Coral Health and Disease in the Pacific: Vision for Action

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Wilkinson, C. 2002. Status of coral reefs of the world: 2002, p. 388. In C. e. Wilkinson [ed.].Australian Institute of Marine Science.---. 2004. Status of coral reefs of the world: 2004, p. 557. In C. e. Wilkinson [ed.]. AustralianInstitute of Marine Science.---. 2006. Status of coral reefs of the world: summary of threats and remedial action., p. 4-39. In I.M. Cote and J. D. Reynolds [eds.], Coral Reef Conservation. Cambridge UniversityPress, Zool. Soc. Lond.Willis, B. L., C. A. Page, and E. A. Dinsdale. 2004. Coral disease on the Great Barrier Reef, p.69-104. In E. Rosenberg and Y. Loya [eds.], Coral health and disease. Springer-Verlag.Winkler, R., A. Antonius, and A. D. Renegar. 2004. The skeleton eroding band disease on coralreefs of Aqaba, Red Sea. Marine Ecology 25: 129-144.Wobeser, G. A. 1981. Diseases of Wild Waterfowl. Plenum Press.Wood-Charlson, E. M., L. L. Hollingsworth, D. A. Krupp, and V. M. Weis. 2006. Lectin/glycaninteractions play a role in recognition in a coral/dinoflagellate symbiosis. CellularMicrobiology 8: 1985-1993.Woodley, C. M. and others 2003. Coral Disease and Health: A National Research Plan, p. 72.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.Woodley, C. M., A. W. Bruckner, A. L. Mclenon, J. L. Higgins, S. B. Galloway, and J. H.Nicholson. 2008. Field Manual for Investigating Coral Disease Outbreaks, p. 85. NOAATechnical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 80 and CRCP 6. National Ocean andAtmospheric Administration.Woodley, C. M., A. Mc Lenon, and S. B. Galloway. 2007. Response Plan for Unusual CoralDisease Outbreak Investigations. NOAA Internal Report. National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration.Work, T. M., and G. S. Aeby. 2006. Systematically describing gross lesions in corals. Diseases ofAquatic Organisms 70: 155-160.Work, T. M., G. S. Aeby, and S. L. Coles. 2008a. Distribution and morphology of growthanomalies in Acropora from the Indo-Pacific. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 78: 255-264.Work, T. M., and R. A. Rameyer. 2005. Characterizing lesions in corals from American Samoa.Coral Reefs 24: 384-390.Work, T. M., L. L. Richardson, T. L. Reynolds, and B. L. Willis. 2008b. Biomedical andveterinary science can increase our understanding of coral disease. Journal ofExperimental Marine Biology and Ecology 362: 63-70.Yakovleva, I., and M. Hidaka. 2004. Diel fluctuations of mycosporine-like amino acids inshallow-water scleractinian corals. Marine Biology (Berlin) 145: 863-873.Yap, H. T. 2004. Differential survival of coral transplants on various substrates under elevatedwater temperatures. Marine Pollution Bulletin 49: 306-312.Yap, H. T., and R. A. Molina. 2003. Comparison of coral growth and survival under enclosed,semi-natural conditions and in the field. Marine Pollution Bulletin 46: 858-864.Yarden, O., T. D. Ainsworth, G. Roff, W. Leggat, M. Fine, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg. 2007.Increased prevalence of ubiquitous ascomycetes in an acropoid coral (Acropora formosa)exhibiting symptoms of brown band syndrome and skeletal eroding band disease.Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73: 2755-2757.Yokouchi, H., Y. Fukuoka, D. Mukoyama, R. Calugay, H. Takeyama, and T. Matsunaga. 2006.Whole-metagenome amplification of a microbial community associated withscleractinian coral by multiple displacement amplification using phi29 polymerase.Environmental Microbiology 8: 1155-1163.282
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TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF FIGURES
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Though the proliferation of coral r
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years. Recent surveys conducted in
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priority right now. What’s I have
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As an initial step to identify and
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The four working groups identified
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able to understand the normal struc
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In the following section the PPWG i
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subspecies, thus limiting the abili
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(Baird and Babcock 2000; Muscatine
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(Yakovleva and Hidaka 2004). In an
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y disulfides (Richards et al. 1983)
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species of Octocorallia were report
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h. Availability and Processes for o
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Understanding of conditions that su
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Physiology & Pathology Working Grou
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Boehm et al. 1995b; Downs et al. 20
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B. Overall Strategic Objective: Imp
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Table B.1 CORAL HEALTH/DISEASE INDI
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Strategic Objective B.2: Establish
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Table B.3 INDICATORS OF CORAL HEALT
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Table B.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FA
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Table B.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FA
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Assess potential reporting requirem
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Figure B.2 Integrated Framework for
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Challenges and Recommendations:The
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Strategic Objective C.2: Develop a
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on hold until specific guidelines c
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Pathology of Disease Working Group
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General efforts to mitigate anthrop
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Challenges and RecommendationsThere
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d. Identifying and mitigating manag
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Strategic Objective D.1: Enhance th
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known to be affected by specific co
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A variety of natural and anthropoge
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Recommendation D.3.2: Develop local
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Strategic Objective D.4: Identify p
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Management Perspectives Working Gro
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I. INTRODUCTION—SETTING THE STAGE
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more difficult to design management
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Specialized ResourcesSeveral specia
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STUDYING CORAL DISEASES; UNDERSTAND
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egional decline of Acropora. Report
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distributional maps. The GCDD inclu
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Table 1. Diseases, syndromes, abnor
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In a review article, Sutherland et
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Table 2. Various white syndromes re
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Dark spots disease was first observ
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Table 4. Other Diseases, syndromes,
