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THE FATTY ACID PROFILE OF SUBCUTANEOUS AND ABDOMINAL FAT IN DAIRY COWS Oka, A., F. Iwaki, T. Dohgo, S. Ohtagaki, M. Noda, T. Shiozaki, O. Endoh, and M. Ozaki. 2002. Genetic effects on fatty acid composition of carcass fat of Japanese Black Wagyu steers. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1005-1011. Raes, K., S. de Smet, and D. Demeyer. 2001. Effect of double-muscling in Belgian Blue young bulls on the intramuscular fatty acid composition with emphasis on conjugated linoleic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Anim. Sci. 73:253-260. Rukkwamsuk, T., M. J. H. Geelen, T. A. M. Kruip, and T. Wensing. 2000. Interrelation of fatty acid composition in adipose tissue, serum, and liver of dairy cows during the development of fatty liver postpartum. J. Dairy Sci. 83:52-59. Sato, H. and A. Inoue. 2006. Decrease in stearic acid proportions in adipose tissues and liver lipids in fatty liver of dairy cows. Anim. Sci. J. 77:347-351. Siebert, B. D., W. S. Pitchford, Z. A. Kruk, H. Kuchel, M. P. B. Deland, and C. D. K. Bottema. 2003. Differences in Delta(9) desaturase activity between Jersey- and Limousin-sired cattle. Lipids 38:539-543. St. John, L. C., D. K. Lunt, and S. B. Smith. 1991. Fatty-acid elongation and desaturation enzyme-activities of bovine liver and subcutaneous adipose-tissue microsomes. J. Anim. Sci. 69:1064-1073. Turner, A. S., C. W. McIlwraith, and B. L. Hull. 1989. Techniques in large animal surgery. 2nd ed. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, PA. Van Eetvelde, M., S. De Smet, and G. Opsomer. 2011. Measuring body energy reserves stored as fat in high yielding dairy cows. Flem. Vet. J. 80:31-37. Van Hoeck, V., R. G. Sturmey, P. Bermejo-Alvarez, D. Rizos, A. Gutierrez-Adan, H. J. Leese, P. E. J. Bols, and J. L. M. R. Leroy. 2011. Elevated non-esterified fatty acid concentrations during bovine oocyte maturation compromise early embryo physiology. Plos One 6. Vanholder, T., J. L. M. R. Leroy, A. Van Soom, G. Opsomer, D. Maes, M. Coryn, and A. de Kruif. 2005. Effect of non-esterified fatty acids on bovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis and proliferation in vitro. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 87:33-44. 125
CHAPTER 4.2 Vernon, R. G. 1980. Lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue of ruminant animals. Prog. Lipid Res. 19:23-106. Wajchenberg, B. L. 2000. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: Their relation to the metabolic syndrome. Endocr. Rev. 21:697-738. Zachut, M., A. Arieli, H. Lehrer, L. Livshitz, S. Yakoby, and U. Moallem. 2010a. Effects of increased supplementation of n-3 fatty acids to transition dairy cows on performance and fatty acid profile in plasma, adipose tissue, and milk fat. J. Dairy Sci. 93:5877- 5889. Zachut, M., I. Dekel, H. Lehrer, A. Arieli, A. Arav, L. Livshitz, S. Yakoby, and U. Moallem. 2010b. Effects of dietary fats differing in n-6:n-3 ratio fed to high-yielding dairy cows on fatty acid composition of ovarian compartments, follicular status, and oocyte quality. J. Dairy Sci. 93:529-545. 126
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Health and fertility challenges in
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Health and Fertility Challenges in
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TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIAT
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION Modified from:
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CHAPTER 1 Table 1. List of bioactiv
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Milk production per lactation (kg)
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CHAPTER 1 availability in the diet
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CHAPTER 1 Chagas, L. M., J. J. Bass
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CHAPTER 1 Goff, J. P. and R. L. Hor
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CHAPTER 1 Lucy, M. C. 2008. Functio
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CHAPTER 1 UNPD. 2010. World populat
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THE FABULOUS DESTINY OF FATTY ACIDS
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Intestinal digestibility (%) THE FA
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AIMS
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HEALTH CHALLENGES IN HIGH YIELDING
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LACTATION CURVE ANALYSIS IN METABOL
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CHAPTER 4.1 and interrelationships
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CHAPTER 4.1 GmbH, Unterschleißheim
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CHAPTER 4.1 analysis, all animals w
Page 83 and 84: Survival distribution function CHAP
Page 85 and 86: Milk production (kg) CHAPTER 4.1 wa
Page 87 and 88: CHAPTER 4.1 Complicated twinning (T
Page 89 and 90: CHAPTER 4.1 Table 5. The effect of
Page 97 and 98: CHAPTER 4.1 In most studies a posit
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER 4.1 reported a positive and
Page 101 and 102: CHAPTER 4.1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The au
Page 103 and 104: CHAPTER 4.1 Detilleux, J. C., Y. T.
