Coral Health and Disease in the Pacific: Vision for Action

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disease outbreak to a neighboring reefs, or even to other locations within the same ordifferent oceans; and 3) research to identify a causative agent via infection experimentsconducted in situ. Other concerns include potential human health issues arising from thehandling of infectious agents either in the field or laboratory.A variety of groups have begun to develop protocols to protect against the introduction ofpathogens or spread of disease including health certification for corals raised inlaboratory settings and subsequently transplanted onto coral reefs, as well as protocols forcleaning and disinfecting vessels, dive gear and equipment prior to the transport betweenlocations. Medical and veterinary containment measures may also be easily applied topotentially infectious disease outbreaks in the aquatic environment. It is recommendedthat a working group consider the available information and propose SOPs; an externalreview by a recognized authority of the SOPs is suggested to validate the process.36
Physiology & Pathology Working Group Members:Jo-Ann Leong (Chair) – Hawaii Inst. of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kane‘ohe, HISylvia Galloway (Recorder) – NOAA NOS, Charleston, SCFenny Cox - NOAA NMFS, Pacific Islands Regional Office, Honolulu, HIMarion Henry - Resource Management & Development, The Federated States of MicronesiaMargaret Miller - NOAA NMFS, Miami, FLMac Terzich – Pacific East Aquaculture, DelMarva Springs, MDStephen Victor - MS Research Department, Palau Int. Coral Reef Center, Koror, PalauEsti Winter – Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IsraelGary Wobeser – University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada37
Page 5: TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF FIGURES
Page 10 and 11: Though the proliferation of coral r
Page 12: years. Recent surveys conducted in
Page 18 and 19: priority right now. What’s I have
Page 23 and 24: As an initial step to identify and
Page 25 and 26: The four working groups identified
Page 27 and 28: able to understand the normal struc
Page 29 and 30: In the following section the PPWG i
Page 31 and 32: subspecies, thus limiting the abili
Page 33 and 34: (Baird and Babcock 2000; Muscatine
Page 35 and 36: (Yakovleva and Hidaka 2004). In an
Page 37 and 38: y disulfides (Richards et al. 1983)
Page 39 and 40: species of Octocorallia were report
Page 41 and 42: h. Availability and Processes for o
Page 43: Understanding of conditions that su
Page 47 and 48: Boehm et al. 1995b; Downs et al. 20
Page 49 and 50: B. Overall Strategic Objective: Imp
Page 51 and 52: Table B.1 CORAL HEALTH/DISEASE INDI
Page 53 and 54: Strategic Objective B.2: Establish
Page 55 and 56: Table B.3 INDICATORS OF CORAL HEALT
Page 57 and 58: Table B.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FA
Page 59 and 60: Table B.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FA
Page 61 and 62: Assess potential reporting requirem
Page 63 and 64: Figure B.2 Integrated Framework for
Page 65 and 66: Challenges and Recommendations:The
Page 67 and 68: Strategic Objective C.2: Develop a
Page 69 and 70: on hold until specific guidelines c
Page 71 and 72: Pathology of Disease Working Group
Page 73 and 74: General efforts to mitigate anthrop
Page 75 and 76: Challenges and RecommendationsThere
Page 77 and 78: d. Identifying and mitigating manag
Page 79 and 80: Strategic Objective D.1: Enhance th
Page 81 and 82: known to be affected by specific co
Page 83 and 84: A variety of natural and anthropoge
Page 85 and 86: Recommendation D.3.2: Develop local
Page 87 and 88: Strategic Objective D.4: Identify p
Page 89 and 90: Management Perspectives Working Gro
Page 91 and 92: I. INTRODUCTION—SETTING THE STAGE
Page 93 and 94: more difficult to design management
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Specialized ResourcesSeveral specia
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STUDYING CORAL DISEASES; UNDERSTAND
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egional decline of Acropora. Report
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distributional maps. The GCDD inclu
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Table 1. Diseases, syndromes, abnor
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In a review article, Sutherland et
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Table 2. Various white syndromes re
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Dark spots disease was first observ
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Table 4. Other Diseases, syndromes,
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Fig. 1. Five major scleractinian co
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Fig. 3. Number of diseases observed
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ReferencesAbbott, R.E. 1979. Ecolog
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Bythell, J.C., M.R. Barer, R.P. Coo
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Friends of the Virgin Islands Natio
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Knowlton, N. , J.C. Lang, M.C. Roon
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Peters E.C., J.C. Halas, and H.B. M
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Rutzler, K., D.L. Santavy, and A. A
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WORLD BANK PROJECT: CORAL DISEASE W
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Impact of fish farmsAs part of its
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III. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE--LESSON
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overgrowing corals, and may prevent
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agents have been proposed for sever
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photosynthesis pigments. This inclu
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located predominantly at the axial
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Syndrome Diagnostics ReferenceYBDDS
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The average prevalence of coral dis
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A more virulent form of WP (WP-II)
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Table 2. Prevalence, incidence and
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coralicida; Denner et al., 2003) ba
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Table 3. Causative agents and assoc
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to areas where human activities hav
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What have we learned from Caribbean
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Condition Synonyms Host range Sourc
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ReferencesAbbott, R.E. 1979. Ecolog
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Croquer, A., C. Bastidas and L. Lip
