 4. Seismic Ray Tracing for Minimu
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100 4. Seismic Ray Tracing for Mini
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106 5. Inversion and Optimization u
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108 5. Inversion and Optimization G
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110 5. Inversion and Optimization t
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112 5. Inversion and Optimization n
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114 5. Inversion and Optimization n
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116 5. Inversion and Optimization B
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118 5. In versiori nnd Optimization
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120 5. Iwersioti arid Optirnizntior
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122 5. Inversion and Optimization m
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124 5. Inversion and Optimization i
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126 5. Inversion criid Optimization
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128 5. Inversiori niid Optimization
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130 6. Methods of Data Analysk 6.1.
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132 6. Methods of Data Analysis We
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134 6. Methods of Data Analysis x*
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136 6. Methods oj Data Analysis It
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138 6. Methotls of Data Analysis te
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140 6. Methods of Data Analysis pur
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142 6. Methods of Data Analysis (a)
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144 6. Methods qf Dcrtcr Analysis N
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146 6. Methods of Dutcr Analysk imp
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148 6. Methods of Data Analysis sho
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150 6. Methods of Data Aizalysis tr
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152 6. Methods of Data Analysis (6.
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154 6. Methods of Data Analysis qua
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156 6. Methods of Datu Analysls mag
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158 6. Methods of Data Analysis 6.5
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160 6. Methods of Data Analysis (6.
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162 6. Methods of Data Analysis fro
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7. General Applications Data from m
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166 7. General Applications in ampl
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168 7. General Applications Rangely
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170 7. General Applications The inv
Page 213 and 214: 8.1. Seistnicit~ Pritterns 199 made
Page 215 and 216: 8.1. Seismicity Patterns 201 only p
Page 217 and 218: 8.1. Seismicit! Plitterrzs 203 betw
Page 219 and 220: Keilis-Borok et al. (1980b) suggest
Page 221 and 222: 8.1. Srismic.itJ Ptrtterns 207 of t
Page 223: 8.2. Temporal V'iricrtions of Seism
Page 229 and 230: 8.3. Temporiil Vuriiitiotis qf Otli
Page 231 and 232: 8.3. TemporuI Variations of Other S
Page 233 and 234: 8.3. Temporal Vcrridoris of‘ Othe
Page 235 and 236: 8.3. Totnportrl Vtrritrtiotis of' O
Page 237 and 238: 9. Discussion Microearthquake studi
Page 239 and 240: Automation usually does not reduce
Page 241 and 242: Glossar? of' A bbreiqiations 227 da
Page 243 and 244: Glossary of AbbrciTintions 229 said
Page 245 and 246: References Acton, F. S. (1970). "Nu
Page 247 and 248: References 23 3 Asada, T. ( 1957).
Page 249 and 250: Rtjfcrcric-es 235 travel-time chang
Page 251 and 252: Refererices 237 Cleary, J. R., Wrig
Page 253 and 254: References Eaton, J. P. (1976). Tes
Page 255 and 256: References 24 1 Francis, T. J. G.,
Page 257 and 258: 243 Hagiwarii. T., and Iwata. T. (1
Page 259: R efereiices 245 Horner, R. B., Ste
Page 263 and 264: Referetices 249 Kodama, K. P., and
Page 265 and 266: 25 1 Lin, M. T., Tsai, Y. B., and F
Page 267 and 268: References 253 Mikumo, T., Otsuka,
Page 269 and 270: R eferetices 255 Nordquist, J. M. (
Page 271 and 272: Re feret ices 257 F'rothero, W. A.
Page 273 and 274: 259 Sauber. J., and Talwani, P. (19
Page 275 and 276: References 26 1 Stephens, C. D., La
Page 277 and 278: Keferetices 263 Tsujiura, M. (1978)
Page 279 and 280: R ef ere1 ices croearthquake observ
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