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Introduction Contents b) IPL Section Analysis and Recommendations regarding Court Orders Directed to Various Types of Intermediaries . . . . . . . . . . 27 (1) Financial Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 (2) Advertising Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 (3) Search Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 (4) DNS Registrars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 (5) Website Hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 (6) Internet Service Providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 (7) Shippers and Carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3. Remedies Directed Against Consumers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 IV. CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Chapter 3 Private Enforcement Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 I. SECTION POSITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 II. SECTION RESOLUTION: TF-07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 III. DISCUSSION: Private Enforcement Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 A. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 B. The Benefits of Allowing Private Rights of Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 C. Potential Targets for and Limitations on Private Rights of Action . . . . . . . . . . 48 D. Limitations on Court Orders against Intermediaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 IV. CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Chapter 4 Government Remedies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 I. SECTION POSITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 II. SECTION RESOLUTION: TF-08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 III. DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 A. Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 B. Government Agencies and Their Role . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 1. U.S. Customs and Border Patrol (“CBP”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 a) Involvement in Online Counterfeiting and Piracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 b) Agency Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 2. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 a) Involvement in Online Counterfeiting and Piracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 b) Agency Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 3. The National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center (“IPR Center”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 a) Involvement in Online Counterfeiting and Piracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 b) Agency Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4. ITC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 a) Involvement in Online Counterfeiting and Piracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 b) Agency Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 C. Attorney General’s Right of Action under COICA, PIPA, SOPA, and OPEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 v
Call for Action for Online Piracy and Counterfeiting Legislation 1. COCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 2. PIPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 3. SOPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4. OPEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 D. Public Reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 IV. CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Chapter 5 Voluntary Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 I. SECTION POSITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 II. SECTION RESOLUTION: TF-09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 III. DISCUSSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 A. Background: Voluntary Industry Initiatives to Combat Online Piracy and . . . 67 Counterfeiting (“Voluntary Action”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 B. Current Copyright and Trademark Legal Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 1. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 2. DMCA Requirements vs. Recent Voluntary Initiatives in the Copyright Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 3. No DMCA-type Legislation in the Trademark Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 C. Current and Proposed Voluntary Industry Initiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 1. Current Initiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 a) Online Infringement Complaint Forms and Processes . . . . . . . . . . 72 b) Restrictions on Internet Access and Hybrid Approaches . . . . . . . . 73 (1) Suspension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 (2) Traffic Shaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 (3) Content Identification, Blocking and Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 (4) Hybrid Approaches (Educational Initiatives) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 2. Voluntary Best Practices in the U.S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 a) Payment Processors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 b) Online Advertisers and Advertising Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 c) Advertisers and Ad Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 d) Mobile App Marketplaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 (1) Google Play . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 (2) Apple’s App Store . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 (3) Facebook’s App Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 (4) Amazon’s App Center for Android . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 (5) Safe Harbor Issue with App Takedowns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 e) Search Engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 f) Domain Registrars and Domain Proxy Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 g) Online Marketplaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 IV. CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 vi
Page 1 and 2: A Section White Paper: A Call for A
Page 3 and 4: The views expressed herein represen
Page 5: Call for Action for Online Piracy a
Page 10 and 11: INTRODUCTION: BALANCING THE INTERES
Page 12 and 13: Introduction found in national laws
Page 14 and 15: Introduction There are also many si
Page 16: Introduction 12. “Medicines: spur
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1 adjudication of extra-ter
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1 law and the broadest pote
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 2 CIVIL REMEDIES I. SECTION
Page 26 and 27: Civil Remedies By way of further cl
Page 28 and 29: Civil Remedies ad revenue, payment
Page 30 and 31: Civil Remedies Whether the Predator
Page 32 and 33: Civil Remedies Knowledge. The “kn
Page 34 and 35: Civil Remedies ISPs and web hosting
Page 36 and 37: Civil Remedies . . . . However, thi
Page 38 and 39: Civil Remedies trademark owner, Tif
Page 40 and 41: Civil Remedies Finally, the alterna
Page 42 and 43: Civil Remedies Legislative revision
Page 44 and 45: Civil Remedies Most intermediaries
Page 46 and 47: Civil Remedies of foreign sites who
Page 48 and 49: Civil Remedies the RIAA initiated l
Page 50 and 51: Civil Remedies employ DNSSEC, which
Page 52 and 53: Civil Remedies 25. See BAE Systems
Page 54 and 55: Civil Remedies 121, 134-35 (2d Cir.
Page 56 and 57:
Civil Remedies 84. Id. at 1169. 85.
Page 58 and 59:
Civil Remedies 124. Id. at 5. 125.
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Civil Remedies at *10-*11, *24-*25
Page 62 and 63:
Civil Remedies 188. A technical ove
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Chapter 3 PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT ACTIO
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Private Enforcement Actions labeled
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Private Enforcement Actions interme
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Chapter 4 the Civil Remedies chapte
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Chapter 4 These complaints, while b
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Chapter 4 The Act would not have es
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Chapter 4 Evoking by far the most i
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Chapter 4 States Interests at Home
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Chapter 4 47. Combating Online Infr
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Chapter 5 VOLUNTARY ACTION I. SECTI
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Voluntary Action it timely responde
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Voluntary Action Content owners may
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Voluntary Action various ISPs and m
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Voluntary Action Partnerships, such
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Voluntary Action (1) Google Play Fo
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Voluntary Action Other registrars,
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Voluntary Action Notes 1. Preventin
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Voluntary Action websites. eBay rec
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Voluntary Action 80. See “What is
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Voluntary Action 116. See “Report
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Chapter 6 SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS Th
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Summary of Conclusions • Encourag
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Appendix summaries provided below o
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Appendix from the Senate bill. In m
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Appendix It appears that this bill
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Appendix b) Statements in Oppositio
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Appendix 4. Miscellaneous Provision
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Appendix As of December 15, 2011, a
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Appendix 106 C. Online Protection a
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Appendix • Finally, costs to proc
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Appendix plenty-criticism); see als
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Appendix 49. Art Brodsky, “Public
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About the ABA Section of Intellectu
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