Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midwestern Riverfront Floodplain Forests Fraxinus pennsylvanica - Ulmus spp. - Celtis occidentalis Forest Green Ash - Elm Species - Northern Hackberry Forest Central Green Ash - Elm - Hackberry Forest CEGL002014 DESCRIPTION: The vegetation has an open to closed tree canopy that is dominated by Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Celtis occidentalis, and Ulmus americana. Other tree species that may be present include Juglans nigra, Tilia americana, Acer saccharinum, Populus deltoides. Ulmus rubra can be part of the subcanopy. The shrub layer in the western part of the range includes Cornus drummondii, Ribes missouriense, Symphoricarpos occidentalis, and Zanthoxylum americanum, as well as woody vines, such as Parthenocissus vitacea, Smilax tamnoides (= Smilax hispida), Toxicodendron radicans, and Vitis riparia. The herbaceous layer in the western part of the range includes Elymus virginicus, Festuca subverticillata, Galium aparine, Geum canadense, and Laportea canadensis (Steinauer and Rolfsmeier 2000). Stands occur along upper floodplain terraces of rivers and streams and in upland ravine bottoms. Soils are moderately well-drained to poorly drained. COMMENTS: 2, MCS. The distinction between this type and Fraxinus pennsylvanica - Ulmus americana - (Acer negundo, Tilia americana) Northern Forest (CEGL002089) needs clarification. This type could be in Wisconsin. CONSERVATION RANK: G3G5. DISTRIBUTION: This community is found in the central United States along upper floodplain terraces of rivers and streams and in upland ravine bottoms, ranging from Ohio and Ontario west to Iowa, south to Kansas, and east to Indiana. USFS ECOREGIONS: 221Ec:CCP, 221Ed:CCP, 221Ef:CCC, 222Dc:CCC, 222Ek:CCC, 222Em:CCP, 222Fd:CCC, 222Fe:CCC, 222Ha:CCC, 222Hb:CCC, 222Hf:CCC, 222If:CCC, 222Jb:CCC, 222Jg:CCC, 222Jh:CCC, 222Ji:CCC, 251Be:CCC, 251Cp:CCC, 251Cq:CCC, 251Fd:CCC, 251G:CC, 255:C CONSERVATION REGIONS: 33:C, 35:C, 36:C, 37:C, 44:P, 45:C, 48:C, 49:C STATES: IA IL IN KS MI NE OH PROVINCES: ON MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IL OTHER SYNONYMY: wet-mesic floodplain forest (N) I IN wet-mesic floodplain forest + MI southern floodplain forest + NE eastern lowland forest = OH mixed floodplain forest USNVC HIERARCHY: FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA - ULMUS AMERICANA - CELTIS (OCCIDENTALIS, LAEVIGATA) TEMPORARILY FLOODED FOREST ALLIANCE (I.B.2.N.d) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 183
Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midwestern Riverfront Floodplain Forests Populus deltoides - Salix nigra Forest Eastern Cottonwood - Black Willow Forest Cottonwood - Black Willow Forest CEGL002018 DESCRIPTION: This community is dominated by broadleaf deciduous trees. Canopy closure is complete, or nearly so, with few shrubs and limited tree species found in the type. The tree canopy is tall (to 30 m) and dominated by Populus deltoides and Salix nigra, although Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Acer saccharinum, Acer negundo, Platanus occidentalis, and Ulmus americana are also commonly encountered. Tree diversity is limited due to the dynamics of flooding and deposition/scouring of sediments. The subcanopy is almost exclusively Salix nigra. The shrub layer is conspicuously absent in many parts of the range. Herbaceous growth can be thick and lush but is often patchy and sparse due to frequent inundation. Species most often encountered in the ground layer include Carex spp., Leersia oryzoides, Bidens spp., and Aster spp. (TNC 1995a). This community is quick to colonize newly deposited substrates adjacent to rivers, lakes, streams, and in frequently flooded, low, wet depressions in floodplains. Dynamic substrate availability caused by frequent flooding encourages the establishment and maintenance of this community type. Prolonged flooding in late winter and early spring is the only source of significant natural disturbance. Wind and lightning damage also occur. Stands develop on bare, moist soil on recently formed sand bars, front-land ridges, and well-drained flats, often forming a patchy scrub phase that includes other pioneer species. COMMENTS: 2, MCS. The name of the community must have an additional species added to highlight the distinction between this and Populus deltoides - Salix nigra / Mikania scandens Forest (CEGL007346). Kentucky occurrences are intermediate between the two. This type does not occur in