Hobbes - Leviathan.pdf

that to honour is to value highly the power of any person, and that
such value is measured by our comparing him with others. But because
there is nothing to be compared with God in power, we honour Him
not, but dishonour Him, by any value less than infinite. And thus
honour is properly of its own nature secret, and internal in the
heart. But the inward thoughts of men, which appear outwardly in their
words and actions, are the signs of our honouring, and these go by the
name of worship; in Latin, cultus. Therefore, to pray to, to swear by,
to obey, to be diligent and officious in serving; in sum, all words
and actions that betoken fear to offend, or desire to please, is
worship, whether those words and actions be sincere or feigned: and
because they appear as signs of honouring are ordinarily also called
honour.
The worship we exhibit to those we esteem to be but men, as to kings
and men in authority, is civil worship: but the worship we exhibit
to that which we think to be God, whatsoever the words, ceremonies,
gestures, or other actions be, is divine worship. To fall prostrate
before a king, in him that thinks him but a man, is but civil worship:
and he that but putteth off his hat in the church, for this cause,
that he thinketh it the house of God, worshippeth with divine worship.
They that seek the distinction of divine and civil worship, not in the
intention of the worshipper, but in the words douleia and latreia,
deceive themselves. For whereas there be two sorts of servants: that
sort which is of those that are absolutely in the power of their
masters, as slaves taken in war, and their issue, whose bodies are not
in their own power (their lives depending on the will of their
masters, in such manner as to forfeit them upon the least
disobedience), and that are bought and sold as beasts, were called
Douloi, that is properly, slaves, and their service, Douleia; the
other, which is of those that serve for hire, or in hope of benefit
from their masters voluntarily, are called Thetes, that is, domestic
servants; to whose service the masters have no further right than is
contained in the covenants made betwixt them. These two kinds of
servants have thus much common to them both, that their labour is
appointed them by another: and the word Latris is the general name
of both, signifying him that worketh for another, whether as a slave
or a voluntary servant. So that latreia signifieth generally all
service; but douleia the service of bondmen only, and the condition of
slavery: and both are used in Scripture, to signify our service of
God, promiscuously. Douleia, because we are God's slaves; latreia,
because we serve Him: and in all kinds of service is contained, not
only obedience, but also worship; that is, such actions, gestures, and
words as signify honour.
An image, in the most strict signification of the word, is the
resemblance of something visible: in which sense the fantastical
forms, apparitions, or seemings of visible bodies to the sight, are
only images; such as are the show of a man or other thing in the
water, by reflection or refraction; or of the sun or stars by direct
vision in the air; which are nothing real in the things seen, nor in
the place where they seem to be; nor are their magnitudes and
figures the same with that of the object, but changeable, by the
variation of the organs of sight, or by glasses; and are present
oftentimes in our imagination, and in our dreams, when the object is
absent; or changed into other colours, and shapes, as things that
depend only upon the fancy. And these are the images which are
originally and most properly called ideas and idols, and derived
from the language of the Grecians, with whom the word eido