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Smith, and G. R. Vasta. 1999. Emerg
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Richardson, L.L., and K.G. Kuta, 20
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IV. STATE OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE PACIF
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Fisheries:These great expanses of t
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not under the U.S. flag have other
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BASELINE LEVELS OF CORAL DISEASE IN
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INTRODUCTIONFrench Frigate Shoals (
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linear bands of unidentified granul
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The mesoglea formed an arching stru
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# ###R27####NC#R29## #R31#####TC1 R
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178Figure 3. P. duerdeni. Note clea
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Figure 4. M. capitata, note growth
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Figure 5. P. lobata (A-D). Note clu
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Figure 6. P. lobata (A-H). Coral wi
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Figure 7. A. cytherea (A-D). Type 1
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Figure 8. Blue-gray zooanthid (A-D)
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Report 1. CORAL AND CRUSTOSE CORALL
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Table 1. Coordinates of sites surve
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Based on colony counts within trans
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Histology (gross and microscopic fi
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Figure 2. A) Goniastrea sp. with ba
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Fish bites: This was manifested by
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ABCFigure 7. A-B) Plating Acropora
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ABFigure 9. A-B) Mucus sheathing in
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5. There were differences in preval
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Appendix I. Summary of coral lesion
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Acropora Growth AnomaliesHistology:
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Lobophyllia tissue loss syndromeHis
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Report 2. JOHNSTON ATOLL REEF HEALT
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Six locations were selected for spo
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nematocyst). Other mesenteric filam
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atrophied epithelium and absence of
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Seapy 1998). Given the simple anato
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Conference, Heron Island October. S
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Figure 3: Dominant species of coral
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ABCDEFFigure 5. A. cytherea. A) Pur
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ABCDEFFigure 7. A-B) A. cytherea; D
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Figure 9. Number of lesions in A. c
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CORAL DISEASE ON THE GREAT BARRIER
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incidence is changing through time
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populations of ciliates, packed wit
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Unusual bleaching patterns: Distinc
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V. PATHOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGYDISEAS
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EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY AND DISEASE EM
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For the reasons outlined above, eme
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WILDLIFE DISEASE INVESTIGATIONS 101
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animals, the leaves were the same b
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examination by a state diagnostic l
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In the spring of 2003 large numbers
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VI. COMMUNICATION TO MAKE A DIFFERE
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An “Ecoplex” conceptual framewo
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Low stakeholder trust: defensive pa
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skill level for in situ determinati
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LEVERAGING POST-GENOMIC TOOLS AND S
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe would like to ac
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grateful to the Working Group Chair
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Baird, A. H., and P. A. Marshall. 2
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Dizon, R. M., and H. T. Yap. 2006a.
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Hayakawa, H., T. Andoh, and T. Wata
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Kumar, V., A. Abbas, and N. Fausto
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Permata, W. D., and M. Hidaka. 2005
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Santavy, D. and others 2001. Quanti
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Wilkinson, C. 2002. Status of coral
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Appendix I. Meeting AgendaCORAL HEA
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7:30 Dinner - Grand Salon Moana Sur
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genomic tools, including the curren
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Appendix III. Coral Model Species S
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Melissa BosMelissa joined the Allia
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SUNY College of Environmental Scien
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collaboration between the College o
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Jo-Ann LeongJo-Ann is Director of t
Page 308 and 309:
Amanda McLenonAmanda is currently w
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Technical Advisory Committee on Lan
Page 312 and 313:
Meir SussmanMeir recently completed
Page 314 and 315:
Dana WilliamsDana earned her doctor
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Cheryl WoodleyCheryl received her P
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Qing Xiao LiUniversity of Hawaii195
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Appendix VI.OPINION PAPER:Transmiss
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