Vol. 16â1962 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society

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546 ,'j' .~•.~COVERY;OFC14AMIl9EW FROMA 'ryPICAL'GIU!mIOUSE TYPESOIL -,,~lJh:... /" (1,' ',.~; FIr, by Me- :t. Sutherland , , INTOODUcr ION The effectiveness and depend~bility of a soil active herbicide is greatly influenced by such variatcros as leaching, photodecomposition, ,~,e~~l,d~~~tion, and:~~~tionby sodll$l>Uoids. If achemlcal ,,"iibAA' fOJ\~ ~~~oundin qlle.llt.ion is nota vaiJlBblea bioassay technique ~~ o1;'teJ'l~1J.11~,Ile
541 Distr:tbution of radioacti~tl through soil pl'otdle: A procedure was developed where layers of soil"in 1/8" increments could be counted directly in a gil' now,windowlesll1>roportional counter. A stainless steel tube with 1/8"w811, 1 314"diameter, and 6" long was sharpened on one end. This tube was forced by hand.'into the treated containers wi th a rotary motion until only It" of t~ tube remained above the soil surface. Moisture conditions were such th ..t.'the soil remained inside the steel tube when it was pulled back out of the soil. The core was then extruded out the top of the tube 1/8" at a timer by. inserting 1/8" shima at the bottom. Since the planchets used for counting the soil were only l:t" in diameter this allowed'" of the outer edge of the soil layer to be trimmed away. This minimizes any shifting of theo:soll.l profile due to » friction between the soil core and the tube as the ·core was first forlOOd or extruded. Planchete containing the· soil layerswe~ drlied at 125 0 C for one hour prior to counting. Chemical recovery and identtification of radioaot1vity from different· soil levels. Larger samples of i" soil lay~:rs for chemical apalysis were collected in a very similar .fashion to that ciescribed previou .•;Ly., The aluminum tu@ used to obtain the coil core had 'a 1/8" wall and lOOaJ,ured4" in diameter and 10" long •. The tube was forged ,into the ground by hand and a soil core. 4t" deep was removed. The soil. core was extruded' out t~e top in t" incre,... ments and collected in a petri dish., The average dW Weight of each t laiYltr was 80 grams. .. Fifty grams of soil from each .~ layer was Plac~"in a 250.cc beaker ~ mixed with 50cc ofa 10% Ba(OH)?aol~tion. The mixtqre was boiled on·a· bot plate for 30 minutes with occaei.onal, stirring •. The.fll;Lurry was then transferred to high density polyethylene centrifuge bottles and centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 10 minutes. The supernate was decan~(1nto a 250cc beaker and the precip:ltat,e resuspended in2$cp boiling water al}ll,centrifuged. The . combined supernates were adjuste4 to pH 2.5 withC9ll\ff!ntrated H2S04' The" barium sulfate. tbat was formed tias J'!!mond, by. centr~llgation and supernate •. decanted off. .'rilebarium sulfate !l;j~ resuspended i~,J.5.cc water and centr-ifuged. The. pH of the combined sUJI!lrpates was readj~ted to 2.5 and extrac;\ed with three 25cc portions of dietitl¥~. ether. The e.th~~xtract was backwaSp#!d with 5cc of pH 3 water. 'Ihe ettle.r. e,xtract was then~laced in a 125 round ' bottom flask containing 5cc of methanol and evaporat~d to 5cc on a rotating flash evaporator. The 5cc of methanol concentrate was transferred to a 10cc stoppered graduate and diluted to 10cc with methanOl. One milliliter aliquots of this concentrate were pippetted directiyonto a stainless steel planchet with raised concentric rings in the floor (Nuclear - Chicago Corp. GC -12 sample pan). The planchets were dried on a rotating platform under an infra-red lamp located approximately 6" above the samples. The samples were heated several minutes after all of the volatile liquid appeared to have disappeared and then counted. j
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PRESENTANDFUTtJU OF AQUATIC'. WIlD
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Complete reports from 12 Nor~heaste
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The reawakening in aquatic weed con
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,10.1ng -2,4.,;iD (19), 2,4~5.T (4)
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9 The Role of the State in Res idue
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,., 1'4 keep developmental work in
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In addition to a review of field an
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State workers have to consider resi
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The vigorous regrowth of quackgrass
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during t,he sUllllller.is l,ower ll
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5. llslapon and other chlorine,ted
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23 • ·i INTRODUCTION: !!'he Bear
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Some damage to runners rssul ted fr
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27 CELLSTRUCTUREANDPLANTGROWTHCRMON
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pel'fQ.,..d,-.ear17M1932. that the
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a copious precipitate deposits afte
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B) A general review of the subject
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This narrative of ineptitude must b
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does Jo run a recreational facility
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Another pote1U:ialuse for chemicals
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Newapproaches in the use of herbici
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43 sentence would bear this out". T
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More and more each year since the a
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11. Rice, E. J. The effects of cUlt
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PFSI'ICIDESUSED - - - - - - - - - -
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__..:I whether or not these apparen
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Dosage. Ib./acre Dimethyl tetrachlo
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~ ~_~ __ L L Table 2. Weed Susceoti
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- - - - - - - - ~, - - - - --- - -
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Table 7.. Weed Control in :l:!c,Ql1
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Table '1. Rat.1lISstI 'Of carrot an
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H , 'ta~l!. g,._~e~_O!~ut~• .:.:.
