UN Analysis Final.pdf - United Nations in Cambodia

Both young males and young females have a good understanding of sexual and reproductive
health and related infections. Youth interviewees learned about these issues from sex education
and awareness campaigns in schools, and from NGOs in their villages. They also received training
not only about sexual and reproductive health but also on HIV. The youths’ other sources of
information on sexual and reproductive health are television, village information boards, village peer
educators (where there are such programmes) and community libraries.
Tobacco use. Overall, 7.3 per cent of Cambodian youths aged 15-24 were current smokers (13.6
per cent males and 0.8 per cent females). Moreover, rural youths smoke more than those who
live in cities. The proportion of youths consuming tobacco was found to be highest in Ratanakiri,
at 34 per cent.
Smoking increases with age. The prevalence of smoking among the 20-24 year olds was 12.5 per cent
(males 24.0 per cent; females 1.1 per cent).
In the are of alcohol use, out-of school youth were more likely to drink than in-school peers
(15.9 per cent and 12.1 per cent, respectively) (MoEYS 2004). Young people who consume alcohol
started on average at age 12. The 2004 Youth Risk Behaviour Survey (YRBS) also found that
45 per cent of young people in Ratanakiri and 40.9 per cent in Mondulkiri use alcohol. Young people
indicate that the factors that influence alcohol use include: new lifestyles and exposure to new
environments within society; peer pressure or the influence of their seniors; lack of family
encouragement or poor environment within the home (e.g., domestic violence, family members
seen as alcohol or drug users); and access to money among those who are economically better-off
(Mith Samlanh-Friends 2002).
The prevalence of drug use among Cambodian adolescents aged 11-18 was 0.9 per cent (1.6 per cent
and 0.3 per cent for males and females) (MoEYS 2004). Likewise, 2.2 per cent of urban youth and
0.5 per cent of the rural youth report using drugs. As with tobacco, drug use starts on average
at age 12; and 95 per cent of those reporting ever having used drugs, say that they did so in the
previous 12 months.
Injury as a serious health issue is underscored by the fact that among 15-to-17 year-olds it has
surpassed communicable and other non-communicable cause of death, to become the major
killer of young people (NIS/ NIPH 2008). Specifically, among 15-17 year–olds, suicide appears to be
the leading cause of death, while vehicle-related injury and death predominate among older youth.
d. Vulnerability
Large family size contributes to poverty (an issue more pronounced in rural than urban areas).
Cambodia has a high dependency ratio (89.6 per cent in rural areas, compared with 69.1 per cent
in urban areas), which has a depressing effect on per capita income. The number of elderly or
disabled people who are unable to work also raise the dependency ratio, which limits financial
capital for activities like education.
The mental health needs of youth often go undetected. As noted previously, the NIS/NIPH survey
(2008) observed suicide to be a leading cause of death among 15-17 year-olds. FGD findings suggest
that mental health issues stem from violence in the home, a perceived lack of caring from the family,
20 Situation Analysis of Youth in Cambodia