Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern Mesic Oak and Oak-Maple Forests Quercus rubra - (Acer saccharum, Quercus alba) Forest Northern Red Oak - (Sugar Maple, White Oak) Forest Red Oak - Sugar Maple - Elm Forest CEGL005017 DESCRIPTION: The vegetation is comprised of a closed-canopy tree layer. The major tree dominant is Quercus rubra. Other associates may include Acer saccharum, Quercus alba, and Ulmus americana. The subcanopy and sapling layers often contain Prunus virginiana or Prunus serotina. Further characterization of this type is needed. The oak stands generally are found on either mesic sites protected from fire or on drier slopes, where, historically, fires could sweep through, but where fire protection is creating more mesic conditions. This type may occur where, historically, fires were more prevalent; current stands may represent both mesic stands protected from fire, and somewhat more dry-mesic stands protected from fire that are shifting from oak dominance to maple, basswood and elm dominance. COMMENTS: 3, MCS. This type is poorly understood; current stands may represent both mesic stands protected from fire, and somewhat more dry-mesic stands represent a successional type shifting from oak dominance to maple, basswood and elm dominance. The type concept should probably be restricted to be south of Province 212 (Bailey et al. 1994), and north of the limits of glaciation. Stands in Ohio may differ from those further west. See also Kline and Cottam (1979) where a white oak - maple forest type is described in the prairie - forest border. Stands in southern Indiana need to be compared with other red oak-maple types in the alliance as well as Acer saccharum - Carya cordiformis Temporarily Flooded Forest Alliance (A.302). CONSERVATION RANK: GQ. DISTRIBUTION: This community is found in the northern prairie-forest border and central midwestern region of the United States, ranging from western Ohio, west to southern Minnesota, south to Iowa, and east to Indiana. USFS ECOREGIONS: 221Eg:CCC, 221Fa:CCC, 222Aq:CCC, 222Fd:CCC, 222Ga:CCC, 222Ha:CCC, 222Hb:CCC, 222Hc:CCC, 222Jb:CCC, 222Jc:CCC, 222Jg:CCC, 222Kg:CCC, 222L:CP, 222M:CP, 251Cf:CCC, 251Ci:CCC, 251Cj:CCC, 251Dc:CCC, 251De:CCC, 251Dg:CCC CONSERVATION REGIONS: 36:C, 44:C, 45:C, 48:C, 49:C STATES: IA IL IN OH WI PROVINCES: ON MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IL mesic upland forest (S); mesic upland forest (N) I IN dry-mesic upland forest + OH oak-maple forest WI southern dry-mesic forest (mesic red oak subtype) = OTHER SYNONYMY: USNVC HIERARCHY: QUERCUS RUBRA - (ACER SACCHARUM) FOREST ALLIANCE (I.B.2.N.a) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 417
Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern Mesic Hardwood Forests Fagus grandifolia - Acer saccharum Glaciated Midwest Forest American Beech - Sugar Maple Glaciated Midwest Forest Beech - Maple Glaciated Forest CEGL005013 DESCRIPTION: This community is characterized by a dense to moderately dense canopy of deciduous trees, an absent to sparse shrub layer, and a moderately to well-developed herbaceous layer. The canopy formed by the overstory trees and smaller saplings greatly reduces the amount of light that reaches lower vegetation strata. This canopy is composed primarily of Acer saccharum and Fagus grandifolia. Liriodendron tulipifera is sometimes codominant and Carpinus caroliniana, Fraxinus americana, Ostrya virginiana, Quercus rubra, Tilia americana, and Ulmus americana are often present in the canopy or subcanopy. Diervilla lonicera, Euonymus obovata, Lonicera canadensis, Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa (= Sambucus pubens), and Viburnum spp. are typical shrubs. The herbaceous layer is often diverse, typically including spring ephemerals. Common species include Arisaema triphyllum (= Arisaema atrorubens), Dryopteris intermedia, Galium aparine, Maianthemum canadense (in northern stands), Maianthemum racemosum, Osmorhiza claytonii, Podophyllum peltatum, Polygonatum biflorum, Trillium grandiflorum, and Viola spp. This community is found on flat to rolling topography (Braun 1950, Pell and Mack 1977). In the southern parts of its range, it is more likely to be found on steeper slopes than in the northern portion (Braun 1950). The soils are predominantly silt loam, loam, or sandy loam and develop over glacial till of Wisconsin age (Braun 1950, Dodge and Harman 1985). This community was found to develop on sites with till 0.4-4.0 m thick in southern Michigan (Dodge and Harman 1985). COMMENTS: 1, MCS. Wisconsin glaciation history is used to define the southern limits of this type, and further work is needed to determine how floristically distinct these glaciated stands are from southern unglaciated stands, which are placed in the Fagus grandifolia - Acer saccharum - Liriodendron tulipifera Unglaciated Forest (CEGL002411). Liriodendron tulipifera and other southern hardwoods, such as Liquidambar styraciflua, are much less constant in this type compared to the unglaciated stands, as is, perhaps, Asimina triloba. Northward, Betula alleghaniensis and Betula papyrifera are very infrequent compared to Acer saccharum - Fagus grandifolia - Betula spp. / Maianthemum canadense Forest (CEGL005004). In New York and Pennsylvania this type may cover both the glaciated lake till plain and perhaps some parts of the glaciated Allegheny Plateau, consistent with its distribution in Ohio. Arguing for this is the low dominance or absence of Liriodendron tulipifera, low dominance of