Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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Forests and Woodlands: Appalachian Highlands Dry-mesic Oak Forests and Woodlands Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Quercus prinus - Acer saccharum / Lindera benzoin Forest White Oak - Northern Red Oak - Rock Chestnut Oak - Sugar Maple / Northern Spicebush Forest White Oak - Chestnut Oak - Maple Acid Forest CEGL002059 DESCRIPTION: Stands are dominated by Quercus alba, Quercus rubra, and Acer saccharum. Quercus prinus is often present and occasionally codominant. Other minor associates include Acer rubrum, Carya ovata, Fagus grandifolia, Liriodendron tulipifera, Nyssa sylvatica, and Quercus velutina. The shrub and small-tree layer includes Amelanchier arborea, Carpinus caroliniana, Cercis canadensis, Corylus americana, Cornus florida, and Ostrya virginiana. Ericaceous shrubs may be uncommon. The herbaceous layer includes Aralia nudicaulis, Carex pensylvanica, Carex communis, Hieracium venosum, Lysimachia quadrifolia, and Maianthemum stellatum (= Smilacina stellata) (Anderson 1996, Fike 1999). This forest community type is found primarily in the unglaciated plateau region in southeastern Ohio and Pennsylvania, where it occurs on non-calcareous substrates, but it may also occur on glaciated regions of the Allegheny Plateau (Anderson 1996). COMMENTS: 2, MCS. The concept of the type is that of oak-maple-dominated stands on neutral to acidic substrates. Pennsylvania considered the shrub layer most diagnostic. Sugar maple should be at least 20-25% of stand dominance (cover or basal area), and oaks at least 60%. If beech or tuliptree contain 20-25% dominance, the type should be placed elsewhere; if beech dominates, then white oak-beech forest, Quercus alba - Fagus grandifolia Western Allegheny Plateau Forest (CEGL006144) [but see discussion with beech-maple unglaciated forest, Fagus grandifolia - Acer saccharum - Liriodendron tulipifera Unglaciated Forest (CEGL002411)]; if tuliptree then red oakmaple-tuliptree, Quercus rubra - Acer saccharum - Liriodendron tulipifera Forest (CEGL006125). The type is perhaps transitional between Appalachian oak forests, Quercus prinus - Quercus (alba, coccinea, velutina) / Viburnum acerifolium - (Kalmia latifolia) Forest (CEGL005023), and mixed mesophytic forests or beech-maple unglaciated forests (CEGL002411). Type may be in Indiana, but there see Quercus prinus / Smilax spp. Forest (CEGL005022). CONSERVATION RANK: G. DISTRIBUTION: This mixed oak acid forest community type is found primarily from the Allegheny Plateau region of southeastern Ohio and Pennsylvania. USFS ECOREGIONS: 221Ea:CCC, 221Ec:CCC, 221Ed:CCC, 221Ee:CCP, 221Ef:CCC, 221Eg:CCC, 221F:CP, 222Ha:CCC, 222Hb:CCC, 222Hc:CCC CONSERVATION REGIONS: 45:C, 48:C, 49:C STATES: OH PA WV PROVINCES: MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: OH oak-maple forest + OTHER SYNONYMY: oak-maple forests (Anderson 1996) B. Anderson generally restricts the oak-maple type to calcareous substrates in glaciated, western Ohio. However, there may still be a need for an oak-maple type in southeast Ohio. In his chapter on oak-maple forests he states, "there are frequent stands in the plateaus dominated by oaks and sugar maple. These, however, are mostly over non-calcareous substrates, they often possess species characteristic of acidic substrates....most of these are more naturally considered as usually drier segments of mixed mesophytic communities....[S]tands dominated by oak and sugar maple in the unglaciated plateau are often transitions between mixed mesophytic and upland oak." USNVC HIERARCHY: QUERCUS RUBRA - (ACER SACCHARUM) FOREST ALLIANCE (I.B.2.N.a) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 438
Forests and Woodlands: Appalachian Highlands Dry-mesic Oak Forests and Woodlands Quercus prinus - Quercus (alba, coccinea, velutina) / Viburnum acerifolium - (Kalmia latifolia) Forest Rock Chestnut Oak - (White Oak, Scarlet Oak, Black Oak) / Mapleleaf Viburnum - (Mountain Laurel) Forest Appalachian / Interior Low Plateau Oak - (Chestnut) Forest CEGL005023 DESCRIPTION: Tree species commonly include Quercus prinus and Quercus coccinea, along with Quercus alba, Quercus rubra and Quercus velutina. Castanea dentata was a major component in the past. Other associates can include Acer rubrum, Carya alba, Nyssa sylvatica, Oxydendrum arboreum, and occasional Pinus spp. (Pinus echinata, Pinus rigida, Pinus virginiana). Tall shrubs and small trees can include Cornus florida, Fagus grandifolia, Sassafras albidum, Aralia spinosa, and Viburnum acerifolium. Characteristic dwarf-shrubs and vines include Gaylussacia baccata, Gaultheria procumbens, Hypericum frondosum, Smilax glauca, Smilax rotundifolia, Vaccinium pallidum, Vaccinium stamineum, and, more locally, Kalmia latifolia. The herbaceous layer includes Antennaria plantaginifolia, Symphyotrichum cordifolium (= Aster cordifolius), Carex pensylvanica, Cypripedium acaule, Dichanthelium dichotomum var. dichotomum, Danthonia spicata, Epigaea repens, Helianthus divaricatus, Helianthus hirsutus, Polystichum acrostichoides, Tipularia discolor, and others. Lichens (Cladina spp. and Cladonia spp.) and mosses can form a prominent layer (Anderson 1996, Fike 1999). Stands occur on dry/xeric upper slopes and narrow ridgetops. Soils are typically shallow and occur over noncalcareous bedrock of sandstone, conglomerate, or shale, or, to the south, over thin loess and siliceous limestones and cherts. In the glaciated region of the Allegheny Plateau, stands are more