Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midwestern Sand Oak Savannas/Barrens Quercus velutina - (Quercus alba) - Quercus ellipsoidalis / Schizachyrium scoparium - Lupinus perennis Wooded Herbaceous Vegetation Black Oak - (White Oak) - Northern Pin Oak / Little Bluestem - Wild Lupine Wooded Herbaceous Vegetation Black Oak / Lupine Barrens CEGL002492 DESCRIPTION: Canopy structure varies from a dominant herbaceous ground layer with sparse, scattered 'savanna' canopy (5-30%), through oak-dominated scrub, to a more closed 'woodland' canopy (30-80%). The canopy layer is dominated by Quercus velutina, with some Quercus ellipsoidalis and Quercus alba, the latter more common eastward and in woodland conditions. Occasional Pinus banksiana can occur in the northern parts of the range. Tree height varies from 5-15 m. A subcanopy layer may be composed of the preceding species or Prunus serotina, Sassafras albidum, and Carya ovata. Tall shrubs may include Cornus amomum, Cornus foemina, Corylus americana, and Rhus glabra. The low-shrub/scrub layer typically contains Ceanothus americanus, Rosa spp. (such as Rosa carolina), and Rubus allegheniensis, but may contain ericaceous shrubs, such as Gaylussacia baccata, Vaccinium angustifolium and Vaccinium pallidum. The herb layer is dominated by graminoids, such as Andropogon gerardii, Carex pensylvanica, and Schizachyrium scoparium. Typical forbs include Antennaria neglecta, Antennaria plantaginifolia, Euphorbia corollata, Helianthemum bicknellii, Helianthemum canadense, Lespedeza capitata, Lithospermum caroliniense (Minnesota), Lithospermum canescens (Wisconsin), Lupinus perennis, and Pteridium aquilinum. Forb dominance may increase as woody cover increases (Anderson 1996, Curtis 1959, MNNHP 1993). This community generally occurs on well-drained, coarse-textured, sandy, infertile soils derived from glacial outwash, high gravelly/sandy moraines, or lakeplain dune systems. Soils vary from almost pure sand to sandy loam. COMMENTS: 1, MCS. A black oak woodland variant or phase may occur, but because Quercus velutina can sprout after stems have been killed by fires, stands generally have a somewhat scrubby structure that can vary from 10-60% cover over time. Indiana reports a mesic sand savanna stand. Does it belong here Oak-pine barrens of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota are not included in this type. CONSERVATION RANK: G3. Twelve occurrences have been documented in Michigan (where the community is ranked S2), 22 in Illinois (S1,S1), 57 in Indiana (S2,S2S3,S1), 42 in Minnesota (S1,S1,S2), and 20 in Wisconsin (S2). Although no other occurrences have been documented, the community is also reported in Ohio (S1) and Ontario (S) and may be extirpated from Iowa (SX). It is reported in 24 ecoregional subsections. The sizes of 134 occurrences total 10,273 acres. The community occurs on a variety of sandy, well-drained soils derived from glacial outwash, moraines, or lake plain dune systems. DISTRIBUTION: This black oak - mixed oak barrens community occurs in the central and lower Great Lakes region of the United States and adjacent Canada, extending from Ohio and Ontario west to Iowa and Minnesota. USFS ECOREGIONS: 212Hb:C, 212Ka:CCC, 222Ha:CCC, 222Jc:CCC, 222Jd:CCC, 222Jh:CCC, 222Ji:CCC, 222Jj:CCC, 222Ka:CCC, 222Kb:CCC, 222Kd:CCC, 222Kg:CCC, 222La:CCC, 222Lb:CCC, 222Lc:CCC, 222Lf:CCC, 222Mb:CCC, 222Md:CCC, 222Me:CCC, 251Ba:CCC, 251Cf:CCC, 251Ci:CCC, 251Dd:CCC, 251Df:CCC, 251Dg:CCC CONSERVATION REGIONS: 35:C, 36:C, 45:C, 46:C, 47:C, 48:C STATES: IA IL IN MI MN OH WI PROVINCES: ON MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IL dry-mesic sand savanna; dry sand savanna - IN dry sand savanna; dry-mesic sand savanna; mesic sand savanna - MI oak barren + MN dry oak savanna (southeast section) barrens subtype - OH oak barrens = WI oak barrens = OTHER SYNONYMY: oak barrens (Anderson 1996) =. Uncertain if equivalent; Anderson appears to include black oak forests (CEGL002078) and sand barrens (CEGL005099) in this type. USNVC HIERARCHY: QUERCUS VELUTINA - (QUERCUS ELLIPSOIDALIS) WOODED HERBACEOUS ALLIANCE (V.A.6.N.c) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 566
Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Interior Highlands Thin Soil Oak Savannas/Barrens Quercus stellata - Quercus marilandica / Schizachyrium scoparium - Silphium terebinthinaceum Wooded Herbaceous Vegetation Post Oak - Blackjack Oak / Little Bluestem - Prairie-dock Wooded Herbaceous Vegetation Post Oak Chert Barrens CEGL005134 DESCRIPTION: Vegetation may be sparse, consisting of xeric species and stunted individuals of species that reach considerable size elsewhere. Graminoids, such as Schizachyrium scoparium and Sorghastrum nutans, form most of the vegetation cover in this community, but tree canopy species may include Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana, Quercus alba, Quercus imbricaria, Quercus marilandica, Quercus stellata, and Quercus velutina. Herbaceous species which may be present include Aconitum uncinatum, Allium cernuum, Andropogon gerardii, Aristida longispica, Asclepias amplexicaulis, Carex meadii, Danthonia spicata, Eryngium yuccifolium, Euphorbia corollata, Helianthus mollis, Helianthus hirsutus, Houstonia sp., Liatris cylindracea, Liatris squarrosa, Lobelia spicata, Panicum flexile, Pycnanthemum tenuifolium, Rudbeckia hirta, Salix humilis, Silphium trifoliatum, and Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Anderson 1982, Homoya et al. 1988). In Indiana, this community occurs in the Mitchell Karst Plain on rolling hill-and-swale topography on a large sinkhole plain over limestone bedrock. There, soils are formed from chert residue left from the erosion of limestone bedrock. These soils are stony, acidic, and excessively well-drained. In Ohio, this community is found in the southern parts of the state only over Crab Orchard Shale, on slight slopes or mounded outcrops. On slopes deep erosion gullies are usually present. Crab Orchard Shale is calcareous and weathers to a light brown to yellowish heavy silt loam, containing scattered pieces of dolomite (Anderson 1982, Homoya et al. 1988, Homoya 1994). Fire