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65 plant press and dried in a f~ced
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67 Tablet. 'lIi! EFFECT'or AN'INO'l
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69 THE INFLUENCE JIt P.I!ll'ROLEUM
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71 1 CDEC(Ee) 2 " " 3 4 " 5 " " 6 7
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!a~l~ 1._ ~!:.c!: :!!1~hJl!:e.::m~d
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75 EFFECT;OFCOMPOSITIONANDVOLUMEOF
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A LOGARITHMICSPRAlERFORSMALLPLCflSY
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79 Do~ Calculations The actual init
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Selective Herbicides for Several Cr
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83 Susceptible weeds Tolerant weeds
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85 Marion Market 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Da
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Table 5. Bai
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weeding of Lima Bean. With Chemical
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EFFECTOF HERBICIDESONQUALITYANDYIEL
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Results Date treated: 9/6/61 Soil m
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95 Date planted: 915/61 Date treate
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Table 3. Yield Data on Hanover and
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Weeding of Carrots With 'pre-lilanU
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101 WEEDCONTROLSTUDIESIN SEElED ONI
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Weather conditions at the two locat
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In contrast to the damage noted in
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107 Literature Cited 1. Althaus. R.
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Table 1. Weed control: stand of pla
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Results and Discussion. The data, p
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CIPO, Vegadex, and Randox Singly or
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Table 1•. Wa. control, stand of p
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'Ihree experiments were conducted i
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a- Table 2_"COIIlpartsonof' Several
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fJ Table 3. CcBparison of Several.
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c
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Table 1. Seeding and Weed Counts on
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WEEDCONTROLANDTHE IMPROVEMENT OF SE
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Following emergence of the tomato s
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indicates that several of the treat
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DISCUSSIONOF RESULTS Transplant Tom
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harvest was covered with weeds, and
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An additional 2 years of tests on f
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~ Table 2 .--l Average Number and P
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~ Table 4 Total Yields in Number an
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"" ~ Table 6 Bvalu~t1.on of S&l~nto
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of weed eoneee I without inj ury 't
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1. Associate Research Specialist in
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Stulllll&ry A study was lh1tlatedto
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Table 2. The residual effects of se
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FURTHEROBSERVATIONS ONCONTROL OF TH
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Table 3 - Mean per cent brake contr
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lAssociate Research Spec1alist in W
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PRE-E~mRGENCE WEEDCONTROLTEST IN RE
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161 Table 2. Tolerance of Beets and
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163 Results generally were good wee
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USE OF GRANULAR CHl!H[CALAPPLICATOR
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u.s. #1 potatoes and weed control e
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0' ~ Table 2. Pre-emergent weed con
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Table 3. Post-hilling weed control
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~/Pe.nt>:r lITn. h.7(L T1o:oTl.,:r+
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In table 2 are presettted weed a*1'
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Since rec1root is only one of the I
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w.l.th 3 and 4 Ibs. ot Randox per a
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181 CONTROLOF ANNUALWEEDSIN pOTATOE
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The following comments on the vario
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185 S\:U!U!1fryand ConclWtlon No he
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187 Table 2. Potato YIelds Followin
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Residue analysis of potatoes treate
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soil temperatures at the time the m
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( ( ~able 2. Effect of Several Che~
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195 PROBLEMSIN THEAPPLICATIONOF HER
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197 scale tests on 2 cOlJllllercial
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l!!!! Experiment A factorial experi
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frOlll plot. at .horter i*nalt (~ t
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6.50 Table 1. Effe,ct of p"e- an
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205 EVALUATION0It' DACTHAL * HERBIC
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The 1959 and 1960 replicated field
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209 TABLEII Average Weed Cont~l Exh
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Where the weed eompleJl;conststs of
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...... 1.67, 213 Table 1. Effect of
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215 Table 2. Bffect of pre-plant he
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.217 Pive pre-plant herbicide. were
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219 Table 1. Effect of pre-p1anthel
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Table 2. tilat' of pre-plantbftb.tc
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l EVALUATIONOF THREEHERBICIDESONPnE
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TABLE2. TIll HIGHESTlATEOFHERBICIDE
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Because of the lush growth of quack
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Table 2. Effects of Herbicides on Q
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Table 3. Effects of Herbicides on A
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233 The inhibitory activity was ass
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non-polar solvents. Table 5 shows t
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237 Figure I Bioassay of cbrOlll4to
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239 Weed Control and Residual Effec
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Rototilling was done in June·' SO
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243 in the spring of 1961 preceedin
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WEEDCONTROL.AR
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Li£erature Cited 1. Chappell. W. E
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Tl'eatments ghing un.811~!8facto%'y
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Table 1. Designa t ion Am1l:)en .\
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Table 3. Percent Broadleat Weed Con
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,255 CONTROLOF ANNUALWlmDSIN swDT C
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of Casoron per acre was statistical
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~.-! _ 1.37 ~ Table 2. Sweet Corn Y
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Table 4. Peroent Control ot Ann.ual
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EVALUATIONOF FIVE _~p>I!:S FOR KILL
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265 STRAWBERRY HERBICIDEINVESTIGATI
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267 Table 2. Eftect Of'herbicidet~e
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'h ", 4. Tillam lOG at 5 lb/A a.i.
