OECD (2000)

B1
Educational Expenditure Relative to Gross Domestic Product
Table B1.1a. Educational expenditure as a percentage of GDP for all levels of education combined,
by source of funds
1997 1990
Total
Public Private Financial aid
expenditure
subsidies to payments to to students
Total from public, Total
households educational not
expenditure private and Private expenditure
Direct public and other institutions attributable to Direct public
from both international payments from both
expenditure for private entities excluding household expenditure for
public and sources for other than to public and
educational excluding public payments to educational
private sources educational educational private sources
institutions public subsidies to educational institutions
for educational institutions institutions for educational
subsidies for households institutions for
institutions plus public institutions
student living and other educational
subsidies to
costs private entities services
households
OECD countries
Australia 4.3 0.20 1.09 5.6 6.1 0.5 0.48 4.3 4.9
Austria 6.0 0.04 0.45 6.5 6.7 m 0.23 5.2 m
Belgium (Fl.) 4.8 0.04 0.36 5.2 5.4 0.2 0.23 4.8 m
Canada 5.4 0.45 0.70 6.5 6.7 0.4 0.19 5.4 5.7
Czech Republic 4.5 n 0.65 5.2 5.5 m 0.27 m m
Denmark 6.5 n 0.31 6.8 8.2 1.4 1.43 6.2 6.4
Finland 6.3 0.02 x 6.3 6.9 m 0.54 6.4 6.4
France 5.8 0.12 0.40 6.3 6.4 0.3 0.13 5.1 5.6
Germany 4.5 n 1.16 5.7 5.9 0.3 0.29 m m
Greece 3.5 m 1.40 4.9 4.9 m m m m
Hungary 4.5 0.04 0.60 5.2 5.3 m 0.09 5.0 5.3
Iceland 5.1 x 0.56 5.7 6.0 m 0.30 4.3 4.8
Ireland 4.5 0.09 0.41 5.0 5.5 m 0.46 4.7 5.2
Italy 4.6 0.05 0.15 4.8 4.9 0.4 0.08 5.8 m
Japan 3.6 m 1.17 4.8 m m m 3.6 4.7
Korea 4.4 m 2.94 7.4 7.4 m n m m
Luxembourg 4.2 0.06 m m m m 0.10 m m
Mexico 4.5 n 0.95 5.5 5.6 0.3 0.11 3.2 m
Netherlands 4.3 0.24 0.14 4.7 5.1 0.6 0.44 m m
New Zealand 6.1 x m m m m 1.19 5.5 m
Norway 6.6 m m m m m m m m
Poland 5.8 0.37 m m m m 0.06 m m
Portugal 5.8 a 0.02 5.8 5.9 0.1 0.11 4.3 m
Spain 4.7 0.03 0.94 5.7 5.8 0.5 0.10 4.2 4.9
Sweden 6.8 a 0.17 6.9 8.5 m m m m
Switzerland 5.4 0.07 0.49 6.0 6.1 0.1 0.11 5.0 m
Turkey m m m m m m m 3.2 3.2
United Kingdom 4.6 0.17 m m m m 0.27 4.3 m
United States 5.2 m 1.70 6.9 7.1 0.1 m m m
Country mean 5.1 0.09 0.76 5.8 6.1 0.4 0.31 4.8 5.2
OECD total 4.8 0.10 1.23 6.1 6.5 0.3 0.21 4.4 5.0
WEI participants
Argentina 3.7 n 0.71 4.4 4.4 n n m m
Brazil 1 4.8 m m m m m m m m
Chile 3.2 0.12 2.52 5.9 5.9 m 0.03 m m
Israel 2 7.5 0.12 1.74 9.4 9.4 0.6 n m m
Malaysia 4.4 n 0.32 4.7 4.7 0.1 n m m
Paraguay 3.7 n m m m n n m m
Philippines 3.0 0.02 1.42 4.4 4.5 1.6 a m m
Thailand 4.5 m m m m m m m m
Uruguay 2.6 a m m m a a m m
Zimbabwe 6.5 n n 6.5 6.8 n 0.29 m m
. 1996 data.
. 1995 data.
ource: OECD Education Database. See Annex 3 for notes.
© OECD 2000
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