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Forests and Woodlands: Interior Highlands Dry-mesic Oak Forests and Woodlands Quercus prinus / Smilax spp. Forest Rock Chestnut Oak / Greenbrier Species Forest Chestnut Oak Forest CEGL005022 DESCRIPTION: Trees in this forest make their best growth on steep lower slopes of small spur ridges. Individual trees are medium in size (8-20 m), with open, spreading, and often irregularly shaped crowns. Canopy closure is around 80-90%. Dominant tree species include Quercus prinus, with some Quercus alba, Quercus velutina, and Quercus coccinea. The understory is poorly developed (less than 50% cover), consisting of scattered, open-grown trees and shrubs, including Vaccinium arboreum. Ground cover consists of mixed herbaceous species and is generally sparse (less than 20%), with an abundance of lichens and mosses occurring on exposed rock and dead wood. Typical herbaceous species include Antennaria plantaginifolia and Danthonia spicata (TNC 1995a). Stands occur on dry sandy, rocky, and gravelly, non-calcareous, thin to deep upland soils of steep mid and upper slopes of hills, bluffs and ridges. Aspect is generally southern and western. Bedrock is predominantly sandstone (sometimes chert), with boulders and rock fragments at or near the surface (TNC 1995a). Occasional fire, wind, and lightning damage occurs. Seasonal drought can be severe. COMMENTS: 2, MCS. In Illinois, Smilax spp. are not as common as in Indiana. Some stands may have more of a mixed oak component. Type is also found in the Shawnee Hill region of Kentucky. Distribution of this type in the Southeast needs to be assessed. This community is conceptually related to Quercus prinus - Quercus (alba, coccinea, velutina) / Viburnum acerifolium - (Kalmia latifolia) Forest (CEGL005023), which is a more dry-mesic and diverse forest. CONSERVATION RANK: G3G5. DISTRIBUTION: This chestnut oak / greenbrier forest type is found in the Interior Low Plateau region of the United States, ranging from southern Illinois east to southern Ohio and south to Kentucky and possibly Tennessee. USFS ECOREGIONS: 221D:PP, 221Ec:PPP, 221Ed:PPP, 221Ef:PPP, 221H:PP, 221I:PP, 222Aq:CCC, 222Da:CCP, 222Db:CCC, 222Dc:CCP, 222De:CCC, 222Dg:CCP, 222Dh:CCP, 222Dj:CCP, 222Ei:CCC, 222Ek:CCP, 222El:CCC, 222Em:CCC, 231A:PP, 231C:PP, 231D:PP, M221A:PP, M221C:P CONSERVATION REGIONS: 38:C, 44:C, 50: STATES: IL IN KY OH TN PROVINCES: MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IL dry upland forest (S) + IN dry upland forest + OH appalachian oak forest OTHER SYNONYMY: Dry Upland Forest B. Other names listed rely upon moisture availability, topographic position, and bedrock to establish community boundaries., Dry Sandstone Forest B. Other names listed rely upon moisture availability, topographic position, and bedrock to establish community boundaries. USNVC HIERARCHY: QUERCUS PRINUS - (QUERCUS COCCINEA, QUERCUS VELUTINA) FOREST ALLIANCE (I.B.2.N.a) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 462
Forests and Woodlands: Interior Highlands Mesic Hardwood Forests Fagus grandifolia - Acer saccharum - Liriodendron tulipifera Unglaciated Forest American Beech - Sugar Maple - Tuliptree Unglaciated Forest Beech - Maple Unglaciated Forest CEGL002411 DESCRIPTION: The vegetation is dominated by a closed-canopy forest with a well-developed tall-shrub layer. The forest canopy is dominated by Fagus grandifolia and Acer saccharum. Other canopy species include Liriodendron tulipifera, Liquidambar styraciflua, Fraxinus americana, Quercus rubra, Carya glabra, and Carya cordiformis. Shrubs commonly found in this community are Asimina triloba and Lindera benzoin. Herbaceous species are diverse, forming a dense cover. They include Adiantum pedatum, Arisaema triphyllum, Asarum canadense, Carex blanda, Dicentra canadensis, Dioscorea quaternata, Galium circaezans, Menispermum canadense, Phegopteris hexagonoptera, Polystichum acrostichoides, and Sanguinaria canadensis. The large size of dominant canopy species (over 30 m tall), herbaceous diversity, and accumulated litter emphasize the high degree of mesophytism (TNC 1995a). Stands occur on unglaciated terraces and mesic slopes of maturely dissected plateaus and submontane regions. The aspect is neutral on sandy alluvial terraces and is northern to eastern on slopes. Soils are moderately well-drained, moist, rich, and deep (100+ cm). In Crowley's Ridge, stands occur on moderate slopes of hills and valleys and on knolls or ridges of large alluvial terraces. Canopy openings due to wind throws are the most common form of natural disturbance. COMMENTS: 2, MCS. Braun (1950, p. 141-150) describes these beech - maple forests in the Hill Section of her Western Mesophytic Forest Region. Dry-mesic forests, in which Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, and Carya ovata dominate, often have American beech and sugar maple regeneration due to an increased availability of moisture when mature oaks are removed. Where logging is heavy in these oak - hickory stands, second-growth regeneration is often dominated by sugar maple and, to a lesser extent, American beech. Classification under these circumstances can be difficult. Conversely, where sugar maple is selectively removed by logging, American beech can occur in pure stands. Forests from the southern part of Crowley's Ridge (Arkansas) are placed in Fagus grandifolia - Quercus alba - Liriodendron tulipifera / Hydrangea arborescens / Schisandra glabra Forest (CEGL004663), where Acer saccharum is not a big component and Quercus alba is more common. This type may apply to other parts of Crowley's Ridge, but more information is