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Recommendation 3. Village-level waterrelated participatory planning should take place within a wider district planning framework. Recommendation 4. There should be a much greater emphasis on water resource management and a shift of emphasis from supply to demand management of water resources. Recommendation 5. As part of a larger programme of making better use of waterrelated information in decision-making processes at all levels, GIS-linked participatory assessments should become part of routine M&E of rural water supply and sanitation programmes. Recommendation 6. A major effort is needed to update and improve the quality of the water-related information that is being used to underpin water-related decision making at all levels. Effort should also be directed towards making information more accessible to potential users, particularly at the district level. The recommendations listed above should be viewed within the overall recommendation that the APRLP and similar programmes should adopt and build capacity at all levels in adaptive and integrated water resources management principles and methodologies. 5 8.2 Recommendation 1 – Wider range of options Although the study findings suggest a rather gloomy state of affairs in terms of the current and future status of water resources in the study mandals, one positive conclusion is that there are a large number of water management options that could be promoted by APRLP. These are summarised in Tables 13-19. All these options have the potential to increase the productivity of water use and/or to improve equitable access to water resources. However, matching of options to particular physical, social and institutional settings is crucial. As part of this targeting process, particular consideration should be given to the trade-offs associated with each option or sequence of options. 5 GWP (2000) provides a good description of the principles of integrated water resources management. Table 13. Rainfed arable cropping options Options Specific details Potential trade-offs Increasing the . Selection of appropriate crops Drainage and, hence, productive use . Use of good genetic material groundwater recharge may of water . Seed priming be reduced as a result of . Good crop nutrition increased vegetative cover . Good weed and pest control and healthier deeper- . Minimising post-harvest losses rooting crops . Intercropping systems . Making use of specialist advice Reducing soil . Planting early in Kharif evaporation . Maintaining crop cover and/or mulches during rainy periods . Managing crops and cropping systems in response to specific weather patterns (see Figure 47) In-situ soil and moisture . In-field soil moisture techniques conservation matched to the different soil type, slope and other factors (see Figures 48 and 49) 81
Table 14. Rainfed non-arable options Options Specific details Potential trade-offs Making more · Alternative land use systems Changing land use and productive use of · Dryland horticulture management of commonwater on CPR lands · Silvo-pastoral systems pool resources may result · Income generation, in distinct winners and particularly, during droughts losers. The rights of from timber and non-timber existing users forest products (e.g. livestock owners, gatherers of fuelwood) may not be catered for in new management arrangements. In some cases, soil and water conservation measures and improved vegetative cover may reduce recharge and runoff to tanks Improved management · Joint forest management of CPR land · Community grazing schemes · Community fuelwood schemes Making more · Planting of grasses productive use of and fodder legumes water on privately- · Application of fertilisers owned non-arable · Establishment of energy coppices land · Dryland horticulture Concentrating rainfall · Directing runoff to arable where it can be used areas and/or to tanks productively · In-situ soil moisture conservation (see Figure 49) Reducing soil · Maintaining cover with evaporation vegetation with high economic, social environmental value · Concentrating rainfall wherever soil evaporation losses can be minimised (e.g. near useful vegetation) 82
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ANDHRA PRADESH RURAL LIVELIHOODS PR
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Contact details of editors: Dr M S
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Contents Executive summary 6 1 Intr
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Executive summary Background The An
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intercropping that is popular in ma
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with extreme caution when assessing
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Raising awareness at all levels of
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1Introduction 1.1 Objectives of APR
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Dry season paddy cultivation in Dho
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Box 1. Why carry out a water audit?
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In Kalyandurg, the gully survey tea
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Data Base Satellite data Collateral
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2.6 Economic data collection and an
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The impact of intensive water harve
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500 Deviation from mean ann. rainfa
Page 31 and 32: Figure 9. Geology of Kalyandurg man
Page 33 and 34: Krishna river during October 2001 3
Page 35 and 36: Figure 12. Dhone’s water harvesti
Page 37 and 38: Irrigated area (ha) Figure 14. Main
Page 39 and 40: 3.10 Vegetation The region was endo
Page 41 and 42: General resource status 4of Dhone a
Page 43 and 44: Figure 20. Well construction timeli
Page 45 and 46: Domestic water use Net groundwater
Page 47 and 48: Figure 25. Groundwater level data f
Page 49 and 50: Groundwater quality The current WHO
Page 51 and 52: Figure 28. Comparison of annual rai
Page 53 and 54: Table 10. Physiographic features of
Page 55 and 56: Figure 31 presents information on G
Page 57 and 58: ural water supply programmes) to be
Page 59 and 60: · Adequacy of supply: Adequate sup
Page 61 and 62: Box 11: Criteria for Identification
Page 63 and 64: Caste Restrictions in Kocheruvu A l
Page 65 and 66: 180 160 140 120 No. of SHGs 100 80
Page 67 and 68: Box 14. Some villagers’ views on
Page 69 and 70: Figure 44. Villagewise participatio
Page 71 and 72: Box 16. Mechanisms that link povert
Page 73 and 74: 6Constraints and risks 6.1 Water-re
Page 75 and 76: Box 17. Water-related myths Water-r
Page 77 and 78: Water resource planning 7and option
Page 79 and 80: 7.2 Adaptive water resource managem
Page 81: 8Recommendations 8.1 Summary of mai
Page 85 and 86: Figure 48. Soil and water conservat
Page 87 and 88: Table 15. Irrigated land options Op
Page 89 and 90: Table 17. Management of surface wat
Page 91 and 92: Table 19. Protection of domestic wa
Page 93 and 94: Figure 51. Example of decision tree
Page 95 and 96: The example decision tree presented
Page 97 and 98: It is fundamentally important that
Page 99 and 100: Proposed follow up 9activities Disc
Page 101 and 102: References Anon. 2001. A Fine Balan
Page 103 and 104: Gradonis: Bench terraces of small w
Page 107: Andhra Pradesh Rural Livelihoods Pr
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