is a factor in the development of this community, especially on the richer sites. Fire inhibits the growth of woody species and allows the sparse woodland character to be retained. Grazing may also have affected successional processes. Grazing may have reduced the number of woody plants, but it also is likely to have lead to increased erosion and the elimination of some characteristic species. On poorer sites, especially in Ohio, this community appears to be stable, even with a very low fire frequency. COMMENTS: 2, MCS. In southeastern Ohio, Cedar Barrens also occur on Crab Orchard Shale. The two types are not easily separable because they contain many of the same species. There is some difference in their topographical distribution, however. Cedar Barrens occur on steeper slopes that may have originally been covered by Acer saccharum. Cedar Barrens also lack certain species characteristic of this community, such as Silphium terebinthinaceum. The post oak chert barrens stands in Ohio also intergrade with a shale glade type, Quercus marilandica - (Juniperus virginiana) / Schizachyrium scoparium - Danthonia spicata Wooded Herbaceous Vegetation (CEGL002428); the shale glades tend to be of low diversity, and most are disturbed by relatively recent farming efforts and by erosion, and are overgrown. It may be that these shale glades in Ohio should just be combined with this type (D. Minney pers. comm. 2000). Schizachyrium scoparium prairies (limestone glades) are also similar to this community. The prairies or glades have a nearly complete vegetative cover and occur over dolomite rather than shale. They are tracked as Quercus muehlenbergii - Juniperus virginiana / Schizachyrium scoparium - Manfreda virginica Wooded Herbaceous Vegetation (CEGL005131), and they also contain a distinctive zone tracked as a separate type, the Juniperus virginiana / Schizachyrium scoparium - Silphium terebinthinaceum var. luciae-brauniae - Carex juniperorum - Castilleja coccinea Wooded Herbaceous Vegetation (CEGL004464). CONSERVATION RANK: G1. This community may naturally have a very restricted distribution. DISTRIBUTION: This barrens or post oak openings community is found in the midwestern United States in southern Indiana and Ohio; it occurs as a prominent community on the Mitchell Karst Plain in south-central Indiana, and occurs in the unglaciated Bluegrass Region, north of West Union in Adams County. USFS ECOREGIONS: 221Ed:PPP, 221Ef:PPP, 222Db:CCC, 222De:CCC, 222Df:CCC, 222Ek:CCC, 222Fd:CCC, 222Ge:CCC, 222Hc:CCC CONSERVATION REGIONS: 44:C, 45:C, 49: STATES: IN OH PROVINCES: MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IN chert barrens + OH post oak opening = OTHER SYNONYMY: USNVC HIERARCHY: (QUERCUS STELLATA, QUERCUS MARILANDICA) / SCHIZACHYRIUM SCOPARIUM WOODED HERBACEOUS ALLIANCE (V.A.6.N.q) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 568
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PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST CL
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CONTENTS APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
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OVERVIEW APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
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− The USFS (U.S. Forest Service)
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Box 2. State Natural Heritage progr
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INDEX TO ASSOCIATIONS BY ECOLOGICAL
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2.3.4.4. Interior Highlands Shale G
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Acid Peatlands: Northern Shrub/Gram
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Rich Peat Fens: Northeastern Rich F
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Rich Peat Fens: Midwestern Prairie
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Seeps: Midwestern Seepage Meadows S
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Open and Emergent Marshes: Eastern
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* Nonstandard type (needs review) G
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Open and Emergent Marshes: Great La
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Great
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
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Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Nort
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Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midw
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Page 56 and 57: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midw
Page 58 and 59: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midw
Page 60 and 61: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Appa
Page 62 and 63: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 64 and 65: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 66 and 67: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 68 and 69: Sphagnum wulfianum, Sphagnum warnst
Page 70 and 71: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 72 and 73: Rocky Shores: Great Lakes Alkaline
Page 74 and 75: Rocky Shores: Appalachian Highlands
Page 76 and 77: Rocky Uplands (Glades, Rock Barrens
Page 78 and 79: DISTRIBUTION: This limestone glade
Page 80 and 81: DISTRIBUTION: This graminoid shale
Page 82 and 83: Cliffs, Talus, Buttes and Badlands:
Page 88 and 89: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 90 and 91: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 92 and 93: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern M
Page 94 and 95: Forests and Woodlands: Appalachian
Page 102 and 103: Forests and Woodlands: Interior Hig
Page 104 and 105: Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 108 and 109: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern San
Page 110 and 111: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Thi
Page 112 and 113: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Dee
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Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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