UN Analysis Final.pdf - United Nations in Cambodia

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Contraceptive knowledge and use among unmarried youth, particularly the 15-19 and 20-24 age groups. The situation of youths in geographically isolated communities such as the mountain regions, particularly in terms of: access to healthcare information and services; knowledge of HIV and AIDS and infectious diseases; incidence of alcohol consumption, smoking and illicit drug use, etc. The most at-risk youth populations, such as street children and out-of-school youth, including youth migrating from rural to urban areas and across borders. A final area that should be researched is HIV and AIDS prevalence among young people, disaggregated according to the 15-19 and 20-24 age groups. Current knowledge of this issue focuses mainly on NCHADS sentinel groups, including women attending antenatal centres, with broad reference to those aged below 25. Improved knowledge of this issue will help to inform decisions on policies and programmes to prevent and, as appropriate, reduce HIV and AIDS rates among youth. 78 Situation Analysis of Youth in Cambodia
VII YOUTH AND VULNERABILITY Changes brought about by globalization affect Cambodian young people in a number of ways, compromising their human rights and creating many risks and vulnerabilities on one hand while opening opportunities for their advancement as individuals and as a group on the other. Regional integration, advanced use of technology, the increasing global demand for skilled labour, and changing living standards have made both negative and positive impacts on young people. Youths are the most affected sector of society when it comes to coping with rapid economic growth and social change. Inadequate vocational skills among youth reduce their employability, increase the probability of their leaving school early, and contribute to the growing number of under-trained youths, marginalizing them and undermining their entrepreneurial competitiveness (Brewer 2004). That young Cambodians lack life and livelihood skills to cope with the challenges of globalization is seen as a major source of youth vulnerability. Other issues associated with poverty, poor living conditions, poor nutrition, and ill health compound the vulnerability of youth. Poor children live in conditions of particular vulnerability. Their future is often compromised by shocks and stresses that hit their households when they are at a young age. Lack of adequate nutrition in their early years impairs their physical and mental development for the rest of their life. The lack of education and training, which are essential components of measures to address the challenges faced by poor children, is linked to increased vulnerability among youth. A low level of formal school education – brought about by parents withdrawing adolescents and youths from school, which is a typical (but unsustainable) coping mechanism – has severe consequences for future youth employment opportunities in a rapidly changing labour market (Gallina and Masina 2002). Although Cambodia has emerged from a period of internal conflict, it is still marked by a “culture of violence” directed primarily at women in the form of domestic violence, trafficking of women and rape (Ing Kantha, 2006). Unemployment, a lack of access to information, substance abuse, and parental neglect are among the problems confronting youth. Those with disabilities face even greater competition from young unemployed school-leavers when searching for jobs, often resulting in negative attitudes and mistaken assumptions on the part of employers about their work capacity. This chapter explores the situation of Cambodia’s vulnerable youth in relation to their environment, which largely part contributes to their vulnerability. It also presents the key elements and gaps that can serve as a basis for recommendations of how to address weaknesses and strengthen good practices in responding to the problems of vulnerable youth. Based on this situation analysis, the study also identifies opportunities for improving the process of awareness raising and advocacy on youth and vulnerability. Key issues discussed in this section are: the current laws, policies and programmes that respond to the unfavourable conditions of youths; the enabling environment and support available from international organizations; and the engagement of NGOs. The last section of this chapter discusses issues including the impact of poverty, education, migration, violence and abuse, and other related concerns arising from the effects of rapid social change. Situation Analysis of Youth in Cambodia 79
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SITUATION ANALYSIS OF YOUTH IN CAMB
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FOREWORD The Kingdom of Cambodia is
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CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . .
