UN Analysis Final.pdf - United Nations in Cambodia

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3.2.3 NGO PROGRAMMES FOR YOUTH The national programme mapping by NGOs and international organisations (IOs) working on youth promotion and protection activities is of importance to policy planning and intervention. Although MoEYS has been designated by the RGC to establish a National Youth Programme, there has been slow progress toward its formulation as the Ministry lacks technical and financial resources. At the Inter-ministerial level, cooperation and collaboration remain uncertain. Youth employment is an issue of national consequence not only for its intrinsic importance but also because the lack of proper investment in youth schemes will prevent Cambodia from attaining its poverty reduction goals by 2015, as laid out in the targets of the CMDGs. The growing number of NGOs and IOs working in the area of youth development primarily compensates for the absence of a National Youth Programme. The present analysis mapped NGO and IO work drawing upon the Cooperation Committee for Cambodia’s inventory of all NGOs and IOs working on youth concerns. Difficulties were encountered, however, in defining the organizations’ programme provinces because of a lack of clarity regarding whether the reported initiatives were still being implemented. To produce an aggregated picture of all programmes focused on youth, a Principle Components Analysis was run on existing data on programmes by province and area of intervention. This analysis generated a resulting factor score index from which a concentration index of 0 to 1 was produced, (Appendix A/ Annex 3-5 for details). The index reflects the density and concentration of programmes by areas of intervention and by province. Figure 3-1 presents a concentration index map of youth programmes in the country. The major findings from the mapping of NGO and IO youth-related programmes were: NGO and IO programmes for youth tend to concentrate in areas that are easily accessible, with Kep, Stung Treng, Odar Meanchey, Mondulkiri, Ratanakiri, Sihanoukville, Svay Rieng, Pailin, Preah Vihear and Pursat receiving less support. This suggests that while infrastructure has improved throughout the country in the past few years, many NGOs and IOs have not expanded their reach. In the area of health (particularly sexual and reproductive health (SRH); HIV and AIDS and STI; primary healthcare and nutrition; and tobacco, alcohol and drug abuse), the least concentration of interventions occurs in Kep, Odar Meanchey, Stung Treng, Ratanakiri, Sihanoukville, Pailin, Kampong Chhnang, Mondulkiri, Svay Rieng, Preah Vihear, Kampot and Prey Veng. No NGOs or IOs work on SRH in Kep, Stung Treng, Sihanoukville and Kampong Chhnang. Efforts in SRH do not focus directly on youth. NGOs and IOs have invested resources in both preventative and curative care for those affected by HIV and AIDS and STI, to cover all provinces and towns in Cambodia. Programme concentration in this area has shown fruitful outcomes in the reduction of the incidence of HIV and STI by 2008. Most provinces and towns throughout the country also have primary healthcare and nutrition programmes or projects, except in Odar Meanchey, suggesting that this province could have been unintentionally overlooked by the NGOs and IOs. This mapping could help promote increased intervention from development partners for more equitable distribution of programme and project resources across provinces. 14 Directory of International Development Assistance in Cambodia 2005-06 and the Directory of Cambodian NGOs 2006-07 15 PPrinciple components analysis (PCA) is a tool of exploratory multivariate data analysis, especially when the intent is to gain an overview of and an insight into the relationships between a set of variables and evaluate units (e.g., programmes) with respect to those variables (The Sage Encyclopedia of Social Research Methods, volume 2, edited by Michael S. Lewis-Beck, Alan Bryman and Tim Futing Liao). 16 Appendix A/ Annex 3-6 also presents the resulting indices in tabular form and Annex 3 -7 presents this mapped out. 34 Situation Analysis of Youth in Cambodia