needed. CONSERVATION RANK: G4. Many community occurrences have been extensively logged, and the canopy openings favor regeneration of Acer saccharum. In Crowley's Ridge Section of Missouri, this community is rare and confined to protected valleys (Vancil Hollow Natural Area), but it has been so extensively eliminated that its classification is problematic. It is probably eliminated in the Lowlands Section of the state. Possible occurrences in Arkansas need to be examined further. DISTRIBUTION: This beech - maple forest is found in unglaciated areas of the east-central United States, ranging from southern Pennsylvania and Maryland southwest to southeastern Missouri, Kentucky and Tennessee, and possibly Arkansas. USFS ECOREGIONS: 221Ea:CCC, 221Ec:CCC, 221Ed:CCC, 221Ef:CCC, 221Eg:CCC, 221Ha:CCP, 221Hb:CCC, 221He:CCP, 221I:CP, 221J:CP, 222Ak:CP, 222Ao:CPP, 222Aq:CPP, 222Ca:CPP, 222Ch:CPP, 222Db:CCC, 222Dc:CCC, 222De:CCC, 222Df:CCC, 222Dh:CCP, 222Di:CCC, 222Ei:CCC, 222Ek:CCC, 222El:CCC, 222Em:CCC, 222En:CCP, 222Eo:CCP, 222Fa:CCP, 222Fb:CCC, 222Fc:CCC, 222Fd:CCC, 222Fe:CCC, 222Ff:CCC, 222Gc:CCC, 222Gd:CCP, 222Hc:CCC, 234Ab:CCC, 234Ac:CCC, 234An:CCP, M221Ab:CCP, M221Ac:CCC, M221Ad:CCP, M221Ba:CCC, M221Bb:CCC, M221Da:CPP CONSERVATION REGIONS: 38:C, 42:C, 43:C, 44:C, 45:C, 49:C, 50:P, 59:C STATES: AR IL IN KY MD MO OH PA TN WV PROVINCES: MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IL mesic upland forest (S) + IN mesic upland forest + MO mesic forest; mesic sand forest I OH beech-sugar maple forest + OTHER SYNONYMY: Western Mesophytic Forest (Braun 1950) I. The terms "western mesophytic" and "mesic upland" rely upon moisture and topographic position to establish community boundaries., Beech - Maple Forest (Braun 1950) I. The "Beech - Maple Forest" community also includes a significant forest community type of the glaciated mesic forests of the northeastern United States., Fagus - Acer saccharum - Liriodendron / Rhus radicans Community (Voigt and Mohlenbrock 1964) =, Coastal Plain mesophytic cane forest (Evans 1991), Beech-maple-tuliptree forest (matrix, large patch) (CAP) USNVC HIERARCHY: FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA - ACER SACCHARUM - (LIRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA) FOREST ALLIANCE (I.B.2.N.a) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 467
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PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST CL
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CONTENTS APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
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OVERVIEW APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
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− The USFS (U.S. Forest Service)
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Box 2. State Natural Heritage progr
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INDEX TO ASSOCIATIONS BY ECOLOGICAL
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2.3.4.4. Interior Highlands Shale G
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Acid Peatlands: Northern Shrub/Gram
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Rich Peat Fens: Northeastern Rich F
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Rich Peat Fens: Midwestern Prairie
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Seeps: Midwestern Seepage Meadows S
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Open and Emergent Marshes: Eastern
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Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
* Nonstandard type (needs review) G
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Open and Emergent Marshes: Great La
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Great
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
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Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Nort
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Page 44 and 45:
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Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midw
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Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midw
Page 60 and 61: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Appa
Page 62 and 63: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 64 and 65: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 66 and 67: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 68 and 69: Sphagnum wulfianum, Sphagnum warnst
Page 70 and 71: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 72 and 73: Rocky Shores: Great Lakes Alkaline
Page 74 and 75: Rocky Shores: Appalachian Highlands
Page 76 and 77: Rocky Uplands (Glades, Rock Barrens
Page 78 and 79: DISTRIBUTION: This limestone glade
Page 80 and 81: DISTRIBUTION: This graminoid shale
Page 82 and 83: Cliffs, Talus, Buttes and Badlands:
Page 88 and 89: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 90 and 91: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 92 and 93: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern M
Page 94 and 95: Forests and Woodlands: Appalachian
Page 104 and 105: Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 106 and 107: Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 108 and 109: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern San
Page 110 and 111: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Thi
Page 112 and 113: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Dee
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Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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