Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midwestern Rich Hardwood Swamps Quercus palustris - Quercus bicolor - (Liquidambar styraciflua) Mixed Hardwood Forest Pin Oak - Swamp White Oak - (Sweetgum) Mixed Hardwood Forest Pin Oak Mixed Hardwood Forest CEGL002432 DESCRIPTION: Stands contain a closed to partially open canopy dominated by Quercus palustris and Acer rubrum. Oaks should comprise at least 25% of the dominants. Other typical canopy associates may dominate, including Liquidambar styraciflua, Nyssa sylvatica, and Quercus bicolor. Other wetland hardwood species can occur, including Acer saccharinum, Betula nigra, Quercus macrocarpa, and Quercus rubra. Shrub and vine species are variable and may include Cornus spp., Lindera benzoin, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, and Sambucus canadensis. Herbaceous species also vary widely (see Anderson 1996 maple-ash-oak type for a list of species). Some herbs reported from this or related vegetation in the bluegrass basin of Kentucky by Bryant (1978) include Lycopus virginicus, Alisma subcordatum, Ludwigia alternifolia, Penthorum sedoides, Polygala sanguinea, Polygala verticillata, Polygonum sagittatum, Conoclinium coelestinum (= Eupatorium coelestinum), Eupatorium perfoliatum, Mimulus ringens, Liparis liliifolia, Platanthera peramoena, Saururus cernuus, Ophioglossum engelmannii, Carex squarrosa, Scirpus atrovirens, Juncus effusus, Eleocharis spp., and Luzula sp. This more acidic swamp vegetation would be unusual in the Central Bluegrass, but occurs more frequently in the Knobs Transition Region (Meijer et al. 1981). This community is found on flat, poorly drained areas. Many stands are seasonally wet, with a seasonally saturated hydrology. It is primarily, but not exclusively, found in unglaciated terrain. Habitat in Kentucky includes terraces which are not frequently flooded, or in upland swales in the Karst Plain. COMMENTS: 3, MCS. Type is similar to Quercus palustris - Quercus bicolor - Nyssa sylvatica - Acer rubrum Sand Flatwoods Forest (CEGL002100); it should also be compared with Quercus bicolor / Vaccinium corymbosum / Carex stipata Forest (CEGL006241). Related Arkansas vegetation is found in Quercus palustris Pond Forest (CEGL007809). This type is broadly defined to include stands with Quercus palustris, Quercus bicolor, and Acer rubrum as dominants, and Liquidambar styraciflua as a diagnostic species. Perhaps Quercus palustris and Quercus bicolor should together represent between 25-50% of the dominance (cover, basal area). However, there are stands in central Illinois and Missouri beyond the range of Liquidambar styraciflua that have been placed, at least temporarily, in this type. Stands in the Western Allegheny Plateau ecoregion may differ from stands further west. Stands in central Indiana and northwest Ohio (lakeplain) with Fagus grandifolia and Quercus palustris are placed in Fagus grandifolia - Acer saccharum - Quercus bicolor - Acer rubrum Flatwoods Forest (CEGL005173) or without beech, with Quercus bicolor, and till or clayey lacustrine deposits into Quercus palustris - Quercus bicolor - Acer rubrum Flatwoods Forest (CEGL005037). This community is found in extreme southwest Ohio on the Illinoisan till plain. In Indiana, which also contains the Illinoisan till plain, the type occurs more widely. Bryant (1978) reports forests on "flat, poorly drained land" in an abandoned Pliocene channel of the Kentucky River in the Inner Bluegrass Subsection (222Fa). CONSERVATION RANK: G3G4. Many stands have been drained and converted to agriculture (M. Leahy pers. comm. 1999). DISTRIBUTION: This pin oak - swamp white oak forest community type is found in the central United States, ranging from Iowa, Missouri, Kentucky, and Tennessee east in a band to southwestern Ohio and possibly to Pennsylvania and West Virginia. USFS ECOREGIONS: 221Ec:CCP, 221Ed:CCP, 221Ef:CCC, 221Eg:CCC, 221F:CC, 221He:CCC, 222Ab:C, 222Ag:C, 222Ch:CPP, 222Db:CCC, 222De:CCP, 222Di:CCP, 222Ej:CCC, 222Ek:CCP, 222Em:CCC, 222Fa:CCC, 222Fe:CCC, 222Ff:CCC, 222Ga:CCC, 222Gc:CCC, 222Ge:CCC, 222H:CC, 234An:CCC, 251Cc:CCC, 251Cf:CCC, M222Ab:C CONSERVATION REGIONS: 36:C, 38:, 42:C, 43:, 44:C, 48:C, 49:C, 50:C STATES: IA IL IN KY MO OH PA TN WV PROVINCES: MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IL wet floodplain forest (S); wet-mesic floodplain forest (N) I IN wet-mesic floodplain forest + MO wet-mesic bottomland forest + OH maple-ash-oak swamps + OTHER SYNONYMY: maple-ash-oak swamps (Anderson 1996) B. Anderson (1996) appears to lump maple-ash and maple-ash-oak together. Here, they are separated, as done in Anderson (1982) with maple-ash having less than 25% oaks., pin oak-red maple-elm-sweet gum associes (Braun 1936) USNVC HIERARCHY: QUERCUS PALUSTRIS - (QUERCUS BICOLOR) SEASONALLY FLOODED FOREST ALLIANCE (I.B.2.N.e) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 175
Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midwestern Rich Shrub Swamps Cephalanthus occidentalis / Carex spp. Northern Shrubland Buttonbush / Sedge Species Northern Shrubland Northern Buttonbush Swamp CEGL002190 DESCRIPTION: The shrub layer can vary from very open to closed (20-80%). Cephalanthus occidentalis typically comprises nearly 90% of the shrub layer in waters 1-2 m deep. Other shrubs commonly encountered include Cornus sericea, Decodon verticillatus, Ilex verticillata, Rosa palustris, and Salix nigra. The herbaceous layer can be very sparse, due to flooding. Rooted or floating aquatics may dominate, including Lemna minor and Nuphar lutea ssp. advena (= Nuphar advena). Herbs present on the shallow margins include Bidens frondosa, Boehmeria cylindrica, Carex lacustris, Glyceria striata, and others. In Missouri Hibiscus laevis (= Hibiscus militaris) is common. A scattered tree canopy may occur, including the following species: Acer rubrum, Acer saccharinum, Fraxinus nigra, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, and Ulmus americana (Anderson 1996, Faber-Langendoen and Maycock 1989). This wet shrubland community occupies shallow water depressions, oxbow ponds, and backwater sloughs of stream and river floodplains throughout swampy forested areas in glaciated terrain. Inundation is usually continuous throughout the year, but these sites can become dry in mid or late summer or during periods of prolonged drought (Faber-Langendoen and Maycock 1989). Soils are deep (>100 cm) consisting of peat or muck over alluvial parent material. COMMENTS: 2, MCS. The limits of glaciation used to define the southern boundary of this type include all glacial periods. It may, however, be more practical to use the ecoregion map divisions, such that the southern limit is approximately equal to the southern boundaries of Sections 251C, 222G, 222H and 221F. A rule as to the percentage dominance of Cephalanthus occidentalis (e.g. at least 50% cover) is probably needed to distinguish this type from dogwood-willow swamps. See also Cephalanthus occidentalis Semipermanently Flooded Shrubland [Placeholder] (CEGL003908), found in Lower New England and the mid-Atlantic and central Appalachian regions of the eastern United States. CONSERVATION RANK: G4. DISTRIBUTION: This buttonbush swamp shrubland community occurs throughout glaciated regions of the midwestern and northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ranging from northern Missouri north to southern Michigan, east to Ohio and southern Ontario, and south to Indiana and Illinois. USFS ECOREGIONS: 212Hv:CCC, 221Ec:CPP, 221Ed:CPP, 221Ef:CPP, 221Fa:CCC, 221Fc:CCC, 222Ga:CCC, 222Gb:CCC, 222Ge:CCC, 222Ha:CCC, 222Hb:CCC, 222Hf:CCP, 222Jb:CCC, 222Jc:CCC, 222Jh:CCC, 222Ji:CCC, 222Jj:CCC, 222Kg:CCC, 222Kh:CCC, 222Kj:CCC, 251Cc:CCC, 251Cf:CCC, 251Cj:CCC, 251Ck:CCC, 251Dd:CCP, 251De:CCP, 251Dg:CCC, 251Dh:CCP, M221:P CONSERVATION REGIONS: 36:C, 44:C, 45:C, 46:C, 48:C, 49:C STATES: IL IN MI MO OH PROVINCES: ON MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IL pond (N); pond (S); shrub swamp (N) I IN shrub swamp + MI inundated shrub swamp = MO shrub swamp + OH buttonbush shrub swamp = OTHER SYNONYMY: USNVC HIERARCHY: CEPHALANTHUS OCCIDENTALIS SEMIPERMANENTLY FLOODED SHRUBLAND ALLIANCE (III.B.2.N.f) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 176
Page 1 and 2: PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST CL
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
Page 5 and 6: OVERVIEW APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
Page 7 and 8: − The USFS (U.S. Forest Service)
Page 9 and 10: Box 2. State Natural Heritage progr
Page 11 and 12: INDEX TO ASSOCIATIONS BY ECOLOGICAL
Page 13: 2.3.4.4. Interior Highlands Shale G
Page 16 and 17: Acid Peatlands: Northern Shrub/Gram
Page 18 and 19: Rich Peat Fens: Northeastern Rich F
Page 20 and 21: Rich Peat Fens: Midwestern Prairie
Page 22 and 23: Seeps: Midwestern Seepage Meadows S
Page 24 and 25: Open and Emergent Marshes: Eastern
Page 30 and 31: * Nonstandard type (needs review) G
Page 32 and 33: Open and Emergent Marshes: Great La
Page 34 and 35: Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Great
Page 36 and 37: Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
Page 38 and 39: Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
Page 40 and 41: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Nort
Page 48 and 49: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midw
Page 60 and 61: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Appa
Page 62 and 63: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 64 and 65: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 66 and 67: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 68 and 69: Sphagnum wulfianum, Sphagnum warnst
Page 70 and 71: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 72 and 73: Rocky Shores: Great Lakes Alkaline
Page 74 and 75: Rocky Shores: Appalachian Highlands
Page 76 and 77: Rocky Uplands (Glades, Rock Barrens
Page 78 and 79: DISTRIBUTION: This limestone glade
Page 80 and 81: DISTRIBUTION: This graminoid shale
Page 82 and 83: Cliffs, Talus, Buttes and Badlands:
Page 88 and 89: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 90 and 91: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 92 and 93: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern M
Page 94 and 95: Forests and Woodlands: Appalachian
Page 96 and 97:
Forests and Woodlands: Appalachian
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Forests and Woodlands: Interior Hig
Page 104 and 105:
Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 106 and 107:
Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 108 and 109:
Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern San
Page 110 and 111:
Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Thi
Page 112 and 113:
Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Dee
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Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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