Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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Forests and Woodlands: Appalachian Highlands Hemlock-Hardwood Forests Tsuga canadensis - Fagus grandifolia - Acer saccharum / (Hamamelis virginiana, Kalmia latifolia) Forest Eastern Hemlock - American Beech - Sugar Maple / (Witch-hazel, Mountain Laurel) Forest East-central Hemlock Hardwood Forest CEGL005043 DESCRIPTION: The overstory is dominated by Tsuga canadensis, Acer saccharum, Acer rubrum, and Fagus grandifolia. Rarely does any one of these comprise more than 50% of the mature trees in a stand. Other trees are common in the canopy, among them Betula alleghaniensis, Betula lenta, Carya spp., Liriodendron tulipifera, Nyssa sylvatica, Pinus strobus, Prunus serotina, Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, and Tilia americana. The shrub layer, occasionally sparse, contains Hamamelis virginiana, Lindera benzoin, and Viburnum acerifolium, as well as ericaceous shrubs, including Kalmia latifolia and Rhododendron maximum. The ground layer contains the ferns Botrychium virginianum, Dryopteris intermedia, Dryopteris marginalis, Polystichum acrostichoides, and the herbs Arisaema triphyllum, Maianthemum canadense, Mitchella repens, Podophyllum peltatum, Viola blanda, and Viola rotundifolia, among others. Three subtypes are possible: (1) steep-walled sandstone gorges and talus, where Hydrangea arborescens, Kalmia latifolia, and Dryopteris marginalis may be indicative; (2) more gently sloped valleys, with shrubs such as Hamamelis virginiana, Viburnum acerifolium; and (3) rolling lakeplain ridges (Black and Mack 1976, Anderson 1982). In Virginia, this type would be expected north of the range of Rhododendron maximum (G. Fleming pers. comm. 2000). The Kentucky examples, which are mesic rather than dry-mesic, may lack Acer saccharum, Maianthemum canadense, and several other species, and may contain Magnolia spp., (e.g., Magnolia tripetala, Magnolia acuminata, and Magnolia macrophylla) (J. Campbell pers. comm. 2000). In addition, Betula lenta (widespread on Appalachian Plateaus) is replaced by Betula alleghaniensis (var. macrolepis) in western Kentucky and southern Indiana. Stands occur on dry-mesic to mesic slopes, sometimes in steep-sloped valleys, but also in more gently sloped valleys and rolling lakeplain ridges. Soils are typically acid, silty to sandy loams, with a sandstone or shale parent material (Anderson 1982). Some Indiana stands occur on limestone (M. Homoya pers. comm. 1999). COMMENTS: 2, ECS. This type appears to vary from pure evergreen to mixed evergreen-deciduous. Black and Mack (1976) suggest that this type contains more temperate species, such as several Dryopteris spp. (Dryopteris intermedia, Dryopteris marginalis) and Viburnum acerifolium when compared to more northern/boreal types, such as Tsuga canadensis - Fagus grandifolia - (Acer saccharum) Great Lakes Forest (CEGL005042), which contains Clintonia borealis, Coptis trifolia, and Cornus canadensis. One of their subtypes, the steep-walled sandstone gorges and talus, where Hydrangea arborescens, Kalmia latifolia, and Dryopteris marginalis may be indicative has some conceptual and environmental overlap with Tsuga canadensis - (Fagus grandifolia, Tilia americana var. heterophylla) / Magnolia tripetala Forest (CEGL008407) of the southern Cumberland Plateau and Central Appalachians. CONSERVATION RANK: G3. Occurrences are threatened by the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae), an exotic insect pest. DISTRIBUTION: This community is found in parts of the Interior Low Plateau and the Western Allegheny Plateau of the northeastern and east-central United States, ranging from Pennsylvania and Ohio, south to Maryland and West Virginia, and westward to a few stands in Indiana, and possibly Kentucky. Stands in Indiana are not part of the continuous range of Tsuga canadensis. USFS ECOREGIONS: 212:C, 221Ea:CCC, 221Ec:CCC, 221Ed:CCC, 221Ef:CCC, 221Eg:CCC, 221Fa:CCC, 221Fb:CCC, 222De:C, 222Ek:CCC, 222Em:CCC, 222Hb:CCC, 222Hf:CCC CONSERVATION REGIONS: 44:C, 45:C, 48:C, 49:C, 50:, 59:, 61:C STATES: IN KY MD OH PA VA WV PROVINCES: MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IN mesic upland forest + OH hemlock-white pine-hardwood forest = OTHER SYNONYMY: USNVC HIERARCHY: TSUGA CANADENSIS - LIRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA FOREST ALLIANCE (I.C.3.N.a) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 442
