Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern Dry and Dry-mesic Oak Forests Quercus velutina - Quercus alba / Vaccinium (angustifolium, pallidum) / Carex pensylvanica Forest Black Oak - White Oak / (Northern Lowbush Blueberry, Hillside Blueberry) / Pennsylvania Sedge Forest Black Oak - White Oak / Blueberry Forest CEGL005030 DESCRIPTION: The tree canopy is typically closed, with greater than 80% cover. Quercus velutina and Quercus alba are the dominant species. The shrub layer contains Vaccinium angustifolium and Vaccinium pallidum, at least in Ohio. The herbaceous layer can be strongly dominated by Carex pensylvanica (Anderson 1996, White and Madany 1978). Soils are well-drained (water moves through readily, but not rapidly), sandy and free of mottling. Horizons may be brownish, yellowish, grayish, or reddish. The soils may be mottled deep in the C horizon or below depths of 0.6 m. Stands are limited to areas of sand deposits. Sand forests occupy portions of sand deposits where natural firebreaks have greatly reduced burning frequency. Post-settlement fire exclusion has probably increased the acreage of sand forest at the expense of sand savannas (such as Quercus velutina - (Quercus alba) - Quercus ellipsoidalis / Schizachyrium scoparium - Lupinus perennis Wooded Herbaceous Vegetation CEGL002492). COMMENTS: 2, MCS. This type is found on sands, but tends to be dry-mesic, thereby increasing the relative contribution of Quercus alba in the type. The concept is initially derived from Illinois' "dry-mesic sand forest" (White and Madany 1978), where it can be found in Mason County, and may occur in close proximity to pure Quercus velutina stands, Quercus velutina / Carex pensylvanica Forest (CEGL002078), which may be on dry sand ridges. Type may be in northern Indiana on sand. This type may historically have had a more woodland structure. In Michigan, type may be equivalent to Manistee National Forest ecological land types ELTP 10, 11, 12, if not too far north (Cleland et al. 1994). In Ohio this type represents acid Oak Openings region forest. CONSERVATION RANK: G4. DISTRIBUTION: This oak-dominated forest community is found in the southern Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, ranging from the northern parts of Illinois and Indiana to Michigan, Ohio and Ontario. USFS ECOREGIONS: 212Ht:PPP, 212Hu:PPP, 212Hw:PP, 212Hx:PPP, 222Ig:CCC, 222Ja:CC, 222Ji:CCC, 222Jj:CCC, 222Kj:CCC, 251Cf:CCC CONSERVATION REGIONS: 36:C, 45:C, 48:C STATES: IL IN MI OH PROVINCES: ON MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IL dry-mesic sand forest = IN dry upland forest + MI dry southern forest - black oak-white oak + OH oak-hickory forest + OTHER SYNONYMY: oak barrens (Anderson 1996) B. Anderson suggests that all physiognomic categories of forest, woodland, scrub and herbaceous could be applied to his concept of oak barrens. The more closed condition would fall under this type, and rarely under his oak-hickory forest type. In his chapter on Oak Forests, Anderson states, "Another oak forest type excluded from the general oak category is the black oak-white oak stands on beach ridges in northern Ohio, especially in and near the Oak Openings region west of Toledo. All of these, mostly closed canopied stands are closely related to the partly wooded oak barrens there, and most were probably somewhat open oak barrens themselves in the early 19th century. They may be legitimately considered as a newly formed, closed canopied oak type, but because of their close relationship with oak barrens and their limited areal extent, they are not separated here as a discrete, major forest type. They are included as part of the oak barren complex." USNVC HIERARCHY: QUERCUS VELUTINA - QUERCUS ALBA - (QUERCUS COCCINEA) FOREST ALLIANCE (I.B.2.N.a) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 414
Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern Mesic Oak and Oak-Maple Forests Acer saccharum - Quercus muehlenbergii Forest Sugar Maple - Chinquapin Oak Forest Sugar Maple - Chinquapin Oak Forest CEGL005010 DESCRIPTION: The tree canopy is dominated by Quercus muehlenbergii, the diagnostic dominant, and Acer saccharum. Oaks in general comprise at least 50% of the stand and maple at least 20%. In Ohio, other oak associates include Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, and, locally, Quercus shumardii. Other hardwoods include Carya ovata, Celtis occidentalis, Fraxinus americana, Fraxinus quadrangulata, and Tilia americana. In the northeastern states, Carya ovata and Quercus rubra are the associated species. Shrub and small tree species include Amelanchier sanguinea, Carpinus caroliniana, Cercis canadensis, Cornus racemosa, Diervilla lonicera, Lindera benzoin and Staphylea trifolia. Herbaceous species include