Central Rice Research Institute Annual report...2011-12

(CR42668, CR3005-77-2, CR3005-230-5, CR3005-11-3,
CR3005-226-7 and CR3006-8-2) resistant to BPH with
(SES) score 1, two genotypes (CRAC43019 and CR43020
) resistant to rice rootknot nematode with 0.7 and 0.3
gall index and four genotypes (CR3005-230-5, CR2711-
76, CR3005-77-2 and CR3006-8-2) highly resistant to
planthoppers.
Two cultivars (IR84649-260-28-1-B and IR84649-21-
15-1-B) were identified to have higher level of submergence
tolerance irrespective of salinity of the flood water.
Under rainfed upland situation, even with exposure
to drought stress at both vegetative and reproductive
stages conditions, RR383-2, RR2-6, CR143-2-2, Zhu
11-16, RR443-2, IET21620, IET22026, IET22032,
Kalakeri and Sahabhagidhan had yield potential of
more than 1.50 t ha -1 with more than 50% grain filling.
The hybrid Ajay grown under aerobic and AWD conditions,
gave a stable yield of 5.30 t ha -1 indicating its
adaptation to water limited conditions. Eight improved
breeding lines with new plant type characters have been
developed.
Fifty six cultivars (nine aromatic varieties and 47
landraces) were characterized through DNA finger
printing using SSR and ISSR markers. Twenty six CRRI
released varieties for lowland situations were also characterized
using SSR for assessing the genetic relatedness
among them. Four promising aromatic short grain
cultures viz., CR2713-11, CR2713-179, CR2947-18 and
CR2713-180 were promoted to next year of testing under
AICRIP. Two high protein rice cultivars viz.,
ARC10063 (16.41%) and ARC10075 (15.27%) were
found to have higher activities of glutamine synthetase
(GS) and glutamate oxo-glutarate aminotransferase
(GOGAT) at the maximum tillering stage.
Balanced application of nutrients plays a major role
in maintaining the soil quality. In a long term (41 years)
rice-rice system under different nutrient management,
when compared with NPK treatment, soil quality declined
by 47.3, 35.8, 5.7 and 14.0% in control, N, NP
and NK applied plots, respectively.
Nitrogen and zinc management plays important role
in aerobic rice, it is found that leaf colour chart (LCC)
based recommendation resulted higher agronomic N
use efficiency (17-18%) and N recovery efficiency (26-
30 %) over the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF).
The water soluble plus exchangeable zinc, organically
bound zinc and crystalline sesquioxide bound zinc
were higher under aerobic moisture regimes while the
submergence helped to increase the manganese oxide
bound zinc, amorphous sesquioxide bound zinc and
residual zinc.
The differential response on individual rice genotypes
to P deficiency is based on the type and quantity
of organic acids exuded, thus suggested a genotype and
nutrient-specific regulation of biosynthesis and release
of root exudates.
The standardized precipitation index (SPI) based
drought map of Odisha, prepared based on 26 years of
rainfall data using Spatial Analyst tool of Arc GIS,
showed the seasonal pattern of meteorological drought
at three months time scale; this will be useful in developing
mitigation strategies of the drought events in the
region.
The SRI method of rice cultivation (12 days old seedling,
25 cm x 25 cm spacing, organic source of nutrients
through application of FYM @ 5.0 t ha -1 and weeding
by using conoweeder) was compared with the practices
in which various nutrient and weed management
practices were taken separately, keeping the seedling
age and spacing of SRI method unchanged. It was
found that application of chemical fertilizer @ 120%
RFD significantly enhanced the yield over that applied
with organic manure. Similarly the herbicide
Azimsulfuron @ 35 g a.i. ha -1 (low dose high efficacy
and safe) were found to be effective and produced at
par yield with that of conoweeder.
In wet direct seeded, tank-mix application of
bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor (applied as postemergent
18 DAS at 50 + 450 g a.i. ha -1 ) was found to be
most effective for controlling the predominant weeds
[weed control efficiency (WCE) 91%] and produced comparable
yield (5.67 t ha -1 ) with hand weeding twice (5.77
t ha -1 ).
Three rice based cropping systems such as rice–potato–sesame,
rice–maize–cowpea and rice – groundnut–green
gram were evaluated, it was found that highest
production efficiency (REY 14.9 t ha -1 ) and lowland
utilization efficiency was observed in rice-potatosesame
cropping system although rice-maize-cowpea
was found to be the most economical system.
The rice-fish-horticultural crops-agro forestry based
integrated farming system model developed at Cuttack
for deepwater ecology generated a net income of Rs.1
lakh ha -1 , similarly integrated rice-fish farming system
developed for flood prone areas at Gerua generated
gross income of Rs.1.63 lakhs ha -1 .
One hundred and thirty seven agriculturally important
microbes were identified including nine
chlorpyrifos degrading bacteria, 17 B. thuringiensis and
59 Pseudomonas strains isolates produced siderophore,
HCN and salicylic acid, effective against insect pests
and plant pathogens. Four potent native
entomopathogenic Bt against leaf folder were formulated
for mass field application.
12
CRRI ANNUAL REPORT 2011-12