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8.3 Recommendation 2 – Targeting of options In general, watershed developmenttype programmes do not try to target activities to appropriate physical, social and institutional settings nor do they attempt to regulate the number or scale of interventions (e.g. the number of check dams along a particular drainage line). The current tendency is to use a “one-size fits all” approach and to work under the assumption that water harvesting technologies are totally benign. The underlying logic is that even intensive use of water harvesting technologies will not result in unintended negative impacts. In contrast, results presented in this report show that the majority of water-related interventions promoted by watershed developmenttype programmes have potential negative trade-offs associated with them. The results also show that the scale of these negative trade-offs is, in many cases, directly related to the density of the interventions and the scale of the additional storage capacity that is created. Better targeting of interventions can be achieved by using decision trees that utilise a combination of physical, social, economic and institutional data in the decision-making process. This approach can be used by NGO staff as part of a participatory planning process or it can be used by line department staff at the district level as part of a process that involves stakeholder representation. Although potentially time consuming, using decision trees can become simple and rapid, once data are readily available (e.g. once a water audit has been completed and a GIS database created). Also the approach can easily be incorporated into a more general MIS system. Figure 51 is an example of a decision tree that uses numerical, physical, social and institutional data collected by the Water Audit to identify villages in Kalyandurg in which “periurban” irrigation with waste waters is potentially a good option. 91
Figure 51. Example of decision tree that uses physical, social and institutional data Use of waste water for community based peri-urban horticulture, fodder production etc. Sources of waste water in sufficient volume and of an acceptable quality to permit waste water irrigation ? No Capacity building (second batch attention) No Yes Land available (either public or private) to which waste waters can be safely channeled that is suitable for horticulture or fodder production ? Yes High QPA score for Panchayat responsiveness to water issues OR for community action to solve water related problems ? No No Yes High QPA score for participation by the poor in community decision making ? Yes Earmark funds and proceed with detailed village-level participatory planning Waste water irrigation is not an option in this village Gated check dam under construction near Battuvani Palli, Kalyandurg 92
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ANDHRA PRADESH RURAL LIVELIHOODS PR
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Contact details of editors: Dr M S
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Contents Executive summary 6 1 Intr
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Executive summary Background The An
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intercropping that is popular in ma
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with extreme caution when assessing
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Raising awareness at all levels of
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1Introduction 1.1 Objectives of APR
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Dry season paddy cultivation in Dho
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Box 1. Why carry out a water audit?
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In Kalyandurg, the gully survey tea
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Data Base Satellite data Collateral
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2.6 Economic data collection and an
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The impact of intensive water harve
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500 Deviation from mean ann. rainfa
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Figure 9. Geology of Kalyandurg man
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Krishna river during October 2001 3
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Figure 12. Dhone’s water harvesti
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Irrigated area (ha) Figure 14. Main
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3.10 Vegetation The region was endo
Page 41 and 42: General resource status 4of Dhone a
Page 43 and 44: Figure 20. Well construction timeli
Page 45 and 46: Domestic water use Net groundwater
Page 47 and 48: Figure 25. Groundwater level data f
Page 49 and 50: Groundwater quality The current WHO
Page 51 and 52: Figure 28. Comparison of annual rai
Page 53 and 54: Table 10. Physiographic features of
Page 55 and 56: Figure 31 presents information on G
Page 57 and 58: ural water supply programmes) to be
Page 59 and 60: · Adequacy of supply: Adequate sup
Page 61 and 62: Box 11: Criteria for Identification
Page 63 and 64: Caste Restrictions in Kocheruvu A l
Page 65 and 66: 180 160 140 120 No. of SHGs 100 80
Page 67 and 68: Box 14. Some villagers’ views on
Page 69 and 70: Figure 44. Villagewise participatio
Page 71 and 72: Box 16. Mechanisms that link povert
Page 73 and 74: 6Constraints and risks 6.1 Water-re
Page 75 and 76: Box 17. Water-related myths Water-r
Page 77 and 78: Water resource planning 7and option
Page 79 and 80: 7.2 Adaptive water resource managem
Page 81 and 82: 8Recommendations 8.1 Summary of mai
Page 83 and 84: Table 14. Rainfed non-arable option
Page 85 and 86: Figure 48. Soil and water conservat
Page 87 and 88: Table 15. Irrigated land options Op
Page 89 and 90: Table 17. Management of surface wat
Page 91: Table 19. Protection of domestic wa
Page 95 and 96: The example decision tree presented
Page 97 and 98: It is fundamentally important that
Page 99 and 100: Proposed follow up 9activities Disc
Page 101 and 102: References Anon. 2001. A Fine Balan
Page 103 and 104: Gradonis: Bench terraces of small w
Page 107: Andhra Pradesh Rural Livelihoods Pr
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