Vol. 16â1962 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society

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462 Ooout't'enoe TABLEII chlot'onhenol, ~ Be1'ot'e ( a) 1 hout' 2 days 13 " 22 " 27 " 48 " 55 " 70 " 132 "(b) (a) June 27, 1961 (b) Novembet' 16, 1961 Dete!'minat1on.~verage 01' Four Sampling 'Areas 2,4-D 2,4-DCP Phenol ~ . ug/l uBIl . 0.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 .5 2.0 0.0 11.3 10.5 13.0 ()\ .. :..J,. .' Th~ 1~~a1s 01' 2,4-DCP shown in Table II oan be oompared with threshold taste and odor oonoentrations reported by But'ttsohell et al (4). These investigators 1'ound that1;M'major ohlorination produot. >$".otP.heii6 ...1~. (C6H5.OH).we. Jo .... ~ ?-ehlorophe.nbl,. q.-ohloropheno i".' 2,6-dlohlvrophenQl, 2.4-diol:).lprppnenol and 2,4.o-triohlorophen I' 01' these 1'ive cbmpo~ds. the ,~~OP. 2.4-Dcp.~nd 2.6-DCP were " 1'ound to be. the major' taste~M odor produoEl~~'.' Threshold i' taste aRd odo:rcbncentrat1o~u~,C?f' these 1'1ve'cw,lor1nated phenols a~e 'g1veri1n TaolerfI. The odor level 01' Rockaway Park lake water was not af'1'eoll"il., by the observed concentrations of' 2.4-DCP in Table II since th, threshold:value of'2 re~il'j.eit:\,r;()nstant thro. 70 days of' . examination •. A'. 81'0.t ,checkwEl.S;.~adefor thEt ~yp1cal medicinal' taste .andodorof'chlQrina~eq'MenoJ,s at 1:32.:ldays since a concentration of' 13.0 ulzll of 2,'.4o:..n.CPwas f'ounq}.,41,'Nomedicinal taste or' odo'r .w.as,,o.bserre.d." .... ,.¢h .... ·.ese dat.a ~re.,.J1n.··.g.eneral agreement With Buzwttschel). ,sinc~t~, concentraticmsot2.4-DCP did not sign1ticantIyexceed tho~e'~equlred tQ·~ar11a taste OP to raise the thre'shold odor level. . . . .,-,"" i , .... . ,f 2, 4_D~~q:~:mo~~e~~~\;tw;~t,tror:~dQi3~edrYf.d i~;~e u~'~ao;er4! not verified by subsequent analysis and, therefore, were not considered valid.
TABLEIII Threshold Taste and Odor Concentration ot Various Phenolic' , Compounds(a) ! Component Geometric Mean Threshold-ug/l ~ ~ Phenol 2-CP 4-cp 2,h.-DCP 2,6-DCP 2,4,6!~TCP -,..1000 4 "'1000 8 2 "'1000 (a) a~ter Burttschell e~ ~l (4) 7 1000 2 250 2 3 ~1000 The data also indicate th~t any 2,4-DCPpresent in a lake treated with 2,4-D would be there primarily'~san impurity ~roin the ~ormulation. There is no evidence from this study to suggest that,an appreciable oonoentration 0~'2,4-DCP would arise ~rom the biological degradation o~ 2,4--D. I~ 2,4-DCP is an intermediate degradation product, then apparently it decomposes at about the same rate as 2,4-D. The data also show that2,4-D does not Persist ~or any appreciable length o~ time. This compound apparently reaches its peak concentration soon a~ter application whereupon it , decreases to levels that reach ~ sensitivity o~ the analytical method. In addition, very small amounts o~ 2,4-D, 13-50 ug/l, , were detected in the "~ree ~lowing" portion o~ the lake that . came ~rom the initial 1.34 mg/l dosage. ThIs'may be an empirioal reason why, in this particular study, the degradation o~ small amounts o~ 2.4-D is not a signi~icant source o~ 2.4-DCP. This study, perhaps, presents a more realistic picture of the occurrence and persistence o~ 2,4-DCP in a 2,4-D- treated , lake than the carboy study reported here last'year (6). At ' that time, there was evidence that 2,4-DCP oouurred and persisted at levels high enough to produce taetes and odors according to the data o~ Burttschell. Since this investigation was limited to one lake and one type o~ ~ormulation, however, additional ~ield studies are needed to show tme.'e~fect o~ various concentrations of 2,4-Dand of other types of formulations on taste and odor water quality. The previous carboy study showed that the ooncentir-atn orr iot' 2,4-DCP impur,i ty varied considerably with type and concentration of ~ormulation (6). The
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PRESENTANDFUTtJU OF AQUATIC'. WIlD
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Complete reports from 12 Nor~heaste
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The reawakening in aquatic weed con
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,10.1ng -2,4.,;iD (19), 2,4~5.T (4)
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9 The Role of the State in Res idue
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,., 1'4 keep developmental work in
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In addition to a review of field an
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State workers have to consider resi
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The vigorous regrowth of quackgrass
