52 CHAPTER 5. CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF THE <strong>ρ</strong> OPHIUCHI CLOUDTable 5.3 (Cont<strong>in</strong>ued)No. Offset * Radio † —- X-<strong>ray</strong> —- ‡ O<strong>the</strong>r names § Class ‖( ′′ ) P SP C HRI ASCA IKTBF-S8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...BF-H1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...BF-H2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...BF-H3 ... ... ... ... ... ... A2 §§ ...BF-H4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
5.7. THE CATALOGUE OF X-RAY SOURCES IN <strong>ρ</strong> OPH 53(footnotes for Table 5.3)* Offset between <strong>the</strong> Chandra and nearest 2MASS sources. For sources hav<strong>in</strong>g a radio counterpart only, <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fsetbetween <strong>the</strong> Chandra and radio sources (André et al., 1987; Leous et al., 1991) are shown, which is <strong>in</strong>dicated by (R).† Radio sources. S, R, and L <strong>in</strong>dicate sources listed <strong>in</strong> André et al. (1987) (ROC), St<strong>in</strong>e et al. (1988) (SFAM), andLeous et al. (1991) (LFAM), respectively. Lp denotes possible radio sources <strong>in</strong> LFAM.‡ X-<strong>ray</strong> sources detected with ROSAT/PSPC (Casanova et al., 1995), ROSAT/HRI (Grosso et al., 2000), and ASCA(Kamata et al., 1997). “IKT” denotes Chandra sources already listed <strong>in</strong> Imanishi et al. (2001a).§ Source names used <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> literature. Abbreviations for names are SR (Struve & Rudkjob<strong>in</strong>g, 1949), DoAr (Dolidze& Arakelyan, 1959), ROXs (Bouvier & Appenzeller, 1992), S (Grasdalen et al., 1973), YLW (<strong>Young</strong> et al., 1986), GY(Greene & <strong>Young</strong>, 1992), WL (Wilk<strong>in</strong>g & Lada, 1983), VSSG (Vrba et al., 1975), GSS (Grasdalen et al., 1973), Elias(Elias, 1978), BBRCG (Barsony et al., 1989), CRBR (Comerón et al., 1993), SKS (Strom et al., 1995), IRS (Wilk<strong>in</strong>get al., 1989), and ISO (Bontemps et al., 2001). For sources hav<strong>in</strong>g NIR counterpart only <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> 2MASS catalog, wealternatively show <strong>the</strong> 2MASS source names.‖ Source classifications; I: class I, II: class II, III: class III, III c : class III candidate (Table 5 <strong>in</strong> Bontemps et al. 2001),BD: brown dwarf, BD c: brown dwarf candidate (Imanishi et al., 2001b), F: foreground star (Fest<strong>in</strong>, 1998). UnclassifiedNIR sources are <strong>in</strong>dicated by “?”, and sources with no NIR counterpart are called “unidentified sources”, labeled nodata po<strong>in</strong>t (...) <strong>in</strong> this column. For BD/BD cs, we show <strong>the</strong> available IR classification <strong>in</strong> Bontemps et al. (2001) <strong>in</strong><strong>the</strong> paren<strong>the</strong>ses.# Offset from a nearest NIR source <strong>in</strong> Greene & <strong>Young</strong> (1992).** Grosso (2001).†† Tsuboi et al. (2000).‡‡ The position <strong>of</strong> GY5 (Greene & <strong>Young</strong>, 1992) is slightly shifted (∼2. ′′ 3) from <strong>the</strong> 2MASS source.§§ A candidate <strong>of</strong> HH object (Gómez et al., 1998, see also §6.6.6).‖‖ From NIR spectroscopy, Wilk<strong>in</strong>g et al. (1999) derived for <strong>the</strong>se M dwarfs <strong>mass</strong>es higher than <strong>the</strong> hydrogen burn<strong>in</strong>glimit.
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Contents1 Introduction 12 Review of
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List of Figures2.1 The H-R diagram
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LIST OF FIGURESix6.17 Light curves
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List of Tables3.1 Multiwavelength s
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102 CHAPTER 7. OVERALL FEATURE OF X
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104 CHAPTER 7. OVERALL FEATURE OF X
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Chapter 8Systematic Study of YSO Fl
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8.2. CORRELATION BETWEEN THE FLARE
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8.3. MAGNETIC RECONNECTION MODEL 11
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8.5. EFFECT OF THE QUIESCENT X-RAYS
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8.6. EVOLUTION OF YSOS AND THEIR FL
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Chapter 9ConclusionWe summarize the
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Appendix AFlare Light CurvesFig. A.
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Fig.A.2 (Continued)121
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Fig. A.4.— Same as Figure A.1, bu
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126 APPENDIX B. PHYSICAL PARAMETERS
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128 APPENDIX B. PHYSICAL PARAMETERS
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Appendix CModeling of the FlareIn t
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C.2. PREDICTED CORRELATIONS BETWEEN
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BibliographyAgeorges, N., Eckart, A
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 137Feigelson, E. D., &
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 139Johnstone, D., Wils
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 141Rutledge, R. E., Ba
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 143Yokoyama, T. & Shib