State of the Bay Report 2011-Final.pdf - Anchor Environmental

State of Saldanha Bay & Langebaan Lagoon 2011
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
GLOSSARY
XVIII
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND 1
1.2 STRUCTURE OF THIS REPORT 3
2 BACKGROUND TO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT 4
2.1 INTRODUCTION 4
2.2 MECHANISMS FOR MONITORING CONTAMINANTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT 4
2.3 INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND STATUS IN SALDANHA BAY AND LANGEBAAN LAGOON 6
3 ACTIVITIES AND DISCHARGES AFFECTING THE HEALTH OF THE BAY 10
3.1 INTRODUCTION 10
3.2 URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 11
3.3 DISCHARGES AND ACTIVITIES AFFECTING ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 20
3.3.1 Dredging and port expansion 20
3.3.2 The Sishen-Saldanha oreline expansion project 23
3.3.3 Development of a Liquid Petroleum Gas Facility in Saldanha Bay 24
3.3.4 Development of the Salamander Bay Boat yard 25
3.3.5 Shipping, ballast water discharges, and oil spills 26
3.3.6 Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants 30
3.3.7 Sewage and associated waste waters 34
3.3.8 Storm water 47
3.3.9 Fish processing plants 49
3.3.10 Mariculture 55
4 WATER QUALITY 57
4.1 CURRENTS AND WAVES 57
4.2 MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING 59
4.2.1 DWAF 1995 and 1996 guidelines 59
4.2.2 Revised final guidelines for recreational waters of South Africa’s coastal marine
environment 72
4.3 TRACE METAL CONTAMINANTS IN THE WATER COLUMN 75
4.4 SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY IN SALDANHA BAY AND LANGEBAAN LAGOON 80
5 SEDIMENTS 81
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