Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midwestern Wet Flatwoods Fagus grandifolia - Acer saccharum - Quercus bicolor - Acer rubrum Flatwoods Forest American Beech - Sugar Maple - Swamp White Oak - Red Maple Flatwoods Forest Beech - Hardwoods Till Plain Flatwoods CEGL005173 DESCRIPTION: This community is dominated by trees that can be found in both upland and lowland sites. Among the most common are Acer rubrum, Acer saccharum, Fagus grandifolia, Quercus bicolor, Quercus macrocarpa, and Ulmus rubra. Associates include Carya ovata, Carya cordiformis, Celtis occidentalis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus rubra, Quercus shumardii, and Ulmus americana. Typical shrub species include Asimina triloba, Euonymus obovata, and Lindera benzoin. The herbaceous layer includes Arisaema triphyllum (= Arisaema atrorubens), Actaea pachypoda, Circaea X intermedia (= Circaea canadensis), Galium spp., and Pilea pumila, among others (Homoya et al. 1988, Anderson 1996). This community is found on flat to gently sloping sites on till plains. Soils are imperfectly to poorly drained and aerated. Soil types include Crosby, Blount, Fincastle, Brookston, and Pewamo (Homoya et al 1988) COMMENTS: 2, MCS. The type is based on the concept of the Indiana state type - central till plain flatwoods (Homoya et al. 1988). This type occurs as a mosaic of upland rises with Fagus grandifolia and other hardwoods and wetland areas with Quercus palustris, Quercus bicolor, Acer rubrum, and other wetland hardwoods. It is possible that the mosaic may become extensive enough in some areas that the two parts could be treated separately, but this needs field checking. In any case, no other states or provinces report this kind of patterning. To help define the type, stands may require at least 25% beech basal area or cover to fit this type (Anderson 1996). In Ontario the type may occur above the escarpment in the Niagara Peninsula, but these may have been treated as part of the Great Lakes lakeplain type, Quercus palustris - Quercus bicolor - Acer rubrum Flatwoods Forest (CEGL005037). CONSERVATION RANK: G2G3. There are probably fewer than 25 occurrences of this community rangewide; it is only known from central Indiana, where it is ranked S2, and from southeastern Michigan and northeastern Ohio. Currently 19 occurrences have been documented from Indiana. There are probably fewer than 1000 acres of this community rangewide. Currently over 175 acres have been documented (some sites lack acreage data); the average size documented is 35 acres. Historical acreage is unknown. Many sites have been degraded by grazing and selective logging, and there has probably been some overall reduction in acreage. This community has somewhat restricted environmental requirements: it is found over till plains with imperfectly to poorly drained and aerated soils. The range is somewhat restricted; it is reported from four subsections in one ecoregion province. DISTRIBUTION: This community is found in the central midwestern United States and adjacent Canada, ranging from central Indiana, western Ohio, and southeastern Michigan to possibly adjacent Ontario. USFS ECOREGIONS: 222Ha:CCC, 222Hb:CCC, 222Hf:CCC, 222If:CCC CONSERVATION REGIONS: 45:C STATES: IN MI OH PROVINCES: ON MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IN central till plain flatwoods = MI pin oak depression OH beech-oak-red maple forest OTHER SYNONYMY: South LaPorte Woods (Lindsey et al. 1969) =, Wet Beech Forests (Anderson 1996) B. Anderson describes the differences between Wet Beech Forest stands in southwestern Ohio from those in the west/northwest part of Ohio. Some of Anderson's mixed swamp type may also fall here, depending on percentage of beech used to separate his wet beech forest type from this type. USNVC HIERARCHY: FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA - QUERCUS SPP. - ACER SPP. FOREST ALLIANCE (I.B.2.N.a) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 187
Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midwestern Wet Flatwoods Fagus grandifolia - Quercus alba - (Quercus michauxii) - Acer rubrum Flatwoods Forest American Beech - White Oak - (Swamp Chestnut Oak) - Red Maple Flatwoods Forest Beech - Oak - Red Maple Flatwoods CEGL005015 DESCRIPTION: This community has a moderately dense to dense canopy of deciduous trees. Fagus grandifolia is consistently common. Other common trees include Acer rubrum, Liriodendron tulipifera, Nyssa sylvatica, Quercus alba, Quercus bicolor, Quercus palustris, and Quercus michauxii. Fraxinus americana, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Quercus shumardii may be present. Asimina triloba, Carpinus caroliniana, Lindera benzoin, Toxicodendron radicans, and Sambucus canadensis are common shrubs. Vitis labrusca is a common, and perhaps characteristic, vine. Abundant understory species include the ferns Botrychium oneidense and Onoclea sensibilis and the herbs Chimaphila maculata, Cinna arundinacea, Impatiens capensis (= Impatiens biflora), Panax trifolius, Podophyllum peltatum, and Rubus hispidus. This community is usually found on loess-covered glacial drift of Illinoisan age, with level topography and poorly drained silt loam soils (Braun 1936). The substrate can form a mosaic of slightly higher, wet-mesic raised areas, and wet depressions. An impermeable layer beneath the topsoil slows drainage often resulting in wet soil