Middle East DVEP - Armed Forces Pest Management Board

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Appendix B. Vector Ecology ProfilesAppendix B.1. Vector Ecology Profiles of Malaria Vectors in the <strong>Middle</strong> <strong>East</strong>.Species Larval Habitats Feeding Behavior Resting Behavior Flight BehaviorAnopheles gambiaearabiensisPools, borrow pits, rice fields,hoofprints.Bites man and other animals, indoorsand outdoors.An. claviger Wells and cisterns. Bites man and other animals, indoorsand outdoors.An. culicifacies Pools with partial sun and without Prefers domestic animals. Bites manemergent vegetation.indoors and outdoors. Feeds through thenight. Peak biting by 2400h.An. d’thali Stagnant stream pools, brackish Bites indoors and outdoors. Peak bitingAn. fluviatilisAn. maculipennisAn. pharoensisswamps, flowing drains.Stream pools and margins of rockystreams, with or without vegetation.Favors seepage from rice fields.Fresh or brackish marshes, swamps, orrice fields.Marshes, swamps, and rice fields.Favors emergent vegetation.2000-2100h.Aggressively bites man and domesticanimals, indoors and outdoors.Rests indoors or outdoors afterfeeding.Rests indoors after feeding.Rests indoors or outdoors afterfeeding.Usually rests indoors afterfeeding.Rests indoors or outdoors afterfeeding.Strong flier; specific flight rangeunknown.Short-range flier, specific rangeunknown.Information not available.Information not available.Short range flier, range probably
B.1. Malaria vectors continuedSpecies Larval Habitats Feeding Behavior Resting Behavior Flight BehaviorAn. stephensiCisterns, borrow pits, artificial watercontainers, and ground pools.Bites man and other animals, indoorsand outdoors.Rests indoors after feeding.Rarely flies >0.5km from larvalhabitat.An. superpictusClear, sunlit water, usually withoutvegetation.Bites man and other animals, indoorsand outdoors.Rests in human dwellings, animalshelters, or caves.Short to medium range flier; rarelyflies >5km from larval habitat.182
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1. Table of ContentsI. Preface.....
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IX.Selected ReferencesA. Military P
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and spills have polluted sea- and l
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Sand fly fever is the most widespre
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VENOMOUS ANIMALSThere are 31 specie
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Middle East11
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leptospires, various bacteria and i
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Bandar Abbas (elevation 10 m)Mean D
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a wide variety of human pathogens.
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The Jordan Valley area is part of t
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still numerous sites where waste di
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highlands (445 m elevation) are sim
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ocky central plateau, the Nejd, whi
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MONTH J F M A M J J A S O N DMaximu
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known as the Liwa, form an arc alon
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Table 1. Drug-Resistant Falciparum
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Saudi Arabia: Malaria occurs in the
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General Bionomics. Female anophelin
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host with the body nearly perpendic
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crevices, leaf litter, or moist tre
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All dengue serotypes are now endemi
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period immediately following it (19
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Military Impact and Historical Pers
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on camels, pigs, dogs, donkeys, hum
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CCHF virus loses infectivity shortl
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that usually is associated with cat
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and sheep, although immature stages
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Haemaphysalis punctata is also wide
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The risk of transmission is seasona
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from bites of infected fleas in sou
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and then only while they are on the
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Culex pipiens pipiens occurs throug
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human morbidity in areas of norther
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mortality in calves and lambs and a
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109
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human and animal structures. Abando
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hospitalized 2,088 patients with sc
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Oman: Recognized foci of intestinal
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Female worms can deposit from 300 t
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Cercariae are killed by exposure fo
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123
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personnel moving into an endemic ar
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The biology of the Cx. pipiens comp
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Depending on the stage of developme
Page 134 and 135: higher in the Balkans. Convalescenc
Page 136 and 137: Scabies mites are very small, about
Page 138 and 139: exude serum, itch for several days,
Page 140 and 141: Eastern countries, including Cyprus
Page 142 and 143: also become attached to the cocoon
Page 144 and 145: sites of attack, and a favorite sit
Page 146 and 147: In the Middle East, the family Elap
Page 148 and 149: Table 2a. continuedBahrain Cyprus I
Page 150 and 151: Table 3. Plants That Cause Contact
Page 152 and 153: IX. Selected References.A. Military
Page 154 and 155: Bruce-Chwatt, L. J. 1985. In Essent
Page 156 and 157: Jacobson, R.L., Y. Schlein and E.R.
Page 158 and 159: Oldfield, E.C. III, M.R. Wallace, K
Page 160 and 161: Appendix A. Arthropod Species and t
Page 162 and 163: A.1. Mosquitoes continuedBahrain Cy
Page 164 and 165: A.2. Reported Distribution of Sand
Page 166 and 167: A.2. Sand flies continuedBahrain Cy
Page 168 and 169: A.3. Ticks continuedIXODIDAEBahrain
Page 170 and 171: A.3. Ticks continuedBahrain Cyprus
Page 172 and 173: A.4. Fleas continuedBahrain Cyprus
Page 174 and 175: A.4. Fleas continuedHYSTRICHOPSYLLI
Page 180 and 181: A.5. Reported Distribution of Scorp
Page 182 and 183: A.5. Scorpions continuedBahrain Cyp
Page 186 and 187: Appendix B.2. Vector Ecology Profil
Page 188 and 189: B.2. Ticks continuedSpecies Geograp
Page 190 and 191: In recent years, synthetic pyrethro
Page 192 and 193: Published Reports of Insecticide Re
Page 194 and 195: Turkey.Calgar, S.S. 1991. An invest
Page 196 and 197: Appendix ESelected List of Identifi
Page 198 and 199: MammaliaHarrison, D.L. and P.J.J. B
Page 200 and 201: Appendix F: Personal Protective Mea
Page 202 and 203: Appendix GBioscience and State Depa
Page 204 and 205: 8. Kuwait9. Lebanon10. Oman11. Qata
Page 206 and 207: Appendix H: Glossaryacaricide - a c
Page 208 and 209: zoonosis - An infectious disease of
Page 210 and 211: flies.11. Information on ticks and
Page 212: APPENDIX J METRIC CONVERSION TABLEM
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Middle East DVEP - Armed Forces Pest Management Board

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