Carex eburnea, Carex platyphylla, and Sanicula marilandica, among many others. Stands occur on upper slopes or summits of limestone or marble ridges with dry soils. Limestone outcrops or boulders are often present. COMMENTS: 3, ECS. Anderson (1996) provides further references for Ohio. He notes that it occurs mainly in northern Ohio, where it is primarily a calcareous substrate type but can also represent a transition from oak stands around prairies to beech - maple forests. In Illinois, this type may have occurred as a mesic sand forest subtype, e.g., around Peoria, where both sugar maple and chinquapin oak are noted in the General Land Office (presettlement) Survey notes. Stands on thin soil over dolomite may overlap with limestone woodlands (e.g., in New York Quercus alba - Quercus macrocarpa / Andropogon gerardii Wooded Herbaceous Vegetation (CEGL005121)). Acer saccharum - Quercus muehlenbergii / Cercis canadensis Forest (CEGL006017) is a related unglaciated type found to the south of this type. CONSERVATION RANK: G. DISTRIBUTION: This dry-mesic forest community is found from the eastern seaboard to the central United States on calcareous substrates. USFS ECOREGIONS: 212B:CC, 212E:CC, 221A:CC, 221B:CC, 221D:CC, 222Ha:CCC, 222Hb:CCC, 222Hc:CCC, 222I:CC, 231:C, M212B:CC, M212C:CC, M221:C CONSERVATION REGIONS: 45:C, 48:C, 61:C STATES: CT IL MA MI NJ NY OH PROVINCES: ON MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IL mesic upland forest (N) MI no state equivalent OH oak-maple forest + OTHER SYNONYMY: Yellow oak-sugar maple calcareous forest (CAP) USNVC HIERARCHY: QUERCUS MUEHLENBERGII - (ACER SACCHARUM) FOREST ALLIANCE (I.B.2.N.a) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 416
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PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST CL
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CONTENTS APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
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OVERVIEW APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
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− The USFS (U.S. Forest Service)
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Box 2. State Natural Heritage progr
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INDEX TO ASSOCIATIONS BY ECOLOGICAL
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2.3.4.4. Interior Highlands Shale G
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Acid Peatlands: Northern Shrub/Gram
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Rich Peat Fens: Northeastern Rich F
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Rich Peat Fens: Midwestern Prairie
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Seeps: Midwestern Seepage Meadows S
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Open and Emergent Marshes: Eastern
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Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
* Nonstandard type (needs review) G
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Open and Emergent Marshes: Great La
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Great
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
Page 40 and 41: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Nort
Page 46 and 47: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midw
Page 60 and 61: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Appa
Page 62 and 63: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 64 and 65: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 66 and 67: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 68 and 69: Sphagnum wulfianum, Sphagnum warnst
Page 70 and 71: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 72 and 73: Rocky Shores: Great Lakes Alkaline
Page 74 and 75: Rocky Shores: Appalachian Highlands
Page 76 and 77: Rocky Uplands (Glades, Rock Barrens
Page 78 and 79: DISTRIBUTION: This limestone glade
Page 80 and 81: DISTRIBUTION: This graminoid shale
Page 82 and 83: Cliffs, Talus, Buttes and Badlands:
Page 88 and 89: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 92 and 93: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern M
Page 94 and 95: Forests and Woodlands: Appalachian
Page 102 and 103: Forests and Woodlands: Interior Hig
Page 104 and 105: Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 106 and 107: Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 108 and 109: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern San
Page 110 and 111: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Thi
Page 112 and 113: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Dee
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Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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