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during t,he sUllllller.is l,ower ll
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5. llslapon and other chlorine,ted
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23 • ·i INTRODUCTION: !!'he Bear
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Some damage to runners rssul ted fr
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27 CELLSTRUCTUREANDPLANTGROWTHCRMON
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pel'fQ.,..d,-.ear17M1932. that the
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a copious precipitate deposits afte
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B) A general review of the subject
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This narrative of ineptitude must b
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does Jo run a recreational facility
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Another pote1U:ialuse for chemicals
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Newapproaches in the use of herbici
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43 sentence would bear this out". T
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More and more each year since the a
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11. Rice, E. J. The effects of cUlt
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PFSI'ICIDESUSED - - - - - - - - - -
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__..:I whether or not these apparen
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Dosage. Ib./acre Dimethyl tetrachlo
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~ ~_~ __ L L Table 2. Weed Susceoti
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- - - - - - - - ~, - - - - --- - -
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Table 7.. Weed Control in :l:!c,Ql1
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Table '1. Rat.1lISstI 'Of carrot an
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H , 'ta~l!. g,._~e~_O!~ut~• .:.:.
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65 plant press and dried in a f~ced
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67 Tablet. 'lIi! EFFECT'or AN'INO'l
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69 THE INFLUENCE JIt P.I!ll'ROLEUM
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71 1 CDEC(Ee) 2 " " 3 4 " 5 " " 6 7
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!a~l~ 1._ ~!:.c!: :!!1~hJl!:e.::m~d
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75 EFFECT;OFCOMPOSITIONANDVOLUMEOF
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A LOGARITHMICSPRAlERFORSMALLPLCflSY
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79 Do~ Calculations The actual init
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Selective Herbicides for Several Cr
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83 Susceptible weeds Tolerant weeds
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85 Marion Market 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Da
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Table 5. Bai
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weeding of Lima Bean. With Chemical
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EFFECTOF HERBICIDESONQUALITYANDYIEL
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Results Date treated: 9/6/61 Soil m
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95 Date planted: 915/61 Date treate
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Table 3. Yield Data on Hanover and
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Weeding of Carrots With 'pre-lilanU
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101 WEEDCONTROLSTUDIESIN SEElED ONI
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Weather conditions at the two locat
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In contrast to the damage noted in
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107 Literature Cited 1. Althaus. R.
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Table 1. Weed control: stand of pla
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Results and Discussion. The data, p
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CIPO, Vegadex, and Randox Singly or
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Table 1•. Wa. control, stand of p
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'Ihree experiments were conducted i
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a- Table 2_"COIIlpartsonof' Several
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fJ Table 3. CcBparison of Several.