FIGURE 3-1. CONCENTRATION INDEX MAP OF YOUTH PROGRAMMES IN CAMBODIA Otdar Mean Chey Stueng Traeng Banteay Mean Chey Preah Vihear Siem Reab Rotanak Kiri Bat Dambang Krong Pailin Kampong Thum Kracheh Mondol Kiri Pousat Kampong Chhnang Kampong Cham Kaoh Kong Kampong Spueu Phnom Penh Prey Veaeng Kandal Svay Rieng Kampot Takaev Krong Preah Sihanouk Krong Kaeb Most concentration Good concentration Average Leas concentration Leas concentration Tobacco, alcohol and drug abuse programmes are also being covered by NGOs and IOs in provinces and towns throughout Cambodia. This is because these issues have recently been highly publicised by donors and other development partners. The six variables concerning education for youth examined in this study were vocational/skills training, non-formal education, scholarship/fellowship, primary education, secondary education and tertiary education. Kep, Odar Meanchey, Stung Treng, Svay Rieng, Preah Vihear, Mondulkiri, Ratanakiri, Pursat, Kampong Chhnang, Prey Veng and Koh Kong have a lower concentration of education programme interventions. This implies that these provinces and towns need more attention as a priority of future investment. NGO and IO education programmes focus on primary rather than lower or upper secondary education. NGOs and IOs work to support primary education in almost all provinces and towns, except in Kep and Stung Treng provinces. The mapping activity did not find any NGO or IOs supporting secondary and tertiary education. The highest dropout rate in Grades 1-6 is approximately 20 per cent (Koh Kong, Pursat, Ratanakiri, Pailin, Mondulkiri, Stung Treng, Preah Vihear, and Odar Meanchey). School retention and re-entry initiatives in these provinces, especially, need to be a priority if Cambodia is to reach its education-related MDGs. The lack of NGO and IO initiatives in a number of the areas in highest need is an issue that needs to be better understood and addressed. Situation Analysis of Youth in Cambodia 35
Page 1 and 2: SITUATION ANALYSIS OF YOUTH IN CAMB
Page 3 and 4: FOREWORD The Kingdom of Cambodia is
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . .
Page 7 and 8: APPENDICES & ANNEXES APPENDIX A- CH
Page 9 and 10: ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS ACLEDA ADB
Page 11 and 12: NIS NOVCTF NPDC NSDP NSSF NYP ODA O
Page 13 and 14: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY With young people
Page 15 and 16: EMPLOYMENT The single most importan
Page 17 and 18: The production, sale and use of dru
Page 19 and 20: I INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND AND R
Page 21 and 22: 1.4 METHODOLOGY The present youth s
Page 23 and 24: Focus Group Discussions: The key th
Page 25 and 26: Table 1-2 Activity/sample summary I
Page 27 and 28: II YOUTH DATA AND TRENDS AT A GLANC
Page 29 and 30: Cambodia’s male and female 15-24
Page 31 and 32: Few youth go on to university educa
Page 33 and 34: feelings of isolation that result f
Page 35 and 36: III MAPPING DONOR-SUPPORTED AND GOV
Page 37 and 38: Cambodia also has a national policy
Page 39 and 40: (vii) ensure regular and adequate f
Page 41 and 42: links up with NGO efforts in commun
Page 43 and 44: 3.2.2 DONOR-ASSISTED PROGRAMMES Pro
Page 45: HIV and AIDS sector (6 projects) 1
Page 49 and 50: The national mapping activity of NG
Page 51 and 52: IV YOUTH AND EDUCATION “MY PARENT
Page 53 and 54: Approximately 14 major internationa
Page 55 and 56: There are an estimated 7.6 primary
Page 57 and 58: 4.2.2 YOUTH AND EDUCATION ATTENDANC
Page 59 and 60: they migrate for work. Many youths
Page 61 and 62: Limitations in human capital are fu
Page 63 and 64: 4.3.2 YOUTH AND CIVIC EDUCATION 23
Page 65 and 66: V YOUTH AND EMPLOYMENT NO MATTER HO
Page 67 and 68: Table 5-1. Labour market programmes
Page 69 and 70: YOUTH WORKING HOURS Based on the 20
Page 71 and 72: Table 5-10. Youth unemployment rate
Page 73 and 74: However, despite the prominence of
Page 75 and 76: MAFF sees that increasing productio
Page 77 and 78: VI YOUTH AND HEALTH Growing up in a
Page 79 and 80: 6.2.1 SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALT
Page 81 and 82: of modern methods (CDHS 2005). Thos
Page 83 and 84: However, the MoEYS 2004 Youth Risk
Page 85 and 86: FIGURE 6-4. PERCENTAGE OF YOUTHS WH
Page 87 and 88: FGD findings for this study showed
Page 89 and 90: A comprehensive set of policies and
Page 91 and 92: VII YOUTH AND VULNERABILITY Changes
Page 93 and 94: work, [Article 177(4) and Article 1
Page 95 and 96: Young couples entering marriage, es
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7.2.3 YOUTH VULNERABILITY AND THE C
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Cambodians aged 15-25 make up a dis
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VIII YOUTH PARTICIPATION AND RIGHTS
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25 give part or all of their time t
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This study found that youth concept
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The key implications of the finding
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IX CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS An
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Program Mobilize resources for the
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X REFERENCES CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTI
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International Labour Organisation (
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USAID. 2002. Approach to Civic Educ
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Lour Ramin. 2008. Report on the Dru
