Coral Health and Disease in the Pacific: Vision for Action

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Croquer, A., C. Bastidas and L. Lipscomb. 2006. Folliculinid ciliates : a new threat toCaribbean corals ? Diseases Aquat. Org. 69:75-78.Davis M., Gladfelter E., Lund H., Anderson M. 1986. Geographic range and researchplan for monitoring white band disease. Biosphere Reserve Research Report No. 6.National Park Service. 28 pp.Denner, E.B.M., G.W. Smith, J.H. Busse, P. Schumann, T.Narzt, S. Polson, W. Lubitz,and L.L. Richardson. 2003. Aurantimonas coralicida gen. nov., sp nov., the causativeagent of white plague type II on Caribbean scleractinian corals. Int. J. Syst. Evol.Micr. 53: 1115-1122.Downs, C.A. 2005. Cellular diagnostics and its application to aquatic and marinetoxicology. pp.301-313 In: G. Ostrander [ed.], Techniques in Aquatic Toxicology,Vol 2. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton.Ducklow, H.W., and R. Mitchell. 1979. Observations on naturally and artificiallydiseased tropical corals:scanning electron microscope study. Microb. Ecol. 5:215-223.Dustan, P., and J.C. Halas. 1987. Changes in the reef-coral community of Carysfort Reef,Key Largo, Florida: 1974 to 1982. Coral Reefs. 6:91-106.Dustan, P. 1977. Vitality of reef coral populations off Key Largo, Florida: recruitmentand mortality. Environ. Geol. 2:51-58.Dustan, P 1987. Preliminary observations on the vitality of reef corals in San Salvador,Bahamas. P. 57-65 In H.A. Curran [ed.], Proc. Third Symp. Geol. Of the Bahamas.Dustan, P 1993. Developing methods for assessing coral reef vitality: a tale of two scales.Global Aspects of Coral Reefs. pp.M8-M14.Edmunds, P.J. 1991. Extent and effect of black band disease on a Caribbean reef. CoralReefs. 10:161-165.Edmunds, P.J. 2000. Recruitment of scleractinians onto the skeletons of corals killed byblack band disease. Coral Reefs. 19: 69-74.Epstein, P.R. et al. 1998. Marine ecosystems: Emerging diseases as indicators of change:Health of the oceans from Labrador to Venezuela. Year of the Oceans Special Report.Cent. Health Global Environ, Harvard Medical School. 85 pp.Feingold, J.S. 1988. Ecological studies of a cyanobacterial infection on the Caribbean seaplume Pseudopterogorgia acerosa (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Proc. Sixth Intern.Coral Reef Symp. 3:157-162.Foley, J., S. Sokolow, E. Girvetz, and P. Foley. 2004. Spatial epizootiology of yellowband syndrome in Montastrea spp. coral in the Eastern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.Poster at the 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, OkinawaFoley, J.E., et al. (2005). Spatial epidemiology of Caribbean yellow band syndrome inMontastrea spp.coral in the eastern Yucatan, Mexico. Hydrobiologia. 548:33-40.Frias-Lopez, J., A. L. Zerkle, G.T. Bonhey, and B.W. Fouke. 2002. Partitioning ofbacterial communities between seawater and healthy, black band diseased, and deadcoral surfaces. Appl. and Environ. Microbiol. 68:2214-2228.Frias-Lopez, J., G. T. Bonheyo, Q. Jin, and B.W. Fouke. 2003. Cyanobacteria associatedwith coral black band disease in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific reefs. Appl. and Environ.Microbiol. 69:2409-2413.Garcés-Baquero, A.M. 2000. Desarrollo de la Enfermedad de Lunares Oscuros en losCorales Pétreos Montastraea annularis y Siderastrea siderea en la Bahía de Gayraca,156
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TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF FIGURES
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Though the proliferation of coral r
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years. Recent surveys conducted in
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priority right now. What’s I have
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As an initial step to identify and
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The four working groups identified
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able to understand the normal struc
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In the following section the PPWG i
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subspecies, thus limiting the abili
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(Baird and Babcock 2000; Muscatine
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(Yakovleva and Hidaka 2004). In an
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y disulfides (Richards et al. 1983)
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species of Octocorallia were report
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h. Availability and Processes for o
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Understanding of conditions that su
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Physiology & Pathology Working Grou
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Boehm et al. 1995b; Downs et al. 20
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B. Overall Strategic Objective: Imp
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Table B.1 CORAL HEALTH/DISEASE INDI
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Strategic Objective B.2: Establish
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Table B.3 INDICATORS OF CORAL HEALT
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Table B.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FA
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Table B.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FA
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Assess potential reporting requirem
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Figure B.2 Integrated Framework for
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Challenges and Recommendations:The
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Strategic Objective C.2: Develop a
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on hold until specific guidelines c
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Pathology of Disease Working Group
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General efforts to mitigate anthrop
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Challenges and RecommendationsThere
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d. Identifying and mitigating manag
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Strategic Objective D.1: Enhance th
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known to be affected by specific co
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A variety of natural and anthropoge
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Recommendation D.3.2: Develop local
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Strategic Objective D.4: Identify p
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Management Perspectives Working Gro
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I. INTRODUCTION—SETTING THE STAGE
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more difficult to design management
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Specialized ResourcesSeveral specia
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STUDYING CORAL DISEASES; UNDERSTAND
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egional decline of Acropora. Report
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distributional maps. The GCDD inclu
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Table 1. Diseases, syndromes, abnor
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In a review article, Sutherland et
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Table 2. Various white syndromes re
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Dark spots disease was first observ