isolated, but have been reported over dry glacial features, such as kames or gravel knobs (Anderson 1996). COMMENTS: 2, MCS. This is the historic chestnut oak forest after loss of chestnut. Quercus alba may often be a codominant. Quercus velutina and Quercus rubra may be as common as Quercus coccinea in Ohio stands. In Ohio the type apparently occurs on both the glaciated and unglaciated portions of the Allegheny Plateau. Distinguishing this type from Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Carya ovata Glaciated Forest (CEGL002068) may require some minimum cutoff values for the dominance of Quercus prinus and Quercus coccinea (perhaps at least 20% cover or basal area of either), or ground layer species, such as Vaccinium or the lichens and mosses. Dominance by Acer saccharum (perhaps at least 25%) would place a stand in Quercus alba - Quercus rubra - Quercus prinus - Acer saccharum / Lindera benzoin Forest (CEGL002059), the Appalachian oak - maple type. Compare this type with Quercus prinus - Quercus (rubra, velutina) / Gaylussacia baccata Forest (CEGL006282) and Quercus prinus / Smilax spp. Forest (CEGL005022). Some Tennessee stands (e.g., in 222Eg, the Western Highland Rim) are outside of the range of Viburnum acerifolium. It appears to be replaced by Styrax grandifolius in some of these situations. CONSERVATION RANK: G4. This is a widespread type; Quercus prinus replaces itself after canopy removal, seeds germinate in the shade of parent trees, and stands can also replace themselves from stump sprouts. DISTRIBUTION: This chestnut oak - mixed oak forest community ranges in the United States from the Allegheny Plateau region of Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia to the Interior Low Plateau of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama (and possibly into Mississippi). USFS ECOREGIONS: 221Ea:CCC, 221Ec:CCC, 221Ed:CCP, 221Ee:CCP, 221Ef:CCC, 221Eg:CCC, 221F:CC, 221Hc:C, 222Cf:CPP, 222Cg:CPP, 222Eb:CCC, 222Eg:CCC, 222Eo:CCC, 222Fd:CCC, 222Hb:CCC, 231Be:PPP CONSERVATION REGIONS: 43:P, 44:C, 45:C, 48:C, 49:C, 50:C STATES: AL KY MS OH PA TN WV PROVINCES: MIDWEST HERITAGE SYNONYMY: OH appalachian oak forest = OTHER SYNONYMY: USNVC HIERARCHY: QUERCUS PRINUS - (QUERCUS COCCINEA, QUERCUS VELUTINA) FOREST ALLIANCE (I.B.2.N.a) PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST – 2001. APPENDIX: ASSOCIATION DESCRIPTIONS 439
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PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE MIDWEST CL
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CONTENTS APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
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OVERVIEW APPENDIX: PLANT COMMUNITY
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− The USFS (U.S. Forest Service)
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Box 2. State Natural Heritage progr
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INDEX TO ASSOCIATIONS BY ECOLOGICAL
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2.3.4.4. Interior Highlands Shale G
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Acid Peatlands: Northern Shrub/Gram
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Rich Peat Fens: Northeastern Rich F
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Rich Peat Fens: Midwestern Prairie
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Seeps: Midwestern Seepage Meadows S
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Open and Emergent Marshes: Eastern
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Page 30 and 31:
* Nonstandard type (needs review) G
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Open and Emergent Marshes: Great La
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Great
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
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Wet Prairies and Wet Meadows: Midwe
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Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Nort
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Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Midw
Page 60 and 61: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Appa
Page 62 and 63: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 64 and 65: Wooded Swamps and Floodplains: Sout
Page 66 and 67: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 68 and 69: Sphagnum wulfianum, Sphagnum warnst
Page 70 and 71: Shoreline Sand/Mud Strands, Beaches
Page 72 and 73: Rocky Shores: Great Lakes Alkaline
Page 74 and 75: Rocky Shores: Appalachian Highlands
Page 76 and 77: Rocky Uplands (Glades, Rock Barrens
Page 78 and 79: DISTRIBUTION: This limestone glade
Page 80 and 81: DISTRIBUTION: This graminoid shale
Page 82 and 83: Cliffs, Talus, Buttes and Badlands:
Page 88 and 89: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 90 and 91: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern D
Page 92 and 93: Forests and Woodlands: Midwestern M
Page 94 and 95: Forests and Woodlands: Appalachian
Page 102 and 103: Forests and Woodlands: Interior Hig
Page 104 and 105: Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 106 and 107: Savannas and Non-Rock Barrens: Midw
Page 108 and 109: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern San
Page 110 and 111: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Thi
Page 112 and 113: Prairies/Grasslands: Midwestern Dee
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Ohio subset of Plant Communities of the Midwest ... - NatureServe

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