Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Forests and Woodlands: Appalachian Highlands Dry-mesic Oak Forests and Woodlands Quercus rubra - Acer saccharum - Liriodendron tulipifera Forest Northern Red Oak - Sugar Maple - Tuliptree Forest High Allegheny Rich Red Oak - Sugar Maple Forest CEGL006125 DESCRIPTION: Stands of this red oak - sugar maple forest contain a closed-canopy tree layer. Acer saccharum, Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus alba, and Quercus rubra are the leading dominants. Acer rubrum, Carya ovata, Carya alba (= Carya tomentosa), Nyssa sylvatica, Quercus coccinea, Quercus prinus, and Quercus velutina are possible associates. Liriodendron dominance may indicate a past disturbance history, and Carya spp. may share dominance in some stands. There is evidence (Fleming 1999) that Castanea dentata may have been important in these stands prior to its demise. A wide variety of more mesic associates, such as Betula alleghaniensis, Betula lenta, Fagus grandifolia, and Fraxinus americana, could occur but are negligible in dominance. In addition to Acer saccharum reproduction, some understory species may include Carpinus caroliniana, Cercis canadensis, and Ostrya virginiana. Shrub and vine species include Amelanchier laevis, Amelanchier arborea, Cornus spp., Hamamelis virginiana, Lindera benzoin, Viburnum acerifolium, Viburnum recognitum, and Vitis riparia. Ericaceous shrubs, such as Kalmia latifolia, Vaccinium angustifolium and Vaccinium pallidum, may also be present. The ground layer species are highly variable but include Caulophyllum thalictroides, Dennstaedtia punctilobula, Podophyllum peltatum, Maianthemum racemosum (= Smilacina racemosa), Medeola virginiana, Thelypteris noveboracensis, and Uvularia sessilifolia. Some additional herbs which are constant or abundant in Virginia stands include Ageratina altissima, Bromus pubescens, Actaea racemosa (= Cimicifuga racemosa), Galium circaezans, Galium triflorum, and Polystichum acrostichoides. (Anderson 1982, Reschke 1990, Fike 1999, Fleming 1999). Stands are typically found in coves, on moist north- and east-facing slopes, and on well-drained flats. Soils are slightly acid and of intermediate fertility (Anderson 1982, Reschke 1990, Fike 1999). COMMENTS: 2, ECS. Possible differential species include Liriodendron tulipifera and Magnolia tripetala, though the latter species would restrict the type's concept. Fleming (1999) notes that (in Virginia examples) Liriodendron is "inconstant in mature stands, absent above 975 meters (3200 feet), and dominant only in heavily disturbed, successional stands. According to Anderson (1982) in Ohio, where this community is found in the southeastern unglaciated plateau region, it is differentiated from the oak-maple type, Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Quercus prinus - Acer saccharum / Lindera benzoin Forest (CEGL002059), and the Appalachian oak forest type, Quercus prinus - Quercus (alba, coccinea, velutina) / Viburnum acerifolium - (Kalmia latifolia) Forest (CEGL005023), by the substantial presence (over 20% canopy or basal area) of Liriodendron tulipifera and insignificant amounts of Fagus grandifolia or other mesic tree species. This type concept may overlap considerably with that of the oak-maple type, Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Quercus prinus - Acer saccharum / Lindera benzoin Forest (CEGL002059). Braun (1950, e.g., p. 140) reports stands similar to this type in the Shawnee Hills and Mammoth Cave area of Kentucky, as well as other Interior Low Plateau sites. In New York, this type is reported primarily from the southeastern part of the State (Reschke 1990). CONSERVATION RANK: G. Fleming (1999) cites G4G5 for an equivalent type in Virginia, with a Srank of S4. DISTRIBUTION: This red oak - sugar maple community is found primarily in the Allegheny Plateau and Appalachian Mountain regions of the United States, with possible extensions east and west of those areas, ranging from southeastern New York and New Jersey, south to Virginia and west to Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and southeast Ohio. USFS ECOREGIONS: 212F:CC, 212G:CC, 221D:CC, 221Ea:CCC, 221Ec:CCC, 221Ed:CCC, 221Ee:CCP, 221Ef:CCC, 221F:CC, 221He:CCC, M221Aa:CCC, M221Ab:CCC, M221Ac:CCC, M221Ad:CCC, M221Ba:CCC, M221Bb:CCC, M221Bc:CCC, M221Bd:CC, M221Be:CC, M221Bf:CCC, M221C:C, M221Da:CCP CONSERVATION REGIONS: 48:C, 49:C, 50:C, 59:C, 61:C STATES: NJ NY OH PA VA WV PROVINCES: MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: OH oak-maple forest + OTHER SYNONYMY: Acer saccharum var. saccharum - Quercus rubra - Carya (glabra, ovata) / Ageratina altissima Forest (3.3) (Fleming 1999), Dry-mesic Calcareous Forest (Fleming 1999), Oak-maple-beech-tuliptree mesic forests (matrix) (CAP) USNVC HIERARCHY: QUERCUS RUBRA - (ACER SACCHARUM) FOREST ALLIANCE (I.B.2.N.a) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 440
