Coral Health and Disease in the Pacific: Vision for Action

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Baird, A. H., and P. A. Marshall. 2002. Mortality, growth and reproduction in scleractinian coralsfollowing bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series 237: 133-141.Baird, A. H., and A. N. C. Morse. 2004. Induction of metamorphosis in larvae of the broodingcorals Acropora palifera and Stylophora pistillata. Marine and Freshwater Research 55:469-472.Ball, E. E. and others 2002. Coral development: from classical embryology to molecular control.The International Journal of Developmental Biology 46: 671-678.Bellwood, D. R., T. P. Hughes, C. Folke, and M. Nystrom. 2004. Confronting the coral reefcrisis. Nature 429: 827-833.Ben-Haim, Y., and E. Rosenberg. 2002. A novel Vibrio sp. pathogen of the coral Pocilloporadamicornis. Marine Biology 141: 47-55.Ben-Haim, Y. and others 2003a. Vibrio coralliilyticus sp. nov., a temperature-dependentpathogen of the coral Pocillopora damicornis. International Journal of Systematic andEvolutionary Microbiology 53: 309-315.Ben-Haim, Y., M. Zicherman-Keren, and E. Rosenberg. 2003b. Temperature-RegulatedBleaching and Lysis of the Coral Pocillopora damicornis by the Novel Pathogen Vibriocoralliilyticus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69: 4236-4242.Bhagooli, R., and M. Hidaka. 2003. Comparison of stress susceptibility of in hospite and isolatedzooxanthellae among five coral species. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology andEcology 291: 181-197.---. 2004a. Photoinhibition, bleaching susceptibility and mortality in two scleractinian corals,Platygyra ryukyuensis and Stylophora pistillata, in response to thermal and light stresses.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology137: 547-555.---. 2004b. Release of zooxanthellae with intact photosynthetic activity by the coral Galaxeafascicularis in response to high temperature stress. Marine Biology (Berlin) 145: 329-337.Boehm, P. D., G. S. Douglas, and C. P. Loreti. 1995a. Managing the NRDA process: challengesin establishing causation and injury, p. 7-20. In Unknown [ed.], Proceedings for the ToxicSubstances in Water Environments: Assessment and Control. Water EnvironmentFederation.Boehm, P. D., P. B. Galvani, and P. J. O' Donnell. 1995b. Scientific and legal conundrums inestablishing injury and damages: the natural resource damage assessment regulations, p.31-60. In R. B. Stewart [ed.], Natural Resource Damages: A Legal, Economic, and PolicyAnalysis. The National Legal Center for the Public Interest.Borneman, E. 2001. Aquarium Corals: Selection, Husbandry and Natural History. TFH-Microcosm.Bourne, D., Y. Iida, S. Uthicke, and C. Smith-Keune. 2008a. Changes in coral-associatedmicrobial communities during a bleaching event. ISME Journal 2: 350-363.Bourne, D. G., H. V. Boyett, M. E. Henderson, A. Muirhead, and B. L. Willis. 2008b.Identification of a ciliate (Oligohymenophora: Scuticociliatia) associated with BrownBand disease (BrB) on corals of the Great Barrier Reef. Applied & EnvironmentalMicrobiology 74: 883-888.Branton, M. A., T. H. Mac Rae, F. Lipschultz, and P. G. Wells. 1999. Identification of a smallheat shock/alpha-crystallin protein in the scleractinian coral Madracis mirabilis (Duch.and Mitch.). Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie 77: 675-682.Breitbart, M., R. Bhagooli, S. Griffin, I. Johnston, and F. Rohwer. 2005. Microbial communitiesassociated with skeletal tumors on Porites compressa. FEMS Microbiology Letters 243:431-436.270
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Page 5:
TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF FIGURES
Page 10 and 11:
Though the proliferation of coral r
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years. Recent surveys conducted in
Page 18 and 19:
priority right now. What’s I have
Page 23 and 24:
As an initial step to identify and
Page 25 and 26:
The four working groups identified
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able to understand the normal struc
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In the following section the PPWG i
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subspecies, thus limiting the abili
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(Baird and Babcock 2000; Muscatine
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(Yakovleva and Hidaka 2004). In an
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y disulfides (Richards et al. 1983)
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species of Octocorallia were report
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h. Availability and Processes for o
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Understanding of conditions that su
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Physiology & Pathology Working Grou
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Boehm et al. 1995b; Downs et al. 20
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B. Overall Strategic Objective: Imp