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c
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Table 1. Seeding and Weed Counts on
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WEEDCONTROLANDTHE IMPROVEMENT OF SE
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Following emergence of the tomato s
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indicates that several of the treat
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DISCUSSIONOF RESULTS Transplant Tom
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harvest was covered with weeds, and
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An additional 2 years of tests on f
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~ Table 2 .--l Average Number and P
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~ Table 4 Total Yields in Number an
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"" ~ Table 6 Bvalu~t1.on of S&l~nto
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of weed eoneee I without inj ury 't
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1. Associate Research Specialist in
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Stulllll&ry A study was lh1tlatedto
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Table 2. The residual effects of se
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FURTHEROBSERVATIONS ONCONTROL OF TH
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Table 3 - Mean per cent brake contr
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lAssociate Research Spec1alist in W
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PRE-E~mRGENCE WEEDCONTROLTEST IN RE
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161 Table 2. Tolerance of Beets and
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163 Results generally were good wee
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USE OF GRANULAR CHl!H[CALAPPLICATOR
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u.s. #1 potatoes and weed control e
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0' ~ Table 2. Pre-emergent weed con
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Table 3. Post-hilling weed control
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~/Pe.nt>:r lITn. h.7(L T1o:oTl.,:r+
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In table 2 are presettted weed a*1'
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Since rec1root is only one of the I
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w.l.th 3 and 4 Ibs. ot Randox per a
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181 CONTROLOF ANNUALWEEDSIN pOTATOE
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The following comments on the vario
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185 S\:U!U!1fryand ConclWtlon No he
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187 Table 2. Potato YIelds Followin
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Residue analysis of potatoes treate
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soil temperatures at the time the m
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( ( ~able 2. Effect of Several Che~
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195 PROBLEMSIN THEAPPLICATIONOF HER
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197 scale tests on 2 cOlJllllercial
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l!!!! Experiment A factorial experi
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frOlll plot. at .horter i*nalt (~ t
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6.50 Table 1. Effe,ct of p"e- an
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205 EVALUATION0It' DACTHAL * HERBIC
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The 1959 and 1960 replicated field
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209 TABLEII Average Weed Cont~l Exh
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Where the weed eompleJl;conststs of
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...... 1.67, 213 Table 1. Effect of
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215 Table 2. Bffect of pre-plant he
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.217 Pive pre-plant herbicide. were
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219 Table 1. Effect of pre-p1anthel
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Table 2. tilat' of pre-plantbftb.tc
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l EVALUATIONOF THREEHERBICIDESONPnE
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TABLE2. TIll HIGHESTlATEOFHERBICIDE
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Because of the lush growth of quack
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Table 2. Effects of Herbicides on Q
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Table 3. Effects of Herbicides on A
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233 The inhibitory activity was ass
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non-polar solvents. Table 5 shows t
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237 Figure I Bioassay of cbrOlll4to
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239 Weed Control and Residual Effec
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Rototilling was done in June·' SO
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243 in the spring of 1961 preceedin
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WEEDCONTROL.AR
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Li£erature Cited 1. Chappell. W. E
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Tl'eatments ghing un.811~!8facto%'y
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Table 1. Designa t ion Am1l:)en .\
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Table 3. Percent Broadleat Weed Con
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,255 CONTROLOF ANNUALWlmDSIN swDT C
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of Casoron per acre was statistical
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~.-! _ 1.37 ~ Table 2. Sweet Corn Y
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Table 4. Peroent Control ot Ann.ual
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EVALUATIONOF FIVE _~p>I!:S FOR KILL
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265 STRAWBERRY HERBICIDEINVESTIGATI
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267 Table 2. Eftect Of'herbicidet~e
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'h ", 4. Tillam lOG at 5 lb/A a.i.
