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HEALTH AND FERTILITY CHALLENGES IN HIGH YIELDING DAIRY COWS DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD AND THE USE OF DIETARY FATTY ACIDS AS AN OPTIMIZATION STRATEGY Miel Hostens Dissertation submitted in fullfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Veterinary Sciences 2012 Promotors: Prof. Dr. G. Opsomer Prof. Dr. V. Fievez Copromotor: Prof. Dr. J.L.M.R. Leroy Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent University
Health and Fertility Challenges in High Yielding Dairy Cows during the Transition Period and the Use of Dietary Fatty Acids as an Optimization Strategy Miel Hostens Vakgroep Voortplanting, Verloskunde en Bedrijfsdiergeneeskunde Faculteit Diergeneeskunde, Universiteit Gent Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, België Funding: This research was supported by the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen, grant n° 050683) ISBN: 978-90-5864-310-0 Cover photo and design: Jeroen Maes Pictures reprinted with kind permission of Ken Nordlund Printing: BEMA-Graphics n.v./s.a., Wommelgem, Belgium, www.bemagraphics.com Printing of this thesis was financially supported by
Page 1: Health and fertility challenges in
Page 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIAT
Page 10: GENERAL INTRODUCTION Modified from:
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 1 Table 1. List of bioactiv
Page 15 and 16: Milk production per lactation (kg)
Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 1 availability in the diet
Page 19 and 20: CHAPTER 1 Chagas, L. M., J. J. Bass
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 1 Goff, J. P. and R. L. Hor
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 1 Lucy, M. C. 2008. Functio
Page 25: CHAPTER 1 UNPD. 2010. World populat
Page 30 and 31: THE FABULOUS DESTINY OF FATTY ACIDS
Page 38 and 39: Intestinal digestibility (%) THE FA
Page 52 and 53:
THE FABULOUS DESTINY OF FATTY ACIDS
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Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 64:
AIMS
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HEALTH CHALLENGES IN HIGH YIELDING
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LACTATION CURVE ANALYSIS IN METABOL
Page 77 and 78:
CHAPTER 4.1 and interrelationships
Page 79 and 80:
CHAPTER 4.1 GmbH, Unterschleißheim
Page 81 and 82:
CHAPTER 4.1 analysis, all animals w
Page 83 and 84:
Survival distribution function CHAP
Page 85 and 86:
Milk production (kg) CHAPTER 4.1 wa
Page 87 and 88:
CHAPTER 4.1 Complicated twinning (T
Page 89 and 90:
CHAPTER 4.1 Table 5. The effect of
Page 91 and 92:
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CHAPTER 4.1 In most studies a posit
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CHAPTER 4.1 reported a positive and
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CHAPTER 4.1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The au
Page 103 and 104:
CHAPTER 4.1 Detilleux, J. C., Y. T.
Page 105 and 106:
CHAPTER 4.1 Hosmer, D.W., and S. Le
Page 107 and 108:
CHAPTER 4.1 Rajala-Schultz, P. J.,
Page 112:
THE FATTY ACID PROFILE OF SUBCUTANE
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Fatty acid (g/100 g FA) Fatty acid
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Page 134 and 135:
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THE USE OF DIETARY FATTY ACIDS DURI
Page 142 and 143:
FEEDING MARINE ALGAE TO DAIRY COWS
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FEEDING OMEGA-6 AND OMEGA-3 FATTY A
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CHAPTER 5.2 breeding period reduced
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CHAPTER 5.2 More specifically, the
Page 181 and 182:
CHAPTER 5.2 The Flemish Veterinary
Page 183 and 184:
CHAPTER 5.2 of milk and BCS and FA
Page 185 and 186:
CHAPTER 5.2 Table 3. Effect of diet
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
CHAPTER 5.2 Figure 2 (previous page
Page 191 and 192:
FAME (g/100g) FAME (g/100g) CHAPTER
Page 193 and 194:
CHAPTER 5.2 prepartum period. At th
Page 195 and 196:
CHAPTER 5.2 IMPLICATIONS FOR FERTIL
Page 197 and 198:
CHAPTER 5.2 REFERENCES AbuGhazaleh,
Page 199 and 200:
CHAPTER 5.2 supplementation on syst
Page 201 and 202:
CHAPTER 5.2 Lucy, M. C., C. R. Stap
Page 203 and 204:
CHAPTER 5.2 Petit, H. V. and C. Ben
Page 205:
CHAPTER 5.2 Zachut, M., A. Arieli,
Page 210:
MILK FAT SATURATION AND REPRODUCTIV
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Page 218 and 219:
Protein content (g/kg) Fat content
Page 220 and 221:
Estimated CRFI MILK FAT SATURATION
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DIMFI (d) CVUFA % MILK FAT SATURATI
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DIMCONC (d) CVUFA (%) MILK FAT SATU
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GENERAL DISCUSSION The scope of the
Page 242 and 243:
GENERAL DISCUSSION (Hogeveen, 2012)
Page 244 and 245:
Milk Production (kg) Milk Productio
Page 246 and 247:
GENERAL DISCUSSION First, researche
Page 248 and 249:
GENERAL DISCUSSION FATTY ACID MOBIL
Page 250 and 251:
Omental Fat Score GENERAL DISCUSSIO
Page 252 and 253:
GENERAL DISCUSSION The main objecti
Page 254 and 255:
GENERAL DISCUSSION Even though some
Page 256 and 257:
GENERAL DISCUSSION Table 2. Overvie
Page 258 and 259:
GENERAL DISCUSSION Figure 4. Fatty
Page 260 and 261:
GENERAL DISCUSSION and 22:6n-3 were
Page 262 and 263:
GENERAL DISCUSSION IMPLICATIONS FOR
Page 264 and 265:
GENERAL DISCUSSION We found a nega
Page 266 and 267:
GENERAL DISCUSSION fatty acid compo
Page 268 and 269:
GENERAL DISCUSSION Castaneda-Gutier
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GENERAL DISCUSSION encapsulated (LE
Page 272 and 273:
GENERAL DISCUSSION Friggens, N. C.,
Page 274 and 275:
GENERAL DISCUSSION linoleic acid on
Page 276 and 277:
GENERAL DISCUSSION Lucy, M. C., C.
Page 278 and 279:
GENERAL DISCUSSION Nikkhah, A., J.
Page 280 and 281:
GENERAL DISCUSSION Rajala, P. J. an
Page 282 and 283:
GENERAL DISCUSSION Stengarde, L., K
Page 284:
GENERAL DISCUSSION Wathes, D. C., D
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SUMMARY The time span during which
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SUMMARY correlation with PC2 was po
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SUMMARY reflected in CE and PL but
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SAMENVATTING
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SAMENVATTING Management Facilitiy).
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SAMENVATTING totale opbrengst als h
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SAMENVATTING van het OVZ-gehalte va
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CURRICULUM VITAE Miel Hostens werd
Page 314 and 315:
BIBLIOGRAPHY INTERNATIONAL PAPERS D
Page 316 and 317:
BIBLIOGRAPHY NATIONAL PAPERS Cools,
Page 318 and 319:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Hostens, M., L. Peelma
Page 320:
BIBLIOGRAPHY in early lactating dai
Page 326 and 327:
DANKWOORD Misschien is het niet zo
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DANKWOORD Alle collega’s van de b
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DANKWOORD De medewerkers van Unifor
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DANKWOORD Via een intense samenwerk
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DANKWOORD doe. Ook al komt er af en
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