Betula spp., and the high dominance of Tilia americana. On the other hand, the presence of Betula lenta, and perhaps that of Tsuga canadensis, in that region are somewhat unusual for this type, indicating the more Allegheny influence. And the inclusion of both glaciated till plain and plateau habitats in the type would broaden the environmental parameters. This type may be in east-central Illinois (Vermillion County, near Danville), but is largely extirpated (B. McClain pers. comm. 1999). Stands still occur across the stateline in Indiana. CONSERVATION RANK: G3G4. One hundred and fifty-five occurrences have been documented: 3 in Illinois (where the community is ranked S4), 86 in Indiana (S3), 36 in Michigan (S3), and 30 in Ohio (S3). Although no other occurrences have been documented, the community is also reported in Ontario (S), and it may occur in New York (SP). Sizes of 129 occurrences total 8895 acres. This type was once a widespread matrix forest that now occupies small remnants, often less than 500 acres in size. DISTRIBUTION: This upland forest community is found in the southern Great Lakes area of the United States and Canada, ranging from Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan, east to Ontario and western New York. USFS ECOREGIONS: 212Fa:PP, 212Fb:PPP, 221Fa:CCC, 221Fb:CC, 221Fc:CCC, 222De:CCC, 222Ga:CCC, 222Gc:CCC, 222Gd:CCC, 222Ha:CCC, 222Hb:CCC, 222Hc:CCC, 222Hd:CCC, 222Hf:CCC, 222Ia:CC, 222Ib:CC, 222Ic:CC, 222Id:CCP, 222If:CCC, 222Ja:CCC, 222Jb:CCC, 222Jc:CCC, 222Jd:CCC, 222Jg:CCC, 222Jh:CCC, 222Ji:CCC, 222Jj:CCC, 222Kj:CCC, 251De:CCC CONSERVATION REGIONS: 36:C, 44:C, 45:C, 48:C, 49:C STATES: IL IN MI NY OH PROVINCES: ON MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IL mesic upland forest (S) + IN mesic upland forest + MI mesic southern forest - beech-sugar maple-basswood = OH beech-sugar maple forest + OTHER SYNONYMY: Beech - Maple Forest Region (Braun 1950) I, Warren's Woods (Cain 1935) =, Fagus grandifolia - Acer saccharum - Podophyllum peltatum association (Pell and Mack 1977) = USNVC HIERARCHY: FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA - ACER SACCHARUM - (LIRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA) FOREST ALLIANCE (I.B.2.N.a) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 421
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PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST CL
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CONTENTS APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
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OVERVIEW APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
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− The USFS (U.S. Forest Service)
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Box 2. State Natural Heritage progr
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INDEX TO ASSOCIATIONS BY ECOLOGICAL
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2.3.4.4. Interior Highlands Shale G
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Acid Peatlands: Northern Shrub/Gram
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Rich Peat Fens: Northeastern Rich F
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Rich Peat Fens: Midwestern Prairie
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Seeps: Midwestern Seepage Meadows S
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Open and Emergent Marshes: Eastern
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Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
* Nonstandard type (needs review) G
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Open and Emergent Marshes: Great La
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Great
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
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Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Nort
Page 42 and 43: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Nort
Page 44 and 45: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Nort
Page 46 and 47: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midw
Page 60 and 61: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Appa
Page 62 and 63: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 64 and 65: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 66 and 67: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 68 and 69: Sphagnum wulfianum, Sphagnum warnst
Page 70 and 71: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 72 and 73: Rocky Shores: Great Lakes Alkaline
Page 74 and 75: Rocky Shores: Appalachian Highlands
Page 76 and 77: Rocky Uplands (Glades, Rock Barrens
Page 78 and 79: DISTRIBUTION: This limestone glade
Page 80 and 81: DISTRIBUTION: This graminoid shale
Page 82 and 83: Cliffs, Talus, Buttes and Badlands:
Page 88 and 89: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 90 and 91: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 94 and 95: Forests and Woodlands: Appalachian
Page 102 and 103: Forests and Woodlands: Interior Hig
Page 104 and 105: Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 106 and 107: Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 108 and 109: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern San
Page 110 and 111: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Thi
Page 112 and 113: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Dee
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Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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