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Asparagus The results of weed contr
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273 TABLEII. ~1EED CONTROLANDYIELD
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~ C'l TABLE tv. lIEE» OON1T..OLAND
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WEEDCONTROLIN TRANSPLANT TOMATOES (
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279 ·QUACKGRASSCONTROL S.M. Raleig
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281 table II. The control of:'4oaek
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no cultivation during the growing s
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SummaryandConclu.1Qp' 1. A quackgra
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If or where farmer acceptance of a
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,~, ~ Tab1.e II. Chemical. Treatmen
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so11 per plot at each sampling date
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418' 293 Table III Main Eff,ects of
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Table V, }nt ...... e..• ,fa~, I;
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plots showed smaller decreases with
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FURTHEREVALUmONor HERBICIDESFal· W
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301 In the SUIIIIIlf)1' seeding, th
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The results were similar to those o
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In another experiment, loam soil wa
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apparently due to severe competitio
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ab1e 2. Average dry weight of corn
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311 The most strllt~Mrr~ct. ~fiIIJI
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313 RE9lfm'$~lfI)DI3CtlSSION '1.",
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315 LrrERATURECITED 1. Fertig, Stan
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.~ pattern following applications o
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Ratings at the time of'gJ;Vllst; al
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THERESPONSEOF NUTGRASS TO HERBIC~I)
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'\.......- TABLE2. Ratings of Nutgr
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All treatments produced si~1f~c~tly
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A 327 WEBDe
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. Eli'FECTSali' WEEDSON YIELD AND"G
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Pollen Maturity: ",l. ,. Broadleaf
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'--' The applicators were tested un
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335 Figure 1. The effeetof partic1e
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337 SRFeader 1 On this spreader onl
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Table 4. The effect of speed, p~~cl
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Table 1: Herbicidal treatments used
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·000 .000, I II ! WEEDCONTROLRATIN
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2.5000 CORNINJURY EXPRESSEDAS SQUAR
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347 1. 2. Danielson. l , ;4. L. Ef~
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',-- 34~ 3-(3 ..4-Dichlorophenyl)-1
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weed control with adequate safety t
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Untreated Table 2. Directed Post-E"
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.s .... __ Table 7. Pre-Emel'ae~eWe
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experiment is reported herE!. Trifl
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Results are given. in Table 4~J'Rot
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In Princeton fine sand, tritlupalin
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Included in the lima. bean test wer
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Table 1. The Effects ofS8veral form
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Table 3. The effects of several for
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369 Table 5. The effects of sev~ral
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• ~ : .• \ • ' -' ..,,:- ',-"
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Heights of barley were significantl
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Table 2. The effe,cts of s~\I'~ral
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Table 4. 377 The effects of aevel8.
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,:' A PROGRESSREPORTONCOMIo!ERCIAL
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4. Undesirable dead stem.,lio not r
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areas under service conditionsa~ va
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We ,prpbablyhave no speeie of g~owt
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control. At the end of the third ye
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initial defoliation was evident lat
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OBJECTIVE In 1958 an experiment was
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Replicates DlO 810 I 2.0 0.5 II 1.5
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DISCUSSION One Year After Applicati
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1. Button, E.F. Bndwrfg'h~';J .L. ,
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399 The treatment consisted of appl
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401 FIELD PROCEDURES Although. the
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403 In the light of these data it a
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405 ...·1!MLE I SAMPLECHARACTERIST
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407 , '.". '.·',',~'l~rL,i;'. "\"
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dltterent l"atespacaoreand"~"at thr
Page 411 and 412: 411 RESULTS ireatmentettect was det
Page 413 and 414: , 413 ;. ' "1 ' "':j " • made wit
Page 415 and 416: ( ( . Table 3. Effectiveness on Spe
Page 417 and 418: 417 FENURQlt,A PROMISINGNEWTOOL FOR
Page 419 and 420: There are a number of reaso~ for un
Page 421 and 422: .n_ots, "'hhin a few months after:
Page 423 and 424: sater method ot tree-killing close
Page 425 and 426: Material ~izone is a,mixedf~g.. t w
Page 427 and 428: 427 On November 16, 1961, at the en
Page 429 and 430: CHBMI-THINNINGWITH,AIrlINES IN THED
Page 431 and 432: These tests show once aaaiJithe nee
Page 433 and 434: Th:Ls ch!~ca1. tx'eatme:n1!_1IhClJ.