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Asparagus The results of weed contr
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273 TABLEII. ~1EED CONTROLANDYIELD
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~ C'l TABLE tv. lIEE» OON1T..OLAND
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WEEDCONTROLIN TRANSPLANT TOMATOES (
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279 ·QUACKGRASSCONTROL S.M. Raleig
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281 table II. The control of:'4oaek
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no cultivation during the growing s
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SummaryandConclu.1Qp' 1. A quackgra
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If or where farmer acceptance of a
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,~, ~ Tab1.e II. Chemical. Treatmen
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so11 per plot at each sampling date
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418' 293 Table III Main Eff,ects of
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Table V, }nt ...... e..• ,fa~, I;
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plots showed smaller decreases with
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FURTHEREVALUmONor HERBICIDESFal· W
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301 In the SUIIIIIlf)1' seeding, th
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The results were similar to those o
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In another experiment, loam soil wa
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apparently due to severe competitio
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ab1e 2. Average dry weight of corn
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311 The most strllt~Mrr~ct. ~fiIIJI
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313 RE9lfm'$~lfI)DI3CtlSSION '1.",
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315 LrrERATURECITED 1. Fertig, Stan
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.~ pattern following applications o
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Ratings at the time of'gJ;Vllst; al
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THERESPONSEOF NUTGRASS TO HERBIC~I)
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'\.......- TABLE2. Ratings of Nutgr
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All treatments produced si~1f~c~tly
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A 327 WEBDe
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. Eli'FECTSali' WEEDSON YIELD AND"G
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Pollen Maturity: ",l. ,. Broadleaf
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'--' The applicators were tested un
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335 Figure 1. The effeetof partic1e
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337 SRFeader 1 On this spreader onl
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Table 4. The effect of speed, p~~cl
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Table 1: Herbicidal treatments used
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·000 .000, I II ! WEEDCONTROLRATIN
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2.5000 CORNINJURY EXPRESSEDAS SQUAR
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347 1. 2. Danielson. l , ;4. L. Ef~
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',-- 34~ 3-(3 ..4-Dichlorophenyl)-1
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weed control with adequate safety t
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Untreated Table 2. Directed Post-E"
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.s .... __ Table 7. Pre-Emel'ae~eWe
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experiment is reported herE!. Trifl
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Results are given. in Table 4~J'Rot
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In Princeton fine sand, tritlupalin
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Included in the lima. bean test wer
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Table 1. The Effects ofS8veral form
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Table 3. The effects of several for
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369 Table 5. The effects of sev~ral
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• ~ : .• \ • ' -' ..,,:- ',-"
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Heights of barley were significantl
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Table 2. The effe,cts of s~\I'~ral
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Table 4. 377 The effects of aevel8.
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,:' A PROGRESSREPORTONCOMIo!ERCIAL
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4. Undesirable dead stem.,lio not r
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areas under service conditionsa~ va
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We ,prpbablyhave no speeie of g~owt
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control. At the end of the third ye
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initial defoliation was evident lat
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OBJECTIVE In 1958 an experiment was
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Replicates DlO 810 I 2.0 0.5 II 1.5
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DISCUSSION One Year After Applicati
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1. Button, E.F. Bndwrfg'h~';J .L. ,
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399 The treatment consisted of appl
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401 FIELD PROCEDURES Although. the
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403 In the light of these data it a
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405 ...·1!MLE I SAMPLECHARACTERIST
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407 , '.". '.·',',~'l~rL,i;'. "\"
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dltterent l"atespacaoreand"~"at thr
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411 RESULTS ireatmentettect was det
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, 413 ;. ' "1 ' "':j " • made wit
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( ( . Table 3. Effectiveness on Spe
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417 FENURQlt,A PROMISINGNEWTOOL FOR
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There are a number of reaso~ for un
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.n_ots, "'hhin a few months after:
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sater method ot tree-killing close
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Material ~izone is a,mixedf~g.. t w
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427 On November 16, 1961, at the en
Page 429 and 430:
CHBMI-THINNINGWITH,AIrlINES IN THED
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These tests show once aaaiJithe nee
Page 433 and 434:
Th:Ls ch!~ca1. tx'eatme:n1!_1IhClJ.