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Table 4. Other Diseases, syndromes,
Page 114 and 115: Fig. 1. Five major scleractinian co
Page 116 and 117: Fig. 3. Number of diseases observed
Page 118 and 119: ReferencesAbbott, R.E. 1979. Ecolog
Page 120 and 121: Bythell, J.C., M.R. Barer, R.P. Coo
Page 122 and 123: Friends of the Virgin Islands Natio
Page 124 and 125: Knowlton, N. , J.C. Lang, M.C. Roon
Page 126 and 127: Peters E.C., J.C. Halas, and H.B. M
Page 128 and 129: Rutzler, K., D.L. Santavy, and A. A
Page 130 and 131: WORLD BANK PROJECT: CORAL DISEASE W
Page 132 and 133: Impact of fish farmsAs part of its
Page 134 and 135: III. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE--LESSON
Page 136 and 137: overgrowing corals, and may prevent
Page 138 and 139: agents have been proposed for sever
Page 140 and 141: photosynthesis pigments. This inclu
Page 142 and 143: located predominantly at the axial
Page 144 and 145: Syndrome Diagnostics ReferenceYBDDS
Page 146 and 147: The average prevalence of coral dis
Page 148 and 149: A more virulent form of WP (WP-II)
Page 150 and 151: Table 2. Prevalence, incidence and
Page 152 and 153: coralicida; Denner et al., 2003) ba
Page 154 and 155: Table 3. Causative agents and assoc
Page 156 and 157: to areas where human activities hav
Page 158 and 159: What have we learned from Caribbean
Page 160 and 161: Condition Synonyms Host range Sourc
Page 162 and 163: ReferencesAbbott, R.E. 1979. Ecolog
Page 166 and 167: Smith, and G. R. Vasta. 1999. Emerg
Page 168 and 169: Richardson, L.L., and K.G. Kuta, 20
Page 170 and 171: IV. STATE OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE PACIF
Page 172 and 173: Fisheries:These great expanses of t
Page 174 and 175: not under the U.S. flag have other
Page 176 and 177: BASELINE LEVELS OF CORAL DISEASE IN
Page 178 and 179: INTRODUCTIONFrench Frigate Shoals (
Page 180 and 181: linear bands of unidentified granul
Page 182 and 183: The mesoglea formed an arching stru
Page 184 and 185: # ###R27####NC#R29## #R31#####TC1 R
Page 186 and 187: 178Figure 3. P. duerdeni. Note clea
Page 188 and 189: Figure 4. M. capitata, note growth
Page 190 and 191: Figure 5. P. lobata (A-D). Note clu
Page 192 and 193: Figure 6. P. lobata (A-H). Coral wi
Page 194 and 195: Figure 7. A. cytherea (A-D). Type 1
Page 196 and 197: Figure 8. Blue-gray zooanthid (A-D)
Page 198 and 199: Report 1. CORAL AND CRUSTOSE CORALL
Page 200 and 201: Table 1. Coordinates of sites surve
Page 202 and 203: Based on colony counts within trans
Page 204 and 205: Histology (gross and microscopic fi
Page 206 and 207: Figure 2. A) Goniastrea sp. with ba
Page 208 and 209: Fish bites: This was manifested by
Page 210 and 211: ABCFigure 7. A-B) Plating Acropora
Page 212 and 213: ABFigure 9. A-B) Mucus sheathing in
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5. There were differences in preval
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Appendix I. Summary of coral lesion
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Acropora Growth AnomaliesHistology:
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Lobophyllia tissue loss syndromeHis
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Report 2. JOHNSTON ATOLL REEF HEALT
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Six locations were selected for spo
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nematocyst). Other mesenteric filam
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atrophied epithelium and absence of
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Seapy 1998). Given the simple anato
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Conference, Heron Island October. S
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Figure 3: Dominant species of coral
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ABCDEFFigure 5. A. cytherea. A) Pur
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ABCDEFFigure 7. A-B) A. cytherea; D
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Figure 9. Number of lesions in A. c
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CORAL DISEASE ON THE GREAT BARRIER
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incidence is changing through time
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populations of ciliates, packed wit
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Unusual bleaching patterns: Distinc
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V. PATHOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGYDISEAS
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EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY AND DISEASE EM
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For the reasons outlined above, eme
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WILDLIFE DISEASE INVESTIGATIONS 101
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animals, the leaves were the same b
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examination by a state diagnostic l
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In the spring of 2003 large numbers
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VI. COMMUNICATION TO MAKE A DIFFERE
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An “Ecoplex” conceptual framewo
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Low stakeholder trust: defensive pa
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skill level for in situ determinati
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LEVERAGING POST-GENOMIC TOOLS AND S
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe would like to ac
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grateful to the Working Group Chair
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Baird, A. H., and P. A. Marshall. 2
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Dizon, R. M., and H. T. Yap. 2006a.
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Hayakawa, H., T. Andoh, and T. Wata
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Kumar, V., A. Abbas, and N. Fausto
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Permata, W. D., and M. Hidaka. 2005
Page 288 and 289:
Santavy, D. and others 2001. Quanti
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Wilkinson, C. 2002. Status of coral
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Appendix I. Meeting AgendaCORAL HEA
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7:30 Dinner - Grand Salon Moana Sur
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genomic tools, including the curren
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Appendix III. Coral Model Species S
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Melissa BosMelissa joined the Allia
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SUNY College of Environmental Scien
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collaboration between the College o
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Jo-Ann LeongJo-Ann is Director of t
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Amanda McLenonAmanda is currently w
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Technical Advisory Committee on Lan
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Meir SussmanMeir recently completed
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Dana WilliamsDana earned her doctor
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Cheryl WoodleyCheryl received her P
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Qing Xiao LiUniversity of Hawaii195
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Appendix VI.OPINION PAPER:Transmiss
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314
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