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World Health Organization and Minis
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National Institute of Statistics (N
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REPORT APPENDICES AND ANNEXES APPEN
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CAMBODIAN YOUTH PROFILE I- GENERAL
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• Youth wealth index quintile Wea
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2.6. Youth unemployment by sex and
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Gross & Net Enrolment Rate, by area
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Age 15-19 69.8 91 80.2 64 15-17 * 2
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4.9. Percentage of Youth Who Experi
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4.17. Youth Maternal Mortality Rati
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ANNEX 1- 1 YOUTH SITUATION ANALYSIS
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Why go to school - how is relevant
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Special efforts will be made to mee
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For the final concluding exercise,
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Keeping the discussion moving: Occa
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The village site report should be p
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ANNEX 1- 3 YOUTH SITUATION ANALYSIS
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V- Education and Training Detail In
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IX- Gender roles and disparities De
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12.21 12.22 12.23 12.24 12.25 12.26
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Agency Policy/ legislation Research
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Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
ANNEX 3- 2 DONOR INVOLVEMENT IN THE
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ANNEX 3-3 MAPPING OF CURRENT NGO PR
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Province Sexual and Reproductive he
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Health Education Province Sexual an
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4. Kampong Chhnang 1. CAEMIC 2. FID
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14. Prey Veng 1. YS 2. CVS 3. Every
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ANNEX 3-4 MAPPING OF CURRENT NGO PR
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2 Battambang 13 5 3 7 6 2 6 2 5 2 4
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Province Youth Programme (Frequency
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ANNEX 3- 6 CONCENTRATION INDEX MAP
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ANNEX 3- 7 CONCENTRATION INDEX MAP
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ANNEX 4-2 EDUCATION SECTOR: KEY GOA
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ANNEX 4-5 AGE SPECIFIC ENROLMENT RA
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ANNEX 5-1 YOUTH LABOUR FORCE, BY GE
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ANNEX 5-6 EMPLOYED POPULATION (10 Y
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ANNEX 5-8 PERCENTAGE OF EMPLOYED PO
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7. Cambodian Children Development (
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18. Child Protection Group-Sihanouk
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27. Children and Youth Group in Keo
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39. Development Children Club in Pr
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49. Khmer Youth and Social Developm
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62. Peace Group (PG) Enforces the r
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74. Women Development Association (
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REPORT APPENDICES AND ANNEXES APPEN
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11. CARE International-Cambodia 200
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38. Ly Solim et al 1997 Young Peopl
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64. Tarr, Chou Meng and Peter Aggle
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B- General Studies Discussing the Y
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27. Family Health International n.d
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56. MoEYS 2003 Revised Education Se
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88. National Center for HIV/AIDS 20
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120. UNDP and ILO 2007 Asian Experi
Page 233 and 234:
List of Photo Credits: PAGE: NUMBER
Page 236:
The United Nations in Cambodia Offi
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