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APPENDICES & ANNEXES APPENDIX A- CH
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ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS ACLEDA ADB
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NIS NOVCTF NPDC NSDP NSSF NYP ODA O
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY With young people
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EMPLOYMENT The single most importan
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The production, sale and use of dru
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I INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND AND R
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1.4 METHODOLOGY The present youth s
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Focus Group Discussions: The key th
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Table 1-2 Activity/sample summary I
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II YOUTH DATA AND TRENDS AT A GLANC
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Cambodia’s male and female 15-24
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Few youth go on to university educa
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feelings of isolation that result f
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III MAPPING DONOR-SUPPORTED AND GOV
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Cambodia also has a national policy
Page 39 and 40: (vii) ensure regular and adequate f
Page 41 and 42: links up with NGO efforts in commun
Page 43 and 44: 3.2.2 DONOR-ASSISTED PROGRAMMES Pro
Page 45 and 46: HIV and AIDS sector (6 projects) 1
Page 47 and 48: FIGURE 3-1. CONCENTRATION INDEX MAP
Page 49 and 50: The national mapping activity of NG
Page 51 and 52: IV YOUTH AND EDUCATION “MY PARENT
Page 53 and 54: Approximately 14 major internationa
Page 55 and 56: There are an estimated 7.6 primary
Page 57 and 58: 4.2.2 YOUTH AND EDUCATION ATTENDANC
Page 59 and 60: they migrate for work. Many youths
Page 61 and 62: Limitations in human capital are fu
Page 63 and 64: 4.3.2 YOUTH AND CIVIC EDUCATION 23
Page 65 and 66: V YOUTH AND EMPLOYMENT NO MATTER HO
Page 67 and 68: Table 5-1. Labour market programmes
Page 69 and 70: YOUTH WORKING HOURS Based on the 20
Page 71 and 72: Table 5-10. Youth unemployment rate
Page 73 and 74: However, despite the prominence of
Page 75 and 76: MAFF sees that increasing productio
Page 77 and 78: VI YOUTH AND HEALTH Growing up in a
Page 79 and 80: 6.2.1 SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALT
Page 81 and 82: of modern methods (CDHS 2005). Thos
Page 83 and 84: However, the MoEYS 2004 Youth Risk
Page 85 and 86: FIGURE 6-4. PERCENTAGE OF YOUTHS WH
Page 87 and 88: FGD findings for this study showed
Page 89: A comprehensive set of policies and
Page 93 and 94: work, [Article 177(4) and Article 1
Page 95 and 96: Young couples entering marriage, es
Page 97 and 98: 7.2.3 YOUTH VULNERABILITY AND THE C
Page 99 and 100: Cambodians aged 15-25 make up a dis
Page 101 and 102: VIII YOUTH PARTICIPATION AND RIGHTS
Page 103 and 104: 25 give part or all of their time t
Page 105 and 106: This study found that youth concept
Page 107 and 108: The key implications of the finding
Page 109 and 110: IX CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS An
Page 111 and 112: Program Mobilize resources for the
Page 113 and 114: X REFERENCES CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTI
Page 115 and 116: International Labour Organisation (
Page 117 and 118: USAID. 2002. Approach to Civic Educ
Page 119 and 120: Lour Ramin. 2008. Report on the Dru
Page 121 and 122: World Health Organization and Minis
Page 123 and 124: National Institute of Statistics (N
Page 125 and 126: REPORT APPENDICES AND ANNEXES APPEN
Page 127 and 128: CAMBODIAN YOUTH PROFILE I- GENERAL
Page 129 and 130: • Youth wealth index quintile Wea
Page 131 and 132: 2.6. Youth unemployment by sex and
Page 133 and 134: Gross & Net Enrolment Rate, by area
Page 135 and 136: Age 15-19 69.8 91 80.2 64 15-17 * 2
Page 137 and 138: 4.9. Percentage of Youth Who Experi
Page 139 and 140: 4.17. Youth Maternal Mortality Rati
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ANNEX 1- 1 YOUTH SITUATION ANALYSIS
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Why go to school - how is relevant
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Special efforts will be made to mee
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For the final concluding exercise,
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Keeping the discussion moving: Occa
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The village site report should be p
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ANNEX 1- 3 YOUTH SITUATION ANALYSIS
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V- Education and Training Detail In
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IX- Gender roles and disparities De
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12.21 12.22 12.23 12.24 12.25 12.26
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Agency Policy/ legislation Research
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ANNEX 3- 2 DONOR INVOLVEMENT IN THE
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ANNEX 3-3 MAPPING OF CURRENT NGO PR
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Province Sexual and Reproductive he
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Health Education Province Sexual an
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4. Kampong Chhnang 1. CAEMIC 2. FID
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14. Prey Veng 1. YS 2. CVS 3. Every
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ANNEX 3-4 MAPPING OF CURRENT NGO PR
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2 Battambang 13 5 3 7 6 2 6 2 5 2 4
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Province Youth Programme (Frequency
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ANNEX 3- 6 CONCENTRATION INDEX MAP
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ANNEX 3- 7 CONCENTRATION INDEX MAP
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ANNEX 4-2 EDUCATION SECTOR: KEY GOA
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ANNEX 4-5 AGE SPECIFIC ENROLMENT RA
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ANNEX 5-1 YOUTH LABOUR FORCE, BY GE
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ANNEX 5-6 EMPLOYED POPULATION (10 Y
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ANNEX 5-8 PERCENTAGE OF EMPLOYED PO
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7. Cambodian Children Development (
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18. Child Protection Group-Sihanouk
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27. Children and Youth Group in Keo
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39. Development Children Club in Pr
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49. Khmer Youth and Social Developm
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62. Peace Group (PG) Enforces the r
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74. Women Development Association (
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REPORT APPENDICES AND ANNEXES APPEN
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11. CARE International-Cambodia 200
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38. Ly Solim et al 1997 Young Peopl
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64. Tarr, Chou Meng and Peter Aggle
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B- General Studies Discussing the Y
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27. Family Health International n.d
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56. MoEYS 2003 Revised Education Se
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88. National Center for HIV/AIDS 20
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120. UNDP and ILO 2007 Asian Experi
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List of Photo Credits: PAGE: NUMBER
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The United Nations in Cambodia Offi
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