Page 435 and 436: : if.. . ' A Comparative Study of t
Page 437 and 438: 'j 437 petioles, now elongated,f'or
Page 439 and 440: Helisoma, Menetus, fhYSa andValvata
Page 441 and 442: i s. The benth1c populat1Q~ W¥", O
Page 443 and 444: 443 Eurasian. wa~lfoil a W8t.f~~ ap
Page 445 and 446: Empb4sis was on testing DOD-volatil
Page 447 and 448: 447 . , , -. I':'V'est~a.ti
Page 449 and 450: FIELDOBSERVATIONS UPONESTUARINE ANI
Page 451 and 452: more than 2 feet. ExceptionalUdes s
Page 453 and 454: TABLE1. Responseof oysters t~ diffe
Page 455 and 456: In the'Dundee Creek series. ,one of
Page 457 and 458: workers. springer (1961) cite8& num
Page 459 and 460: OBSERVATIONSONTHE OCCURRENCE' ANDPE
Page 461: 461 TABLE! Chemical Water QuaU1?::r
Page 465 and 466: (1.1-) Burttschell, R.H. , et al.,
Page 467 and 468: Code A - seeded June 29 B - seeded
Page 469 and 470: SUIIIIJ~, ~ Conclusions 5' 469 The
Page 472 and 473: III. Average turf scores l' of thre
Page 474 and 475: 474 PIft'J'OTOXICBlFBQTS'QJe'CBRTAI
Page 476 and 477: 476 MERIONBLUEGBASS• T!BATANDsgD
Page 478 and 479: 478 In general. the treatments appl
Page 480 and 481: 4BJ days follow:lng the ohemical tr
Page 482 and 483: ') ') ' :_B!.ue~s•. Fescue au:l~"
Page 484 and 485: :". ',J P~E~ C!',. O~.C~G~S 'F.~HEM
Page 486 and 487: Lima and ferd'1izer applications sh
Page 488 and 489: 4es 1'.o~~1ty, ", .ewf!r''''rsenc.
Page 490 and 491: } ) Table 1. Besu):ta.Qf 1961 pre-e
Page 492 and 493: 492 corresponding plots on este.bl1
Page 494 and 495: 494 ae.u!s,'I!IIDi,cua.:Lon leUllll
Page 496 and 497: 496 D±!3pa,~n~ Resul te)I? .,l-ta,
Page 498 and 499: 498 1 . 1 J. E. Gallagher and n. J.
Page 500 and 501: 500 Da1;ejJ01 e~uations ~,a.;t'ollC
Page 502 and 503: 502 TADLEIt Comparison of "severalc
Page 504 and 505: 504 TADLE3: Pre-oemergence and poet
Page 506 and 507: 506 Table 1. Re8eeding Resulte:afit
Page 508 and 509: 5"8 d1propalin ortrifluralin 'at ':
Page 510 and 511: 510 aUlIPIl iri '-1: ' D" "" Diphen
Page 512 and 513:
Fall ve. spriif ~nts .. 'Ibe",obl1.
Page 514 and 515:
514 ~ Tab1e2. Cr&bgraS$'Contr01 in
Page 516 and 517:
516 ,';1:".i'"'f'!r": :~,j i: .. r
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. ~lS residual cemtrol of crabgrssi
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520 - . \.. ; ."," ,
Page 522 and 523:
5~2 'rab4t13.· ~gtnc. ·QGabtiol:o
Page 524 and 525:
524 PRE.._RGENCE AMU' POsT-EHERGENC
Page 526 and 527:
526 Table 1. 'l'a):lsra,. ContrO.k1
Page 528 and 529:
528 Pre- andpost ..emergejljCec:rab
Page 530 and 531:
530 Prior to each chemical applicat
Page 532 and 533:
u 532 3) Those trea.t,mellts which
Page 534 and 535:
Table I (Coot'd) 27. JSc.F,~iOe t$~
Page 536 and 537:
536 EXPERIMENTS ONTHECHOOCALCOIm'l)
Page 538 and 539:
~______ , 53S Table 1: Control of c
Page 540 and 541:
54' In a similar po st-ell1~rgence
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542 da~hal and diphenatrile) at ear
Page 545 and 546:
.. ";' -:' il; JT!.: .'\ i~'J" ; ~J
Page 547 and 548:
541 Distr:tbution of radioacti~tl t
Page 549 and 550:
549 •RESULTS The distribution of
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GRAPHII: Comparison of the~.tl;'i~u
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"-...-.. J.4 The distribution of r~
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Vol. 16â1962 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society