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: if.. . ' A Comparative Study of t
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'j 437 petioles, now elongated,f'or
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Helisoma, Menetus, fhYSa andValvata
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i s. The benth1c populat1Q~ W¥", O
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443 Eurasian. wa~lfoil a W8t.f~~ ap
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Empb4sis was on testing DOD-volatil
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447 . , , -. I':'V'est~a.ti
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FIELDOBSERVATIONS UPONESTUARINE ANI
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more than 2 feet. ExceptionalUdes s
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TABLE1. Responseof oysters t~ diffe
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In the'Dundee Creek series. ,one of
Page 457 and 458:
workers. springer (1961) cite8& num
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OBSERVATIONSONTHE OCCURRENCE' ANDPE
Page 461 and 462:
461 TABLE! Chemical Water QuaU1?::r
Page 463 and 464:
TABLEIII Threshold Taste and Odor C
Page 465 and 466:
(1.1-) Burttschell, R.H. , et al.,
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Code A - seeded June 29 B - seeded
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SUIIIIJ~, ~ Conclusions 5' 469 The
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III. Average turf scores l' of thre
Page 474 and 475:
474 PIft'J'OTOXICBlFBQTS'QJe'CBRTAI
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476 MERIONBLUEGBASS• T!BATANDsgD
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478 In general. the treatments appl
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4BJ days follow:lng the ohemical tr
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') ') ' :_B!.ue~s•. Fescue au:l~"
Page 484 and 485:
:". ',J P~E~ C!',. O~.C~G~S 'F.~HEM
Page 486 and 487:
Lima and ferd'1izer applications sh
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4es 1'.o~~1ty, ", .ewf!r''''rsenc.
Page 490 and 491:
} ) Table 1. Besu):ta.Qf 1961 pre-e
Page 492 and 493:
492 corresponding plots on este.bl1
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494 ae.u!s,'I!IIDi,cua.:Lon leUllll
Page 496 and 497: 496 D±!3pa,~n~ Resul te)I? .,l-ta,
Page 498 and 499: 498 1 . 1 J. E. Gallagher and n. J.
Page 500 and 501: 500 Da1;ejJ01 e~uations ~,a.;t'ollC
Page 502 and 503: 502 TADLEIt Comparison of "severalc
Page 504 and 505: 504 TADLE3: Pre-oemergence and poet
Page 506 and 507: 506 Table 1. Re8eeding Resulte:afit
Page 508 and 509: 5"8 d1propalin ortrifluralin 'at ':
Page 510 and 511: 510 aUlIPIl iri '-1: ' D" "" Diphen
Page 512 and 513: Fall ve. spriif ~nts .. 'Ibe",obl1.
Page 514 and 515: 514 ~ Tab1e2. Cr&bgraS$'Contr01 in
Page 516 and 517: 516 ,';1:".i'"'f'!r": :~,j i: .. r
Page 518 and 519: . ~lS residual cemtrol of crabgrssi
Page 520 and 521: 520 - . \.. ; ."," ,
Page 522 and 523: 5~2 'rab4t13.· ~gtnc. ·QGabtiol:o
Page 524 and 525: 524 PRE.._RGENCE AMU' POsT-EHERGENC
Page 526 and 527: 526 Table 1. 'l'a):lsra,. ContrO.k1
Page 528 and 529: 528 Pre- andpost ..emergejljCec:rab
Page 530 and 531: 530 Prior to each chemical applicat
Page 532 and 533: u 532 3) Those trea.t,mellts which
Page 534 and 535: Table I (Coot'd) 27. JSc.F,~iOe t$~
Page 536 and 537: 536 EXPERIMENTS ONTHECHOOCALCOIm'l)
Page 538 and 539: ~______ , 53S Table 1: Control of c
Page 540 and 541: 54' In a similar po st-ell1~rgence
Page 542: 542 da~hal and diphenatrile) at ear
Page 545: .. ";' -:' il; JT!.: .'\ i~'J" ; ~J
Page 549 and 550: 549 •RESULTS The distribution of
Page 551 and 552: GRAPHII: Comparison of the~.tl;'i~u
Page 553: "-...-.. J.4 The distribution of r~
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Vol. 16â1962 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society

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Vol. 16â1962 - NorthEastern Weed Science Society