Middle East DVEP - Armed Forces Pest Management Board

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1. Table of ContentsI. Preface.......................................................................................................................iII.III.IV.Executive Summary.................................................................................................4Map of the Middle East..........................................................................................11A. Map of Bahrain ................................................................................................13B. Map of Cyprus .................................................................................................15C. Map of Iran.......................................................................................................17D. Map of Iraq.......................................................................................................19E. Map of Israel....................................................................................................21F. Map of Jordan ..................................................................................................23G. Map of Kuwait .................................................................................................25H. Map of Lebanon...............................................................................................27I. Map of Oman...................................................................................................29J. Map of Qatar ....................................................................................................31K. Map of Saudi Arabia........................................................................................33L. Map of Syria.....................................................................................................35M. Map of Turkey.................................................................................................37N. Map of United Arab Emirates..........................................................................39O. Map of Yemen .................................................................................................41Country ProfilesA. Bahrain............................................................................................................43B. Cyprus .............................................................................................................44C. Iran..................................................................................................................45D. Iraq ..................................................................................................................46E. Israel................................................................................................................48F. Jordan..............................................................................................................49G. Kuwait.............................................................................................................51H. Lebanon...........................................................................................................52I. Oman...............................................................................................................53J. Qatar................................................................................................................54K. Saudi Arabia....................................................................................................55L. Syria ................................................................................................................57M. Turkey.............................................................................................................58N. United Arab Emirates......................................................................................60O. Yemen.............................................................................................................61V. Militarily Important Vector-Borne Diseases with Short Incubation Periods (
F. Relapsing Fever (Tick-borne) .........................................................................83G. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF).................................................84H. Boutonneuse Fever..........................................................................................88I. Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE) .......................................................................90J. Q Fever............................................................................................................92K. Murine Typhus ................................................................................................93L. Plague..............................................................................................................96M. West Nile Fever.............................................................................................102N. Sindbis Virus ................................................................................................104O. Other Arthropod-borne Viruses ....................................................................105VI.VII.Militarily Important Vector-borne Diseases with Long Incubation Periods (>15 days)A. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ..............................................................................107B. Schistosomiasis .............................................................................................114C. Onchocerciasis ..............................................................................................121D. Bancroftian Filariasis ....................................................................................124E. Lyme Disease ................................................................................................127Other Diseases of Potential Military SignificanceA. Leptospirosis .................................................................................................130B. Hantaviral Disease.........................................................................................130VIII. Noxious/Venomous Animals and Plants of Military SignificanceA. Arthropods1. Acari (ticks and mites) ............................................................................1322. Araneae (spiders).....................................................................................1333. Ceratopogonidae (biting midges, no-see-ums, punkies) .........................1344. Chilopoda (centipedes) and Diplopoda (millipedes)...............................1355. Cimicidae (bedbugs) ...............................................................................1366. Dipterans Causing Myiasis......................................................................1367. Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps) ......................................................1378. Lepidoptera (urticating moths and caterpillars)......................................1389. Meloidae (blister beetles) and Staphylinidae (rove beetles) ...................13910. Scorpionida (scorpions)...........................................................................13911. Simuliidae (black flies, buffalo gnats, turkey gnats)...............................14012. Siphonaptera (fleas).................................................................................14113. Solpugida (sun spiders, wind scorpions).................................................14114. Tabanidae (horse flies and deer flies) .....................................................141B. Venomous Snakes of the Middle East...........................................................142C. Medical Botany.............................................................................................1462
Page 6 and 7: IX.Selected ReferencesA. Military P
Page 8 and 9: and spills have polluted sea- and l
Page 10 and 11: Sand fly fever is the most widespre
Page 12 and 13: VENOMOUS ANIMALSThere are 31 specie
Page 14: Middle East11
Page 47 and 48: leptospires, various bacteria and i
Page 49 and 50: Bandar Abbas (elevation 10 m)Mean D
Page 51 and 52: a wide variety of human pathogens.
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The Jordan Valley area is part of t
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still numerous sites where waste di
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highlands (445 m elevation) are sim
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ocky central plateau, the Nejd, whi
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MONTH J F M A M J J A S O N DMaximu
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known as the Liwa, form an arc alon
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___________________________________
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Table 1. Drug-Resistant Falciparum
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Saudi Arabia: Malaria occurs in the
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General Bionomics. Female anophelin
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host with the body nearly perpendic
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crevices, leaf litter, or moist tre
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All dengue serotypes are now endemi
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period immediately following it (19
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Military Impact and Historical Pers
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on camels, pigs, dogs, donkeys, hum
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CCHF virus loses infectivity shortl
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that usually is associated with cat
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and sheep, although immature stages
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Haemaphysalis punctata is also wide
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The risk of transmission is seasona
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from bites of infected fleas in sou
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and then only while they are on the
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Culex pipiens pipiens occurs throug
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human morbidity in areas of norther
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mortality in calves and lambs and a
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109
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111
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human and animal structures. Abando
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hospitalized 2,088 patients with sc
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Oman: Recognized foci of intestinal
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Female worms can deposit from 300 t
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Cercariae are killed by exposure fo
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123
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personnel moving into an endemic ar
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The biology of the Cx. pipiens comp
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Depending on the stage of developme
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higher in the Balkans. Convalescenc
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Scabies mites are very small, about
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exude serum, itch for several days,
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Eastern countries, including Cyprus
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also become attached to the cocoon
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sites of attack, and a favorite sit
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In the Middle East, the family Elap
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Table 2a. continuedBahrain Cyprus I
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Table 3. Plants That Cause Contact
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IX. Selected References.A. Military
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Bruce-Chwatt, L. J. 1985. In Essent
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Jacobson, R.L., Y. Schlein and E.R.
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Oldfield, E.C. III, M.R. Wallace, K
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Appendix A. Arthropod Species and t
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A.1. Mosquitoes continuedBahrain Cy
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A.2. Reported Distribution of Sand
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A.2. Sand flies continuedBahrain Cy
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A.3. Ticks continuedIXODIDAEBahrain
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A.3. Ticks continuedBahrain Cyprus
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A.4. Fleas continuedBahrain Cyprus
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A.4. Fleas continuedHYSTRICHOPSYLLI
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Page 180 and 181:
A.5. Reported Distribution of Scorp
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A.5. Scorpions continuedBahrain Cyp
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Appendix B. Vector Ecology Profiles
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Appendix B.2. Vector Ecology Profil
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B.2. Ticks continuedSpecies Geograp
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In recent years, synthetic pyrethro
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Published Reports of Insecticide Re
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Turkey.Calgar, S.S. 1991. An invest
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Appendix ESelected List of Identifi
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MammaliaHarrison, D.L. and P.J.J. B
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Appendix F: Personal Protective Mea
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Appendix GBioscience and State Depa
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8. Kuwait9. Lebanon10. Oman11. Qata
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Appendix H: Glossaryacaricide - a c
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zoonosis - An infectious disease of
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flies.11. Information on ticks and
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APPENDIX J METRIC CONVERSION TABLEM
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