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Fig. 1. Five major scleractinian co
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Fig. 3. Number of diseases observed
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ReferencesAbbott, R.E. 1979. Ecolog
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Bythell, J.C., M.R. Barer, R.P. Coo
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Friends of the Virgin Islands Natio
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Knowlton, N. , J.C. Lang, M.C. Roon
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Peters E.C., J.C. Halas, and H.B. M
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Rutzler, K., D.L. Santavy, and A. A
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WORLD BANK PROJECT: CORAL DISEASE W
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Impact of fish farmsAs part of its
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III. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE--LESSON
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overgrowing corals, and may prevent
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agents have been proposed for sever
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photosynthesis pigments. This inclu
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located predominantly at the axial
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Syndrome Diagnostics ReferenceYBDDS
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The average prevalence of coral dis
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A more virulent form of WP (WP-II)
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Table 2. Prevalence, incidence and
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coralicida; Denner et al., 2003) ba
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Table 3. Causative agents and assoc
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to areas where human activities hav
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What have we learned from Caribbean
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Condition Synonyms Host range Sourc
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ReferencesAbbott, R.E. 1979. Ecolog
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Croquer, A., C. Bastidas and L. Lip
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Smith, and G. R. Vasta. 1999. Emerg
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Richardson, L.L., and K.G. Kuta, 20
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IV. STATE OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE PACIF
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Fisheries:These great expanses of t
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not under the U.S. flag have other
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BASELINE LEVELS OF CORAL DISEASE IN
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INTRODUCTIONFrench Frigate Shoals (
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linear bands of unidentified granul
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The mesoglea formed an arching stru
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# ###R27####NC#R29## #R31#####TC1 R
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178Figure 3. P. duerdeni. Note clea
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Figure 4. M. capitata, note growth
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Figure 5. P. lobata (A-D). Note clu
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Figure 6. P. lobata (A-H). Coral wi
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Figure 7. A. cytherea (A-D). Type 1
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Figure 8. Blue-gray zooanthid (A-D)
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Report 1. CORAL AND CRUSTOSE CORALL
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Table 1. Coordinates of sites surve
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Based on colony counts within trans
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Histology (gross and microscopic fi
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Figure 2. A) Goniastrea sp. with ba
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Fish bites: This was manifested by
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ABCFigure 7. A-B) Plating Acropora
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ABFigure 9. A-B) Mucus sheathing in
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5. There were differences in preval
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Appendix I. Summary of coral lesion
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Acropora Growth AnomaliesHistology:
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Lobophyllia tissue loss syndromeHis
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Report 2. JOHNSTON ATOLL REEF HEALT
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Six locations were selected for spo
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nematocyst). Other mesenteric filam
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atrophied epithelium and absence of
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Seapy 1998). Given the simple anato
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Conference, Heron Island October. S
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Figure 3: Dominant species of coral
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ABCDEFFigure 5. A. cytherea. A) Pur
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ABCDEFFigure 7. A-B) A. cytherea; D
Page 240 and 241: Figure 9. Number of lesions in A. c
Page 242 and 243: CORAL DISEASE ON THE GREAT BARRIER
Page 244 and 245: incidence is changing through time
Page 246 and 247: populations of ciliates, packed wit
Page 248 and 249: Unusual bleaching patterns: Distinc
Page 250 and 251: V. PATHOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGYDISEAS
Page 252 and 253: EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY AND DISEASE EM
Page 254 and 255: For the reasons outlined above, eme
Page 256 and 257: WILDLIFE DISEASE INVESTIGATIONS 101
Page 258 and 259: animals, the leaves were the same b
Page 260 and 261: examination by a state diagnostic l
Page 262 and 263: In the spring of 2003 large numbers
Page 264 and 265: VI. COMMUNICATION TO MAKE A DIFFERE
Page 266 and 267: An “Ecoplex” conceptual framewo
Page 268 and 269: Low stakeholder trust: defensive pa
Page 270 and 271: skill level for in situ determinati
Page 272 and 273: LEVERAGING POST-GENOMIC TOOLS AND S
Page 274 and 275: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe would like to ac
Page 276 and 277: grateful to the Working Group Chair
Page 278 and 279: Baird, A. H., and P. A. Marshall. 2
Page 280 and 281: Dizon, R. M., and H. T. Yap. 2006a.
Page 282 and 283: Hayakawa, H., T. Andoh, and T. Wata
Page 284 and 285: Kumar, V., A. Abbas, and N. Fausto
Page 286 and 287: Permata, W. D., and M. Hidaka. 2005
Page 288 and 289: Santavy, D. and others 2001. Quanti
Page 292 and 293: Appendix I. Meeting AgendaCORAL HEA
Page 294 and 295: 7:30 Dinner - Grand Salon Moana Sur
Page 296 and 297: genomic tools, including the curren
Page 298 and 299: Appendix III. Coral Model Species S
Page 300 and 301: Melissa BosMelissa joined the Allia
Page 302 and 303: SUNY College of Environmental Scien
Page 304 and 305: collaboration between the College o
Page 306 and 307: Jo-Ann LeongJo-Ann is Director of t
Page 308 and 309: Amanda McLenonAmanda is currently w
Page 310 and 311: Technical Advisory Committee on Lan
Page 312 and 313: Meir SussmanMeir recently completed
Page 314 and 315: Dana WilliamsDana earned her doctor
Page 316 and 317: Cheryl WoodleyCheryl received her P
Page 318 and 319: Qing Xiao LiUniversity of Hawaii195
Page 320 and 321: Appendix VI.OPINION PAPER:Transmiss
Page 322 and 323: 314
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