conditions (Chapman 1942). In droughty periods, the upper soils dry out, and the impermeable subsoil limits the availability of deeper water sources. COMMENTS: 2, MCS. This type is based largely on the Indiana state type - Bluegrass Till Plain Flatwoods (Homoya et al. 1988) and Ohio's Wet Beech Forests (Anderson 1996). The type consists of a mosaic of raised, wet-mesic areas and depressions that are wet. The vegetation varies accordingly. Floristic distinctions between the bluegrass region and the central tillplain need to be worked out, but the bluegrass occurrences do contain Quercus michauxii and Liquidambar styraciflua. Anderson (1996) cites Braun (1936) as noting that Carpinus caroliniana, Photinia floribunda (= Aronia prunifolia), Spiraea tomentosa, Ilex verticillata, Vitis labrusca, and Viburnum dentatum var. deamii are characteristic of this type. To help define the type, stands may require at least 25% basal area or cover of beech (Anderson 1996). In Indiana, this type may also occur in the southwestern part of the state (Spencer County). CONSERVATION RANK: G3. There are probably fewer than 100 occurrences rangewide. Seven have been documented in Ohio, where the community is ranked S3, and 11 in Indiana (S2). The community occurs in 6 ecoregional subsections. There are probably fewer than 10,000 acres rangewide. Sizes of 11 occurrences total 1480 acres. The community occurs on level, poorly drained silt loams (usually loess-covered glacial drift) with an impenetrable layer beneath the topsoil that impedes drainage and accessibility to deeper water. DISTRIBUTION: This lowland forest community is found in the United States in southeastern Indiana and southwestern Ohio. USFS ECOREGIONS: 222Ek:CCC, 222Fc:CC, 222Fd:CCC, 222Fe:CCC, 222Ff:CCC, 222Ha:CCC, 222Hc:CCC CONSERVATION REGIONS: 44:C, 45:C, 48:C, 49:C STATES: IN OH PROVINCES: MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: IN bluegrass till plain flatwoods = OH beech-oak-red maple forest = OTHER SYNONYMY: Beech - White Oak - Sweet Gum Community (Braun 1936) F, Beech - White Oak - Red Maple Community (Braun 1936) F, Beech - White Oak - Red Maple - Sweet Gum Community (Braun 1936) F, Beech - White Oak Associes I, Wet Beech Forests (Anderson 1996) B. Anderson describes differences between the stands in southwest Ohio from those in the west/northwest part of the state. Parts of Anderson's mixed swamp type may also fall into this type, depending on the percentage of beech used to define his wet beech forest type. USNVC HIERARCHY: FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA - QUERCUS SPP. - ACER SPP. FOREST ALLIANCE (I.B.2.N.a) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 188
Page 1 and 2:
PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST CL
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTS APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
Page 5 and 6: OVERVIEW APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
Page 7 and 8: − The USFS (U.S. Forest Service)
Page 9 and 10: Box 2. State Natural Heritage progr
Page 11 and 12: INDEX TO ASSOCIATIONS BY ECOLOGICAL
Page 13: 2.3.4.4. Interior Highlands Shale G
Page 16 and 17: Acid Peatlands: Northern Shrub/Gram
Page 18 and 19: Rich Peat Fens: Northeastern Rich F
Page 20 and 21: Rich Peat Fens: Midwestern Prairie
Page 22 and 23: Seeps: Midwestern Seepage Meadows S
Page 24 and 25: Open and Emergent Marshes: Eastern
Page 30 and 31: * Nonstandard type (needs review) G
Page 32 and 33: Open and Emergent Marshes: Great La
Page 34 and 35: Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Great
Page 36 and 37: Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
Page 38 and 39: Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
Page 40 and 41: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Nort
Page 46 and 47: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midw
Page 60 and 61: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Appa
Page 62 and 63: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 64 and 65: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 66 and 67: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 68 and 69: Sphagnum wulfianum, Sphagnum warnst
Page 70 and 71: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 72 and 73: Rocky Shores: Great Lakes Alkaline
Page 74 and 75: Rocky Shores: Appalachian Highlands
Page 76 and 77: Rocky Uplands (Glades, Rock Barrens
Page 78 and 79: DISTRIBUTION: This limestone glade
Page 80 and 81: DISTRIBUTION: This graminoid shale
Page 82 and 83: Cliffs, Talus, Buttes and Badlands:
Page 88 and 89: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 90 and 91: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 92 and 93: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern M
Page 94 and 95: Forests and Woodlands: Appalachian
Page 102 and 103: Forests and Woodlands: Interior Hig
Page 104 and 105: Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
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Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 108 and 109:
Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern San
Page 110 and 111:
Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Thi
Page 112 and 113:
Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Dee
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Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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