Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Northern Rich Conifer Swamps Tsuga canadensis - Betula alleghaniensis Saturated Forest Eastern Hemlock - Yellow Birch Saturated Forest Hemlock - Yellow Birch Swamp Wet-mesic Forest CEGL005003 DESCRIPTION: The overstory of this community is composed of conifers with a moderate amount of deciduous trees. Tsuga canadensis is usually the most abundant species with Abies balsamea, Acer rubrum, Acer saccharum, Betula alleghaniensis, Picea glauca, Pinus strobus, and Thuja occidentalis less common. The shrub layer is not welldeveloped in mature stands with dense canopies, but shrubs are often abundant in disturbed or young stands. Shrubs that may be present include Amelanchier spp., Corylus cornuta, Lonicera canadensis, Prunus pensylvanica, and Vaccinium spp. Common herbaceous species include Clintonia borealis, Coptis trifolia, Cornus canadensis, Dryopteris carthusiana, Maianthemum canadense, Oxalis montana, Trientalis borealis, Viola spp., and others. This community is typically found on wet-mesic areas with imperfectly drained loamy sand, sandy loam, and loam soils that are often saturated. These areas occur on gentle slopes, drainageways, and bordering lakes and wetlands. The nutrient status is generally poor to medium (Kotar et al. 1988). COMMENTS: 3, MCS. Type probably varies from mixed evergreen-deciduous to evergreen, with at least 25% Tsuga canadensis present (cover or basal area), and the rest either hardwoods or some conifers. If Thuja occidentalis is prominent (>50% cover (or basal area) of the conifer component), place with Thuja occidentalis white-cedar types, such as Thuja occidentalis - (Picea mariana, Abies balsamea) / Alnus incana Forest (CEGL002456). Mixed stands of Thuja and Tsuga have been identified on the Chequamegon National Forest in Wisconsin, and are currently placed with this Tsuga type until field verification can be conducted (M. Brzeskiewicz pers. comm. 1997). Type may equal Tsuga canadensis - Betula alleghaniensis / Ilex verticillata / Sphagnum spp. Forest (CEGL006226) in the Northeast, but would make a broad type. Stands in northeastern Ohio are placed with that CEGL006226, found in New York and the northeastern United States. Ohio stands have no Rhododendron spp. (at least, not currently), and appear to resemble CEGL006226 more than CEGL006279. In Michigan this type is found in Gogebic and Iron counties in the western Upper Peninsula. CONSERVATION RANK: G3. This type is fairly widespread in, e.g., Wisconsin, but few good occurrences have been recorded (E. Epstein pers. comm. 1999). DISTRIBUTION: This community is found in the central Great Lakes region of the United States and adjacent Canada, ranging from northern Wisconsin to southern Ontario. USFS ECOREGIONS: 212Ha:CCC, 212Hb:CCP, 212Hh:CCP, 212Hl:CCP, 212Hm:CCP, 212Ho:CCP, 212Hr:CCP, 212Ht:CCP, 212Hu:CCP, 212Hv:CC, 212Hw:CCP, 212Ia:C, 212Ja:CPP, 212Jb:CPP, 212Jc:CPP, 212Jf:CPP, 212Jl:CPP, 212Jm:CPP, 212Jn:CPP, 212Jo:CPP, 221Fa:CCC, 221Fb:CCC, 222Ia:CCC, 222Ja:CCC CONSERVATION REGIONS: 47:P, 48:C, 49:C STATES: MI OH WI PROVINCES: ON MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: MI rich conifer swamp OH hemlock-hardwood swamp = WI northern wet-mesic forest (hemlock swamp subtype) = OTHER SYNONYMY: Tsuga / Maianthemum - Coptis (Kotar et al. 1988) = USNVC HIERARCHY: TSUGA CANADENSIS SATURATED FOREST ALLIANCE (I.A.8.N.g) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 166
Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Northern Rich Shrub Swamps Alnus incana Swamp Shrubland Speckled Alder Swamp Shrubland Speckled Alder Swamp CEGL002381 DESCRIPTION: The vegetation is dominated by tall shrubs, 2-8 m tall, with a moderately open to dense shrub canopy. There is an understory of shorter shrubs and herbaceous species. The density of the understory varies inversely with the tall-shrub canopy. The overstory is usually overwhelmingly dominated by Alnus incana, but where it is not as dominant, other shrubs, such as Cornus sericea, Rubus idaeus, Salix spp., Spiraea alba, and Viburnum spp., can be found. The herbaceous layer contains species such as Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. lanceolatum (= Aster simplex), Calamagrostis canadensis, Caltha palustris, Carex lacustris, Carex prairea, Eupatorium maculatum, Impatiens capensis, Lycopus uniflorus, Scirpus atrovirens, Symplocarpus foetidus, Thelypteris palustris, and Typha spp. Mosses include Climacium dendroides. Where the tall-shrub canopy is open, the graminoids can become dense. Trees are found in many stands, including Acer rubrum, Fraxinus nigra, and Thuja occidentalis (Anderson 1982, Curtis 1959, Harris et al. 1996, MNNHP 1993). Where stands border on saturated conditions with peaty soils, peatland species such as Chamaedaphne calyculata and Sphagnum spp. may be present. Sites are typically along streams, lakeshores, edges of beaver meadows, swales associated with small streams in peatlands or upland forests, or near seeps. Most have little to no slope, but some sites are on moderate slopes. Hydrologic conditions can range from temporarily flooded to seasonally flooded, or even saturated, but are typically seasonally flooded/saturated. The water is non-stagnant, nutrient-rich, and often