Putting it to Work in Developing Countries - Nathan Associates

Subnational investment promotion. Activities that
encourage investment in economically depressed or
government-prioritized regions and that frequently
involve the use of investor incentives.
Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA).
Mechanism used by the United States to structure
bilateral consultations with another government relating
to trade and investment. Consultations encompass
a broad range of issues, including services, investment,
trade in goods, and intellectual property protection. A
TIFA is generally a prerequisite for talks leading to a
bilateral investment treaty (BIT) or free trade agreement
(FTA).
Trade-related investment measure (TRIM). An investment-related
measure that restricts or distorts trade,
such as a requirement that investors use local inputs in
production, or that they meet export performance
mandates.
Transfer pricing. The price of goods exchanged or sold
between affiliates of a multinational corporation.
Because of the absence of a market price, these prices
can be manipulated.
United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD). The focal point within the
United Nations system for the integrated treatment of
trade and development and related issues in investment,
finance, technology, enterprise development, and
sustainable development. UNCTAD was established in
1964. It functions as a forum for intergovernmental
deliberations, undertakes research, policy analysis and
data collection, and provides technical assistance.
Value chain. A subset of a (global) production network
and all activities for making a product or providing a
service, from conception to disposal. Adding “value” to
a production chain improves the product or service and
requires the use of new forms of knowledge or capital,
or both.
Vertical spillovers. Technology transfers up and down a
product or service supply chain. The main mechanism
for such transfers is the training and technical advice
provided by foreign affiliates to upstream suppliers or
downstream producer-customers.
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