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Table B.1 CORAL HEALTH/DISEASE INDI
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Strategic Objective B.2: Establish
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Table B.3 INDICATORS OF CORAL HEALT
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Table B.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FA
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Table B.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FA
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Assess potential reporting requirem
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Figure B.2 Integrated Framework for
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Challenges and Recommendations:The
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Strategic Objective C.2: Develop a
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on hold until specific guidelines c
Page 71 and 72:
Pathology of Disease Working Group
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General efforts to mitigate anthrop
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Challenges and RecommendationsThere
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d. Identifying and mitigating manag
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Strategic Objective D.1: Enhance th
Page 81 and 82:
known to be affected by specific co
Page 83 and 84:
A variety of natural and anthropoge
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Recommendation D.3.2: Develop local
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Strategic Objective D.4: Identify p
Page 89 and 90:
Management Perspectives Working Gro
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I. INTRODUCTION—SETTING THE STAGE
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more difficult to design management
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Specialized ResourcesSeveral specia
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STUDYING CORAL DISEASES; UNDERSTAND
Page 99 and 100:
egional decline of Acropora. Report
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distributional maps. The GCDD inclu
Page 103 and 104:
Table 1. Diseases, syndromes, abnor
Page 105 and 106:
In a review article, Sutherland et
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Table 2. Various white syndromes re
Page 110 and 111:
Dark spots disease was first observ
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Table 4. Other Diseases, syndromes,
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Fig. 1. Five major scleractinian co
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Fig. 3. Number of diseases observed
Page 118 and 119:
ReferencesAbbott, R.E. 1979. Ecolog
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Bythell, J.C., M.R. Barer, R.P. Coo
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Friends of the Virgin Islands Natio
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Knowlton, N. , J.C. Lang, M.C. Roon
Page 126 and 127:
Peters E.C., J.C. Halas, and H.B. M
Page 128 and 129:
Rutzler, K., D.L. Santavy, and A. A
Page 130 and 131:
WORLD BANK PROJECT: CORAL DISEASE W
Page 132 and 133:
Impact of fish farmsAs part of its
Page 134 and 135:
III. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE--LESSON
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overgrowing corals, and may prevent
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agents have been proposed for sever
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photosynthesis pigments. This inclu
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located predominantly at the axial
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Syndrome Diagnostics ReferenceYBDDS
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The average prevalence of coral dis
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A more virulent form of WP (WP-II)
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Table 2. Prevalence, incidence and
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coralicida; Denner et al., 2003) ba
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Table 3. Causative agents and assoc
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to areas where human activities hav
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What have we learned from Caribbean
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Condition Synonyms Host range Sourc
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ReferencesAbbott, R.E. 1979. Ecolog
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Croquer, A., C. Bastidas and L. Lip
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Smith, and G. R. Vasta. 1999. Emerg
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Richardson, L.L., and K.G. Kuta, 20
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IV. STATE OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE PACIF
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Fisheries:These great expanses of t