Page 105 and 106: CHAPTER 4.1 Hosmer, D.W., and S. Le
Page 107 and 108: CHAPTER 4.1 Rajala-Schultz, P. J.,
Page 112: THE FATTY ACID PROFILE OF SUBCUTANE
Page 116 and 117: THE FATTY ACID PROFILE OF SUBCUTANE
Page 124 and 125: Fatty acid (g/100 g FA) Fatty acid
Page 138: THE USE OF DIETARY FATTY ACIDS DURI
Page 142 and 143: FEEDING MARINE ALGAE TO DAIRY COWS
Page 168: FEEDING MARINE ALGAE TO DAIRY COWS
Page 174: FEEDING OMEGA-6 AND OMEGA-3 FATTY A
Page 177 and 178: CHAPTER 5.2 breeding period reduced
Page 179 and 180: CHAPTER 5.2 More specifically, the
Page 181 and 182: CHAPTER 5.2 The Flemish Veterinary
Page 183 and 184: CHAPTER 5.2 of milk and BCS and FA
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CHAPTER 5.2 Table 3. Effect of diet
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CHAPTER 5.2 Table 4. The effect of
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CHAPTER 5.2 Figure 2 (previous page
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FAME (g/100g) FAME (g/100g) CHAPTER
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CHAPTER 5.2 prepartum period. At th
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CHAPTER 5.2 IMPLICATIONS FOR FERTIL
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CHAPTER 5.2 REFERENCES AbuGhazaleh,
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CHAPTER 5.2 supplementation on syst
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CHAPTER 5.2 Lucy, M. C., C. R. Stap
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CHAPTER 5.2 Petit, H. V. and C. Ben
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CHAPTER 5.2 Zachut, M., A. Arieli,
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MILK FAT SATURATION AND REPRODUCTIV
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Protein content (g/kg) Fat content
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Estimated CRFI MILK FAT SATURATION
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DIMFI (d) CVUFA % MILK FAT SATURATI
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DIMCONC (d) CVUFA (%) MILK FAT SATU
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GENERAL DISCUSSION The scope of the
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GENERAL DISCUSSION (Hogeveen, 2012)
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Milk Production (kg) Milk Productio
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GENERAL DISCUSSION First, researche
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GENERAL DISCUSSION FATTY ACID MOBIL
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Omental Fat Score GENERAL DISCUSSIO
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GENERAL DISCUSSION The main objecti
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GENERAL DISCUSSION Even though some
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GENERAL DISCUSSION Table 2. Overvie
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GENERAL DISCUSSION Figure 4. Fatty
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GENERAL DISCUSSION and 22:6n-3 were
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GENERAL DISCUSSION IMPLICATIONS FOR
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GENERAL DISCUSSION We found a nega
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GENERAL DISCUSSION fatty acid compo
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GENERAL DISCUSSION Castaneda-Gutier
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GENERAL DISCUSSION encapsulated (LE
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GENERAL DISCUSSION Friggens, N. C.,
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GENERAL DISCUSSION linoleic acid on
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GENERAL DISCUSSION Lucy, M. C., C.
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GENERAL DISCUSSION Nikkhah, A., J.
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GENERAL DISCUSSION Rajala, P. J. an
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GENERAL DISCUSSION Stengarde, L., K
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GENERAL DISCUSSION Wathes, D. C., D
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SUMMARY The time span during which
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SUMMARY correlation with PC2 was po
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SUMMARY reflected in CE and PL but
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SAMENVATTING
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SAMENVATTING Management Facilitiy).
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SAMENVATTING totale opbrengst als h
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SAMENVATTING van het OVZ-gehalte va
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CURRICULUM VITAE Miel Hostens werd
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BIBLIOGRAPHY INTERNATIONAL PAPERS D
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BIBLIOGRAPHY NATIONAL PAPERS Cools,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Hostens, M., L. Peelma
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BIBLIOGRAPHY in early lactating dai
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DANKWOORD Misschien is het niet zo
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DANKWOORD Alle collega’s van de b
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DANKWOORD De medewerkers van Unifor
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DANKWOORD Via een intense samenwerk
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DANKWOORD doe. Ook al komt er af en
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