slightly calcareous (Curtis 1959). Soils are wet, often mucks or peats (Anderson 1982, Chapman et al. 1989). This community is found on Precambrian Shield bedrock that is overlaid with sandy loam soils, which are moderately well-drained and deep (>60 cm). In northeastern Minnesota stands can occur on northeast- and south-facing slopes that are moderate to steep, with slopes ranging from 4 to 45% (Ohmann and Ream 1971). The climate is highly variable, with temperature extremes between -46 and 38 degrees C and 58-91 cm precipitation. COMMENTS: 3, MCS. Type has a very broad distribution and there may be a need to separate a northern (more boreal) type from a southern (more temperate) type based on floristic differences. Hydrology may be quite variable, ranging from temporarily flooded to semipermanently flooded. In Ohio, this association sometimes merges with Alnus serrulata stands in the Alnus serrulata Eastern Shrubland type (CEGL005082). With increasing tree canopy cover, this association can be similar to Larix laricina forest types, Thuja occidentalis saturated forest types and Fraxinus nigra - Acer rubrum saturated forest types. CONSERVATION RANK: G5. DISTRIBUTION: This alder swamp community type is widespread in the midwestern and northeastern United States and southern Canada, ranging from Maine west to Manitoba, south to Iowa, and east to New Jersey. USFS ECOREGIONS: 212Ha:CCP, 212Hb:CCP, 212He:CCP, 212Hh:CCP, 212Hi:CCP, 212Hj:CCP, 212Hk:CCP, 212Hl:CCC, 212Hm:CCP, 212Hn:CCP, 212Ho:CCP, 212Hp:CCP, 212Hq:CCC, 212Hr:CCP, 212Hs:CCP, 212Ht:CCC, 212Hv:CCP, 212Hw:CCP, 212Hy:CCP, 212Ib:CCC, 212Ja:CCP, 212Jb:CCP, 212Jc:CCP, 212Je:CCP, 212Jf:CCC, 212Jj:CCP, 212Jk:CCP, 212Jl:CCP, 212Jm:CCP, 212Jn:CCP, 212Jo:CCP, 212Jr:CCC, 212Ka:CCP, 212Kb:CCC, 212La:CCC, 212Lb:CCC, 212Mb:CPP, 212Na:CCC, 212Nb:CCP, 212Nc:CCC, 221:C, 222Je:CCC, 222Lb:CCC, 222Lc:CCC, 222Mc:CCC, 222Md:CCC, 222Na:CCC, 251Aa:CCC, 251Ab:CCC, M212:C CONSERVATION REGIONS: 34:C, 35:C, 46:C, 47:C, 48:C STATES: IA IL IN MA ME MI MN ND NH NJ NY OH PA WI PROVINCES: MB ON MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IL shrub swamp (N) + IN shrub swamp MI northern shrub thicket = MN alder swamp = OH alder shrub swamp + WI alder thicket = OTHER SYNONYMY: Alder Thicket (Curtis 1959) =, Thicket Swamp: Speckled Alder / Bluejoint Grass type , W35 (Harris et al. 1996) =, Alder Shrub Swamp (Anderson and Barren 1991) = USNVC HIERARCHY: ALNUS INCANA SEASONALLY FLOODED SHRUBLAND ALLIANCE (III.B.2.N.e) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 170
Page 1 and 2: PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST CL
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
Page 5 and 6: OVERVIEW APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
Page 7 and 8: − The USFS (U.S. Forest Service)
Page 9 and 10: Box 2. State Natural Heritage progr
Page 11 and 12: INDEX TO ASSOCIATIONS BY ECOLOGICAL
Page 13: 2.3.4.4. Interior Highlands Shale G
Page 16 and 17: Acid Peatlands: Northern Shrub/Gram
Page 18 and 19: Rich Peat Fens: Northeastern Rich F
Page 20 and 21: Rich Peat Fens: Midwestern Prairie
Page 22 and 23: Seeps: Midwestern Seepage Meadows S
Page 24 and 25: Open and Emergent Marshes: Eastern
Page 30 and 31: * Nonstandard type (needs review) G
Page 32 and 33: Open and Emergent Marshes: Great La
Page 34 and 35: Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Great
Page 36 and 37: Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
Page 38 and 39: Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
Page 40 and 41: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Nort
Page 44 and 45: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Nort
Page 46 and 47: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midw
Page 60 and 61: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Appa
Page 62 and 63: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 64 and 65: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 66 and 67: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 68 and 69: Sphagnum wulfianum, Sphagnum warnst
Page 70 and 71: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 72 and 73: Rocky Shores: Great Lakes Alkaline
Page 74 and 75: Rocky Shores: Appalachian Highlands
Page 76 and 77: Rocky Uplands (Glades, Rock Barrens
Page 78 and 79: DISTRIBUTION: This limestone glade
Page 80 and 81: DISTRIBUTION: This graminoid shale
Page 82 and 83: Cliffs, Talus, Buttes and Badlands:
Page 88 and 89: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 90 and 91: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 92 and 93:
Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern M
Page 94 and 95:
Forests and Woodlands: Appalachian
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Forests and Woodlands: Interior Hig
Page 104 and 105:
Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 106 and 107:
Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 108 and 109:
Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern San
Page 110 and 111:
Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Thi
Page 112 and 113:
Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Dee
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Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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