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not under the U.S. flag have other
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BASELINE LEVELS OF CORAL DISEASE IN
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INTRODUCTIONFrench Frigate Shoals (
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linear bands of unidentified granul
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The mesoglea formed an arching stru
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# ###R27####NC#R29## #R31#####TC1 R
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178Figure 3. P. duerdeni. Note clea
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Figure 4. M. capitata, note growth
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Figure 5. P. lobata (A-D). Note clu
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Figure 6. P. lobata (A-H). Coral wi
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Figure 7. A. cytherea (A-D). Type 1
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Figure 8. Blue-gray zooanthid (A-D)
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Report 1. CORAL AND CRUSTOSE CORALL
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Table 1. Coordinates of sites surve
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Based on colony counts within trans
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Histology (gross and microscopic fi
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Figure 2. A) Goniastrea sp. with ba
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Fish bites: This was manifested by
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ABCFigure 7. A-B) Plating Acropora
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ABFigure 9. A-B) Mucus sheathing in
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5. There were differences in preval
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Appendix I. Summary of coral lesion
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Acropora Growth AnomaliesHistology:
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Lobophyllia tissue loss syndromeHis
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Report 2. JOHNSTON ATOLL REEF HEALT
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Six locations were selected for spo
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nematocyst). Other mesenteric filam
Page 228 and 229: atrophied epithelium and absence of
Page 230 and 231: Seapy 1998). Given the simple anato
Page 232 and 233: Conference, Heron Island October. S
Page 234 and 235: Figure 3: Dominant species of coral
Page 236 and 237: ABCDEFFigure 5. A. cytherea. A) Pur
Page 238 and 239: ABCDEFFigure 7. A-B) A. cytherea; D
Page 240 and 241: Figure 9. Number of lesions in A. c
Page 242 and 243: CORAL DISEASE ON THE GREAT BARRIER
Page 244 and 245: incidence is changing through time
Page 246 and 247: populations of ciliates, packed wit
Page 248 and 249: Unusual bleaching patterns: Distinc
Page 250 and 251: V. PATHOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGYDISEAS
Page 252 and 253: EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY AND DISEASE EM
Page 254 and 255: For the reasons outlined above, eme
Page 256 and 257: WILDLIFE DISEASE INVESTIGATIONS 101
Page 258 and 259: animals, the leaves were the same b
Page 260 and 261: examination by a state diagnostic l
Page 262 and 263: In the spring of 2003 large numbers
Page 264 and 265: VI. COMMUNICATION TO MAKE A DIFFERE
Page 266 and 267: An “Ecoplex” conceptual framewo
Page 268 and 269: Low stakeholder trust: defensive pa
Page 270 and 271: skill level for in situ determinati
Page 272 and 273: LEVERAGING POST-GENOMIC TOOLS AND S
Page 274 and 275: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe would like to ac
Page 276 and 277: grateful to the Working Group Chair
Page 280 and 281: Dizon, R. M., and H. T. Yap. 2006a.
Page 282 and 283: Hayakawa, H., T. Andoh, and T. Wata
Page 284 and 285: Kumar, V., A. Abbas, and N. Fausto
Page 286 and 287: Permata, W. D., and M. Hidaka. 2005
Page 288 and 289: Santavy, D. and others 2001. Quanti
Page 290 and 291: Wilkinson, C. 2002. Status of coral
Page 292 and 293: Appendix I. Meeting AgendaCORAL HEA
Page 294 and 295: 7:30 Dinner - Grand Salon Moana Sur
Page 296 and 297: genomic tools, including the curren
Page 298 and 299: Appendix III. Coral Model Species S
Page 300 and 301: Melissa BosMelissa joined the Allia
Page 302 and 303: SUNY College of Environmental Scien
Page 304 and 305: collaboration between the College o
Page 306 and 307: Jo-Ann LeongJo-Ann is Director of t
Page 308 and 309: Amanda McLenonAmanda is currently w
Page 310 and 311: Technical Advisory Committee on Lan
Page 312 and 313: Meir SussmanMeir recently completed
Page 314 and 315: Dana WilliamsDana earned her doctor
Page 316 and 317: Cheryl WoodleyCheryl received her P
Page 318 and 319: Qing Xiao LiUniversity of Hawaii195
Page 320 and 321: Appendix VI.OPINION PAPER:Transmiss
Page 322 and 323: 314
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