Forests and Woodlands: Appalachian Highlands Mixed Mesophytic/Cove Forests Liriodendron tulipifera - Tilia americana var. heterophylla - Aesculus flava - Acer saccharum / Magnolia tripetala Forest Tuliptree - Appalachian Basswood - Yellow Buckeye - Sugar Maple / Umbrella Magnolia Forest Northern Mixed Mesophytic Forest CEGL005222 DESCRIPTION: The tree canopy is often tall, closed and contains a variety of tree species, including Acer saccharum, Acer rubrum, Fagus grandifolia, Fraxinus americana, Liriodendron tulipifera, Prunus serotina, Quercus alba, and Quercus rubra. Trees indicative of the type include Aesculus flava and Tilia americana var. heterophylla. Magnolia acuminata occurs locally. Frequent vines and shrubs include Asimina triloba, Carpinus caroliniana, Hamamelis virginiana, Lindera benzoin, Staphylea trifolia, and, more locally, Magnolia tripetala and Rhododendron maximum. The herbaceous layer is extremely rich, including Caulophyllum thalictroides, Actaea racemosa (= Cimicifuga racemosa), Claytonia virginica, Dicentra canadensis, Erythronium americanum, Sanguinaria canadensis, Tiarella cordifolia, Trillium erectum, Trillium grandiflorum, and many others (Anderson 1982, Fike 1999). Stands occur on mesic slopes and steep ravines or bottoms. COMMENTS: 3, MCS. Trees indicative of the type include Aesculus flava and Tilia americana var. heterophylla. In Ohio, however, these are restricted to the more southern parts of Ohio, which, depending on the definition of the type, may restrict its concept. Stands strongly dominated by beech and maple go with the Beech - Maple Unglaciated Forest, Fagus grandifolia - Acer saccharum - Liriodendron tulipifera Unglaciated Forest (CEGL002411); by beech and white oak with the White Oak - Beech Western Allegheny Forest, Quercus alba - Fagus grandifolia Western Allegheny Plateau Forest (CEGL006144); and by at least 25% hemlock with the East-Central Hemlock Hardwood Forest, Tsuga canadensis - Fagus grandifolia - Acer saccharum / (Hamamelis virginiana, Kalmia latifolia) Forest (CEGL005043). In Indiana this type occurs in the southeastern part of the Bluegrass Region, where it is found on calcareous substrates. Mike Homoya of the Indiana Heritage Program has species list. More information is needed to distinguish these more northern (Central Appalachian) mixed mesophytic forests from similar forests in the southern Appalachians. Further divisions may be warranted. CONSERVATION RANK: G. DISTRIBUTION: This type is found primarily in the Central Appalachian, Western Allegheny Plateau, and Cumberland Plateau regions of the United States, ranging from southern Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio south to West Virginia and Tennessee, with outliers in Indiana. USFS ECOREGIONS: 221E:CC, 221Ha:CPP, 221Hb:CPP, 221Hc:CPP, 221He:CPP, 222E:CC, 222F:CC, M221Bb:CCC, M221Bd:CCC, M221Be:CCC, M221Cd:CCC CONSERVATION REGIONS: 44:C, 49:P, 50:C, 59:C STATES: IN KY OH PA TN WV PROVINCES: MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IN mesic upland forest + OH mixed mesophytic forest = OTHER SYNONYMY: Typic Mesophytic Forest (Allard 1990) USNVC HIERARCHY: LIRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA - TILIA AMERICANA VAR. HETEROPHYLLA - AESCULUS FLAVA - ACER SACCHARUM FOREST ALLIANCE (I.B.2.N.a) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 441
Page 1 and 2:
PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST CL
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTS APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
Page 5 and 6:
OVERVIEW APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
Page 7 and 8:
− The USFS (U.S. Forest Service)
Page 9 and 10:
Box 2. State Natural Heritage progr
Page 11 and 12:
INDEX TO ASSOCIATIONS BY ECOLOGICAL
Page 13:
2.3.4.4. Interior Highlands Shale G
Page 16 and 17:
Acid Peatlands: Northern Shrub/Gram
Page 18 and 19:
Rich Peat Fens: Northeastern Rich F
Page 20 and 21:
Rich Peat Fens: Midwestern Prairie
Page 22 and 23:
Seeps: Midwestern Seepage Meadows S
Page 24 and 25:
Open and Emergent Marshes: Eastern
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
* Nonstandard type (needs review) G
Page 32 and 33:
Open and Emergent Marshes: Great La
Page 34 and 35:
Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Great
Page 36 and 37:
Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
Page 38 and 39:
Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
Page 40 and 41:
Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Nort
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midw
Page 48 and 49: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midw
Page 60 and 61: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Appa
Page 62 and 63: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 64 and 65: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 66 and 67: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 68 and 69: Sphagnum wulfianum, Sphagnum warnst
Page 70 and 71: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 72 and 73: Rocky Shores: Great Lakes Alkaline
Page 74 and 75: Rocky Shores: Appalachian Highlands
Page 76 and 77: Rocky Uplands (Glades, Rock Barrens
Page 78 and 79: DISTRIBUTION: This limestone glade
Page 80 and 81: DISTRIBUTION: This graminoid shale
Page 82 and 83: Cliffs, Talus, Buttes and Badlands:
Page 88 and 89: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 90 and 91: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 92 and 93: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern M
Page 94 and 95: Forests and Woodlands: Appalachian
Page 102 and 103: Forests and Woodlands: Interior Hig
Page 104 and 105: Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 106 and 107: Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 108 and 109: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern San
Page 110 and 111: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Thi
Page 112 and 113: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Dee
show all

Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?