Central Rice Research Institute Annual report...2011-12

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Table 40. Effect of botanicals on management of blast disease % leaf area Yield Variety & Treatment affected (t ha -1 ) Dry Season 2011 Chandrama & Bael leaf extract 28.92 (32.53) 4.08 Chandrama & Tulsi leaf extract 27.16 (31.41) 4.14 Chandrama & Blast Off 31.80 (34.33) 4.01 Chandrama (Control) 63.24 (52.68) 3.42 Mahsuri & Bael leaf extract 38.75 (38.50 4.16 Mahsuri & Tulsi leaf extract 40.22 (39.36) 3.88 Mahsuri & Blast Off 42.17 (40.50) 3.77 Mahsuri (Control) 67.38 (55.17) 3.11 Joymati & Bael leaf extract 28.82 (32.47) 4.12 Joymati & Tulsi leaf extract 34.56 (36.01) 3.40 Joymati & Blast Off 30.24 (33.36) 3.47 Joymati(Control) 70.12 (56.86) 2.98 CD 5% (Variety) 11.85 0.78 CD 5% (Treatment) 10.95 0.52 Wet season 2011 Mahsuri & Bael leaf extract 27.61 (31.70) 4.18 Mahsuri & Tulsi leaf extract 30.44 (33.49) 3.96 Mahsuri & Blast Off 33.67 (35.47) 3.83 Mahsuri (Control) 71.28 (57.59) 3.10 Panchanan & Bael leaf extract 42.63 (40.76) 4.21 Panchanan & Tulsi leaf extract 39.76 (39.09) 4.38 Panchanan & Blast Off 44.52 (41.85) 3.92 Panchanan (Control) 68.16 (55.56) 3.48 Pratikshya & Bael leaf extract 29.92 (33.16) 3.83 Pratikshya & Tulsi leaf extract 35.10 (36.33) 3.64 Pratikshya & Blast Off 32.84 (34.96) 3.77 Pratikshya (Control) 66.77 (54.80) 3.52 CD 5% (Variety) 9.56 0.71 CD 5% (Treatment) 10.66 0.82 these plants can be incorporated in to soil @ 5 t ha -1 at the time of final land preparation to reduce galling. Management of blast and sheath blight diseases through botanicals Bio-efficacy of two botanical products namely leaf extracts of bael (Aegle marmelos) and tulsi (Ocimum sanctum L.) with standard fungicide Blast Off (Tricyclazole 75% W.P) for management of blast disease was tested on rice varieties Chandrama, Mahsuri and Joymati during wet/boro season, 2011 and on varieties Mahsuri, Panchanan and Pratikshya during wet/sali season 2011. Out of four treatments including control, extract of fresh leaves of bael @ 25g fresh leaves ltr -1 of water (by grinding to a paste), extract of fresh leaves of tulsi (by boiling) @ 25 g ltr -1 of water and fungicide Blast Off @ 0.6 g ltr -1 of water were sprayed two times at 15 days , interval starting from 10 days of disease appearance. Results indicated that bael leaf extract in varieties Mahsuri and Joymati, and Tulsi leaf extract in Chandrama reduced the foliar blast and increased the grain yield significantly than the untreated check (Table 40). During wet season, the treatment bael leaf extract in Mahsuri and Pratikshya and Tulsi leaf extract in Panchanan significantly reduced the foliar blast and increased the grain yield than the untreated check. Standardization and development of botanical formulations and assessment of new plant sources as fungi toxicant Aegle marmelos ethanolic mother extract (EME) in combination with a biodegradable formulating agent from Merck, FA (B+) , at 0.1% concentration with EME in all combinations and 0.0001% to 0.1% of EME concentration exhibited complete inhibition (2%) of Pyricularia grisea conidial germination (Table 41) and at 1% in Helminthosporium oryzae and Curvularia lunata, respectively with all tested combinations of EME. Varying degree of fungitoxic pattern such as, complete inhibition, reduction and granulation in germ tube, highly branched, elongated, and thickened germ tube. Control registered normal 98% conidial germination (Fig. 29). a. Distortion in C. lunata coinidia Normal germination Reduced germ tube Completely inhibited conidia Excessively longer germ tube Fig. 29. Varying degree of fungitoxic pattern in (a) C. lunata conidia, (b) P. grisea and (c) H. oryzae 88 CRRI ANNUAL REPORT 2011-12
Developing IPM Technologies for Different Rice Ecologies Table 41. Fungitoxicity of aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos, mother extract (AME)/in combination with formulating agent FA(B + ) on conidial germination of Pyricularia grisea Treatment (FA/AME) Concentration (%) 10% 1% 0.1% 0.01% 0.001% 0.0001% Control(FA) Conidial germination (%) 10% 2 (8.13) * 2 (8.13) * 2 (8.13) * 2 (8.13) * 2 (8.13) * 2 (8.13) * 2 (8.13) a 1% 2 (8.13) a 2 (8.13) a 2 (8.13) a 2 (8.13) a 2 (8.13) a 2 (8.13) a 2 (8.13) a 0.1% 2 (8.13) a 2 (8.13) a 2 (8.13) a 2 (8.13) a 2 (8.13) a 2 (8.13) a 2 (8.13) a 0.01% 2 (8.13) a 2 (8.13) a 30 (33.21) bg 55 (47.57) bg 65 (53.73) b 70 (56.79) b 80 (63.44) b 0.001% 30 (33.21) bg 70 (56.79) c 98 (81.87) 98 (81.87) 98 (81.87) 98 (81.87) 98 (81.87) 0.0001% 50 (45.00) c 95 (77.08) c 98 (81.87) 98 (81.87) 98 (81.87) 98 (81.87) 98 (81.87) Control(AME) 2 (8.13) * 2 (8.13) a 50 (45.00) bg 70 (56.79) C 98 (81.87) 98 (81.87) Control(sterilized d.w.) 98 (81.87) 98 (81.87) 98 (81.87) 98 (81.87) 98 (81.87) 98 (81.87) C.D. 5%-0.21 Data in parentheses represents angular values; Complete inhibition is represented as 2%; *=complete bursting; a= ungerminated conidia; b= reduced germ tube; g= granulated germ tube; c= longer germ tube; AME=aqueous mother extract; FA= formulating agent b. Distortion in P. grisea coinidia Normal Ungerminated Reduced & germination coinidia granulated germ tube c. Distortion in H. oryzae coinidia Normal germination Reduced germ tube Completely inhibited conidia Excessively longer and highly branched germ tube Fungitoxic spectrum of twelve new plants viz., Thevetia peruviana L., Mollugo pentaphylla Linn., Moringa oleifera Lam.,Vitex negundo L., Citrus limon L., Murrya koenigii L., Callistemon viminalis Gaertn., Phyllanthus emblica L. was tested in ethanolic extract (1:4 w/v) and Euphorbia hirta L., Ageratum conyzoides L., Physalis minima L., Phyllanthus niruri L. was tested as a series of solutions ranging from 0.001 to 100% concentration in aqueous extract (1:4 w/v) against the primary inoculum, conidia of P. grisea, H. oryzae, C. lunata and Fusarium moniliforme, respectively. All the treatments drastically reduced conidial germination at and above 0.1% concentration and from 1% concentration in except C. limon and C. viminalis, ethanolic extract which displayed higher reduction in P. grisea. Critical fungi toxic pattern such as granulation, reduction/elongation, thickening, coiling, bulbular structure at the base of germ tube and highly branched germ tube was observed in treated conidia compared to normal germination in control. Identification of effective botanicals and their evaluation against blast Six plant extracts of commonly occurring grasses and weeds (Australian Grass, Cynodon dactylan with and without roots, Parthenium, Lantana and Ipomea) along with control as chemical check were evaluated under field condition against brown spot of rice in upland. Preliminary study on the efficacy of the fresh plant extracts revealed that they have potential to control brown CRRI ANNUAL REPORT 2011-12 89
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Contents Preface ..................
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Preface It is a matter of pride tha
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EòÉªÉÇEòÉ®úÒ ºÉÉ®úÉ
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Executive Summary During 2011-12, C
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Milbemectin was f
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Introduction CRRI was established b
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Genetic Resources and Seed Technolo
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Genetic Resources and Seed Technolo
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Genetic Enhancement of Yield Improv
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Genetic Enhancement of Yield Hazari
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Genetic Enhancement of Yield N leve
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Genetic Enhancement of Yield 5-7, C
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Genetic Enhancement of Yield tions
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Genetic Enhancement of Yield All th
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Genetic Enhancement of Yield ity re
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Genetic Enhancement of Yield Fig. 3
Page 39 and 40: Improvement of Grain and Nutritiona
Page 41 and 42: Improvement of Grain and Nutritiona
Page 43 and 44: Breeding for Resistance/Tolerance t
Page 63 and 64: Natural Resource Management and Inp
Page 69 and 70: Enhancing and Sustaining the Produc
Page 77 and 78: Mechanization for Rice Production a
Page 79 and 80: Mechanization for Rice Production a
Page 81 and 82: Strategic Research on Pathogens/Pes
Page 83 and 84: Strategic Research on Pathogens/Pes
Page 85 and 86: Developing IPM Technologies for Dif
Page 89: Developing IPM Technologies for Dif
Page 95 and 96: Socio-economic Research for Sustain
Page 103 and 104: Krishi Vigyan Kendras Santhapur, Cu
Page 105 and 106: Publications Papers in Research Jou
Page 107 and 108: PUBLICATIONS Raja, R., Ravisankar,
Page 109 and 110: PUBLICATIONS Mishra, S. K., Ojha, S
Page 111 and 112: PUBLICATIONS Saha, Sanjoy (2012). D
Page 113 and 114: Events and Activities QRT, RAC, IMC
Page 115 and 116: EVENTS AND ACTIVITIES Participation
Page 117 and 118: EVENTS AND ACTIVITIES Name of sympo
Page 119 and 120: EVENTS AND ACTIVITIES Name of sympo
Page 121 and 122: EVENTS AND ACTIVITIES Organization
Page 123 and 124: EVENTS AND ACTIVITIES Vigilance Awa
Page 125 and 126: EVENTS AND ACTIVITIES Distinguished
Page 127 and 128: AWARDS/RECOGNITION Ph.D. degree awa
Page 129 and 130: PERSONNEL Dr. P.K. Nayak ..........
Page 131 and 132: PROJECTS AND FINANCIAL RESOURCES Co
Page 133 and 134: PROJECTS AND FINANCIAL RESOURCES Pr
Page 135 and 136: PROJECTS AND FINANCIAL RESOURCES Pr
Page 137 and 138: Acronyms AAU : Assam Agricultural U
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Central Rice Research Institute Annual report...2011-12

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