Nebraska, where Salix nigra is a very uncommon tree species. In fact it is thought to have been incorrectly reported as more widespread in the state because it can been confused with Salix amygdaloides (G. Steinauer pers. comm. 2000). CONSERVATION RANK: G3G4. The current range of this community is much smaller than the presettlement range due to extensive logging, ditching, draining, and land clearing for conversion to croplands. The reduced water flows and channelization of rivers decreases the frequency of natural floods necessary for the scouring and deposition of new substrates that favor cottonwood regeneration. DISTRIBUTION: This cottonwood - black willow forest is characteristic of the fronts and banks of most major rivers and streams throughout the Central Forest Region, extending into the northern forest particularly within the Mississippi, Ohio, and Missouri River systems, extending from Ohio west to Minnesota, southward to Oklahoma, and east to Kentucky. USFS ECOREGIONS: 222Ad:CP, 222Ae:CP, 222C:CP, 222D:CP, 222E:CP, 222F:CP, 222G:CP, 222H:CP, 222I:CP, 222J:CP, 222K:CP, 222Lf:CCC, 222Mb:CCC, 222Me:CCC, 231A:PP, 231B:PP, 231E:PP, 231F:PP, 231G:PP, 232B:PP, 232C:PP, 234A:PP, 251Ba:CCC, 251Bb:CCC, 251Cd:CC, 251Cg:CCC, 251D:CP CONSERVATION REGIONS: 35:C, 36:C, 37:C, 38:P, 39:, 42:C, 43:C, 44:C, 46:C STATES: AR IA IL IN KS KY MN MO OH OK WI PROVINCES: MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IL wet floodplain forest (S) + IN wet floodplain forest + MN floodplain forest = MO wet bottomland forest + OH maple-cottonwood-sycamore floodplain forest WI floodplain forest (cottonwood-willow subtype) = OTHER SYNONYMY: Populus deltoides - Salix nigra / Leersia community (Voigt and Mohlenbrock 1964) = USNVC HIERARCHY: POPULUS DELTOIDES TEMPORARILY FLOODED FOREST ALLIANCE (I.B.2.N.d) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 184
Page 1 and 2: PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST CL
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
Page 5 and 6: OVERVIEW APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
Page 7 and 8: − The USFS (U.S. Forest Service)
Page 9 and 10: Box 2. State Natural Heritage progr
Page 11 and 12: INDEX TO ASSOCIATIONS BY ECOLOGICAL
Page 13: 2.3.4.4. Interior Highlands Shale G
Page 16 and 17: Acid Peatlands: Northern Shrub/Gram
Page 18 and 19: Rich Peat Fens: Northeastern Rich F
Page 20 and 21: Rich Peat Fens: Midwestern Prairie
Page 22 and 23: Seeps: Midwestern Seepage Meadows S
Page 24 and 25: Open and Emergent Marshes: Eastern
Page 30 and 31: * Nonstandard type (needs review) G
Page 32 and 33: Open and Emergent Marshes: Great La
Page 34 and 35: Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Great
Page 36 and 37: Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
Page 38 and 39: Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
Page 40 and 41: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Nort
Page 46 and 47: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midw
Page 60 and 61: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Appa
Page 62 and 63: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 64 and 65: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 66 and 67: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 68 and 69: Sphagnum wulfianum, Sphagnum warnst
Page 70 and 71: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 72 and 73: Rocky Shores: Great Lakes Alkaline
Page 74 and 75: Rocky Shores: Appalachian Highlands
Page 76 and 77: Rocky Uplands (Glades, Rock Barrens
Page 78 and 79: DISTRIBUTION: This limestone glade
Page 80 and 81: DISTRIBUTION: This graminoid shale
Page 82 and 83: Cliffs, Talus, Buttes and Badlands:
Page 88 and 89: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 90 and 91: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 92 and 93: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern M
Page 94 and 95: Forests and Woodlands: Appalachian
Page 102 and 103:
Forests and Woodlands: Interior Hig
Page 104 and 105:
Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 106 and 107:
Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 108 and 109:
Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern San
Page 110 and 111:
Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Thi
Page 112 and 113:
Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Dee
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Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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