Forests and Woodlands: Interior Highlands Dry-mesic Oak Forests and Woodlands Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Carya (alba, ovata) / Cornus florida Acid Forest White Oak - Northern Red Oak - (Mockernut Hickory, Shagbark Hickory) / Flowering Dogwood Acid Forest White Oak - Red Oak Dry-mesic Acid Forest CEGL002067 DESCRIPTION: Stands are dominated by a closed-canopy deciduous tree layer. The dominants are Quercus alba and Quercus rubra. Typical associates including Carya ovata, Carya ovalis, Nyssa sylvatica, Quercus falcata, and Pinus echinata in parts of the range. The shrub and small-tree layer contains Cornus florida. Parthenocissus quinquefolia is a typical vine. The herbaceous layer contains Actaea racemosa (= Cimicifuga racemosa), Desmodium glutinosum, Desmodium nudiflorum, Galium arkansanum, Galium pilosum, and Polystichum acrostichoides, among others (Nelson 1985). Soils are well-drained, shallow to deep (40 to over 100 cm), often over sandstone, cherts, or cherty limestone (Nelson 1985). COMMENTS: 2, MCS. This type may be difficult to distinguish from Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Quercus muehlenbergii / Cercis canadensis Forest (CEGL002070), the alkaline equivalent, but more acidic species such as Cornus florida, Nyssa sylvatica and Pinus echinata may be present. Further characterization is needed. CONSERVATION RANK: G3. DISTRIBUTION: This community is found in the Interior Highlands of the south-central United States, ranging from Arkansas and Missouri eastward to Tennessee, Kentucky, and southern Ohio. USFS ECOREGIONS: 221Ea:CCC, 221Ec:CCC, 221Ed:CCP, 221Ef:CCP, 221Eg:CCC, 222Aa:CCC, 222Ab:CCC, 222Ac:CCC, 222Ad:CCC, 222Ae:CCC, 222Af:CCC, 222Ag:CCC, 222Ah:CCC, 222Aj:CCC, 222Ak:CCC, 222Am:CCC, 222Ao:CCC, 222Ap:CCC, 222Aq:CCP, 222Db:CCC, 222Dc:CCC, 222De:CCC, 222Df:CCC, 222Eg:CCP, 222Ei:CCC, 222Ek:CCC, 222Em:CCC, 222Fd:CCC, 222Fe:CCC, 222Ff:CCC, 231:C, 251Ce:CCC, M231A:CC CONSERVATION REGIONS: 36:C, 38:C, 39:C, 43:P, 44:C, 48:C, 49:C STATES: AR IL IN KY MO OH TN PROVINCES: MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IL dry-mesic upland forest (S) IN dry-mesic upland forest + MO dry-mesic acid bedrock forest (dry-mesic chert forest, dry-mesic sandstone forest, dry-mesic igneous forest) I OH oak-hickory forest OTHER SYNONYMY: TIB4aIII. Quercus rubra - Quercus spp. (Foti et al. 1994), Dry-Mesic Acid (Chert, Igneous, Sandstone) forest (Nelson 1987) USNVC HIERARCHY: QUERCUS ALBA - (QUERCUS RUBRA, CARYA SPP.) FOREST ALLIANCE (I.B.2.N.a) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 457
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PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST CL
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CONTENTS APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
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OVERVIEW APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
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− The USFS (U.S. Forest Service)
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Box 2. State Natural Heritage progr
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INDEX TO ASSOCIATIONS BY ECOLOGICAL
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2.3.4.4. Interior Highlands Shale G
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Acid Peatlands: Northern Shrub/Gram
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Rich Peat Fens: Northeastern Rich F
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Rich Peat Fens: Midwestern Prairie
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Seeps: Midwestern Seepage Meadows S
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Open and Emergent Marshes: Eastern
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Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
* Nonstandard type (needs review) G
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Open and Emergent Marshes: Great La
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Great
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
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Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Nort
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Page 44 and 45:
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Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midw
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Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midw
Page 50 and 51: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midw
Page 60 and 61: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Appa
Page 62 and 63: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 64 and 65: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 66 and 67: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 68 and 69: Sphagnum wulfianum, Sphagnum warnst
Page 70 and 71: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 72 and 73: Rocky Shores: Great Lakes Alkaline
Page 74 and 75: Rocky Shores: Appalachian Highlands
Page 76 and 77: Rocky Uplands (Glades, Rock Barrens
Page 78 and 79: DISTRIBUTION: This limestone glade
Page 80 and 81: DISTRIBUTION: This graminoid shale
Page 82 and 83: Cliffs, Talus, Buttes and Badlands:
Page 88 and 89: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 90 and 91: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 92 and 93: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern M
Page 94 and 95: Forests and Woodlands: Appalachian
Page 102 and 103: Forests and Woodlands: Interior Hig
Page 104 and 105: Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 106 and 107: Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 108 and 109: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern San
Page 110 and 111: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Thi
Page 112 and 113: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Dee
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Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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