Putting it to Work in Developing Countries - Nathan Associates

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Sponsored by USAID’s Bureau of Economic Growth, Agriculture and Trade (EGAT) under Contract No. GS-10F-0619N, Task Order No. EEM-M-00-06-00028-00 and implemented by Nathan Associates Inc., the Trade Capacity Building Bridge Task Order helps USAID to design, implement, and evaluate technical assistance that will stimulate economic growth and reduce poverty. USAID Missions and Bureaus may request more information about the TCB Bridge Task Order by contacting Tracy Quilter, Cognizant Technical Officer for the task order, at tquilter@usaid.gov. The primary author of this resource guide is Roger Manring of Nathan Associates. For further information or for hard copies of publications, please contact Erin Endean Nathan Associates Inc. Project Manager, Trade Capacity Building Bridge Task Order eendean@nathaninc.com
CONTENTS Preface v Executive Summary vii 1. Introduction 1 Objective and Overview 1 Foreign Direct Investment and The Development Model 2 Foreign Direct Investment Defined 4 FDI by Financial Component 8 2. The Case for FDI 11 The Business Case 11 The Development Case 15 FDI and Poverty, Labor, and the Environment 20 3. Trends and Patterns in FDI Flows 23 Overall Trends 24 Sources of FDI 27 Country Concentration of Recipients 27 Distribution by Country Income Level 28 Regional Patterns 30 4. FDI Drivers and Future Directions 39 Profile of FDI by Sector 39 Services FDI—Long-term Growth 43 Manufacturing FDI—Technology-based Future 46 Future FDI Directions—Other Drivers 49 i
Page 1: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT PUTTING I
Page 6 and 7: 5. Attracting FDI 55 What Foreign I
Page 9: PREFACE Trade and foreign direct in
Page 12 and 13: • Strengthening competition and e
Page 14 and 15: 15 years is mixed at the industry l
Page 16 and 17: asis of careful country-by-country
Page 18 and 19: esources, including Internet addres
Page 20 and 21: Figure 1-1 Net Total Resource Flows
Page 22 and 23: Singapore’s Rise and FDI Througho
Page 24 and 25: FDI BY FINANCIAL COMPONENT A foreig
Page 27 and 28: 2. THE CASE FOR FDI International b
Page 29 and 30: The Global Factory—Catalyst for E
Page 31 and 32: countries through mergers and acqui
Page 33 and 34: conditions and policies in host cou
Page 35 and 36: labor market structure and flexibil
Page 37 and 38: and distributors and to invest in e
Page 39 and 40: 3. TRENDS AND PATTERNS IN FDI FLOW
Page 41 and 42: 3. A wave of international corporat
Page 43 and 44: undo improvements in investment cli
Page 45 and 46: Table 3-2 Top Developing Country Re
Page 47 and 48: Three Global Variables in FDI Flows
Page 49 and 50: help maintain and perhaps even add
Page 51 and 52: shot up to almost $16 billion in 20
Page 53: tions and finance, including recent
Page 56 and 57:
Table 4-1 Sector Distribution of Es
Page 58 and 59:
Table 4-2 Estimated Developing Coun
Page 60 and 61:
Figure 4-2 Selected Service Industr
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traditional clients more cost-effec
Page 64 and 65:
Figure 4-5 Selected Manufacturing I
Page 66 and 67:
countries or the Morocco-U.S. FTA w
Page 68 and 69:
PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND Robus
Page 70 and 71:
eported to be a source of FDI throu
Page 72 and 73:
But, in addition to these commercia
Page 74 and 75:
Exhibit 5-1 Selected Investment Sco
Page 76 and 77:
Exhibit 5-2 Selected Investment Cli
Page 78 and 79:
Ultimately, governments must make f
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expedite approvals. Otherwise the a
Page 82 and 83:
Where governments deem incentives n
Page 84 and 85:
services in this phase involve one-
Page 87 and 88:
6. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AND INS
Page 89 and 90:
FREE TRADE AND REGIONAL INTEGRATION
Page 91 and 92:
1998. 11 But many advocates, partic
Page 93 and 94:
Encouraging Local Supply Links: Car
Page 95 and 96:
International Finance Corporation.
Page 97:
specific decisions to invest but do
Page 100 and 101:
4. Some FDI already flows to every
Page 102 and 103:
following priorities recognize thos
Page 104 and 105:
on creating regulatory systems that
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ENDNOTES CHAPTER 1 1 United Nations
Page 109 and 110:
in Empirical FDI Studies,” in Doe
Page 111 and 112:
25 See Koji Miyamoto, “Human Capi
Page 113 and 114:
5 WIR 2004, p. 150, for a descripti
Page 115 and 116:
Countries—The Importance of ICT a
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equirement to export a certain prop
Page 119:
APPENDIX A Data on FDI Flows and St
Page 122 and 123:
Table A-2 Estimated Value of Inward
Page 124 and 125:
Table A-3 Estimated Distribution of
Page 126 and 127:
Table A-4 Developing Countries' Sha
Page 128 and 129:
Resource and Availability UNCTAD. 2
Page 130 and 131:
Resource and Availability Descripti
Page 132 and 133:
Resource and Availability UNCTAD. 2
Page 134 and 135:
Resource and Availability Moran, Th
Page 136 and 137:
Resource and Availability World Ban
Page 138 and 139:
Business linkages. Supplier-produce
Page 140 and 141:
Investment promotion agency (IPA).
Page 142 and 143:
Subnational investment promotion. A
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