X-ray Study of Low-mass Young Stellar Objects in the ρ Ophiuchi ...

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AcknowledgmentI am deeply grateful to Prof. K. Koyama for his continuous guidance and support throughout thefive years of my graduate school period. I also thank my collaborators, Dr. Y. Tsuboi, Dr. K.Hamaguchi, Dr. M. Tsujimoto, and Mr. H. Nakajima for their helpful and constructive discussions.I would like to thank Prof. G. Garmire, Prof. E. D. Feigelson, Dr. L. Townsley, and Dr.Y. Maeda for kind hospitality to the Chandra data analysis at the Pennsylvania State University.Many helpful comments and discussions on X-ray observations of YSOs were given by Prof. T.Montmerle, Prof. T. Preibisch, Prof. S. Yamauchi, Dr. N. Grosso, Dr. M. Güdel, and Dr. M.Audard. Results of the solar X-ray observations, numerical simulations, and magnetic reconnectiontheory were shown by Prof. K. Shibata, Dr. T. Yokoyama, Dr. T. Morimoto, and Mr. H. Isobe. Ialso thank Dr. F. Motte, Dr. Y. Kamazaki, and Dr. K. Tachihara for their advice about the radioobservations on the ρ Ophiuchi cloud. Prof. T. Tanimori, Prof. T. Nakamura, Prof. T. Tanaka,and Dr. H. Matsumoto give me constructive referring and comments on this thesis.I am grateful to all the members of the Cosmic-ray laboratory in Kyoto University for theircontinuous discussions, encouragements, and technical advice.The Chandra data were obtained through the Chandra X-ray Observatory Science Center(CXC) operated for NASA by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. This publication makesuse of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the Universityof Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute ofTechnology. I was financially supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and by theHayakawa Satio Foundation.Finally, I would like to thank my family for supporting my graduate school life.145
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Contents1 Introduction 12 Review of
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List of Figures2.1 The H-R diagram
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LIST OF FIGURESix6.17 Light curves
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List of Tables3.1 Multiwavelength s
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Chapter 1IntroductionStar formation
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Chapter 2Review of Low-mass Young S
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2.1. EVOLUTION OF LOW-MASS STARS 5w
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2.2. MOLECULAR CLOUDS 72.2 Molecula
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2.3. X-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF LOW-MASS
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16 CHAPTER 3. REVIEW OF THE ρ OPHI
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22 CHAPTER 4. INSTRUMENTATIONrespec
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24 CHAPTER 4. INSTRUMENTATIONangle
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26 CHAPTER 4. INSTRUMENTATIONThe AC
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¨28 CHAPTER 4. INSTRUMENTATIONspli
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30 CHAPTER 4. INSTRUMENTATIONTable
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32 CHAPTER 5. CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS
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58 CHAPTER 6. INDIVIDUAL SOURCEShig
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62 CHAPTER 6. INDIVIDUAL SOURCES6.2
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66 CHAPTER 6. INDIVIDUAL SOURCESTab
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92 CHAPTER 6. INDIVIDUAL SOURCESFig
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Page 121 and 122: Chapter 8Systematic Study of YSO Fl
Page 123 and 124: 8.2. CORRELATION BETWEEN THE FLARE
Page 125 and 126: 8.3. MAGNETIC RECONNECTION MODEL 11
Page 127 and 128: 8.5. EFFECT OF THE QUIESCENT X-RAYS
Page 129 and 130: 8.6. EVOLUTION OF YSOS AND THEIR FL
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 9ConclusionWe summarize the
Page 133 and 134: Appendix AFlare Light CurvesFig. A.
Page 135 and 136: Fig.A.2 (Continued)121
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Page 140 and 141: 126 APPENDIX B. PHYSICAL PARAMETERS
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Page 145 and 146: Appendix CModeling of the FlareIn t
Page 147 and 148: C.2. PREDICTED CORRELATIONS BETWEEN
Page 149 and 150: BibliographyAgeorges, N., Eckart, A
Page 151 and 152: BIBLIOGRAPHY 137Feigelson, E. D., &
Page 153 and 154: BIBLIOGRAPHY 139Johnstone, D., Wils
Page 155 and 156: BIBLIOGRAPHY 141Rutledge, R. E., Ba
Page 157: BIBLIOGRAPHY 143Yokoyama, T. & Shib
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