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aprıl 2012 - tojdac.org

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The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication - TOJDAC April <strong>2012</strong> Volume 2 Issue 2<br />

SAVA! FOTO"RAFI TAR#H#NDE D#J#TALLE!ME SÜREC# VE<br />

FOTOGRAF#K ETK#S#<br />

U!ur Günay YAVUZ<br />

Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi, Antalya<br />

ugurgunay@gmail.com<br />

ABSTRACT<br />

From the Crimean War photographs that Roger Fenton went by a coach and authenticated to<br />

today, the war photography has showed a remarkable and rapid evolution in sense of<br />

technology especially after 1975 when the digital technology has entered in our daily lives<br />

and pervaded. As time goes by, instead of carrying a photo camera, cellular phones with the<br />

photo camera option has become a preference, yet became a standard. A Pulitzer Award<br />

winner newspaper photographer Damon Winter, assigned by New York Times to observe the<br />

U.S. operations in Afghanistan has awarded in “Pictures of the Year” Contest by the pictures<br />

that he has taken by his cellular phone with the help of a software called “Hipstamatic”. The<br />

utmost in the digitalization in the photography, by all means, is also bringing a wide range of<br />

debates with it. By this study, the history of war photography will be reviewed from the first<br />

day to today and will be analysed with the photographs including the 1st and 2nd World<br />

Wars, Vietnamese Conflict, the Iraq War where digital photography was used and thus the<br />

photographic effects of digitalization on the war photography is aimed to be revealed.<br />

Keywords: Digitalization, Photograph, War Photography<br />

Resim 1. Bazı kaynaklara göre Roger Fenton, bazı kaynaklara göre ise Matthew Brady<br />

1. SAVA! FOTO"RAFI TAR#H#NDEN<br />

1.1. Kırım Sava$ı (1853-56)<br />

1853’te Osmanlı "mparatorlu!u’nun Rusya’ya kar#ı girdi!i Kırım Sava#ı’na, daha sonra<br />

Fransa ve 1854’te "ngiltere, Osmanlı’nın yanında katılmı#tır. Asıl mesle!i avukatlık olan<br />

Roger Fenton, "ngiltere hükümeti tarafından, askeri kayıplar nedeniyle olu#abilecek, sava#a<br />

kar#ı olumsuz kamuoyu baskısını engellemek dü#üncesiyle, “No dead bodies” (Cesetlere<br />

Hayır) #artıyla Kırım Sava#ı’nı foto!raflamak için Thomas Agnew & Son firması<br />

sponsorlu!unda görevlendirilmi#tir. Dört asistanıyla, bir at arabasıyla yola çıkan Fenton, ıslak<br />

plaka yöntemi kullanıldı!ı için 3-20 saniye arasında de!i#en poz süreleri ile, 360 kadar<br />

foto!raf çekmi#tir. "lk sava# belgeselleri olarak kabul edilen Fenton’un foto!rafları, gerek<br />

foto!raf teknolojisi, gerekse uygulanan sansür mekanizması nedeniyle, foto!raflarda sava#ın<br />

gerek sivil gerekse askerler üzerindeki etkisi, deh#eti de!il, çatı#ma sonrası bo# arazileri,<br />

çadırların önünde kahve veya pipo içen, adeta piknik yapan poz veren askerlerin<br />

görüntülerinden olu#maktadır.<br />

Copyright © The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication 79

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