Coral Health and Disease in the Pacific: Vision for Action

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E. ‘WHITE PAPERS’The opening day of the workshop focused on presentations derived from 14 positionpapers, to provide context and concepts for the break-out group discussions. Thepresentations, included in this section, covered key topics: What do we currently know about coral diseases in the Pacific? What lessons have we learned from Caribbean disease outbreaks? Diagnostic methods, systems biology and leveraging post-genomic technologies Emerging diseases, disease outbreak investigations and ecological epidemiology How to integrate science with social, economic and political values?82
I. INTRODUCTION—SETTING THE STAGECORAL DISEASE AND HEALTH CONSORTIUM (CDHC)Cheryl M. WoodleyNOAA NOS CCEHBRHollings Marine Laboratory331 Ft Johnson Rd.Charleston, SC 29412cheryl.woodley@noaa.govCDHC - VISION“To understand and address the effects of natural and anthropogenic stressors oncorals in order to contribute to the preservation and protection of coral reefecosystems.”CDHC - WHO ARE WE?The Coral Disease and Health Consortium (CDHC) was created in 2002, in response tothe U.S. Coral Reef Task Force’s (USCRTF) National Action Plan to Conserve CoralReefs (United States Coral Reef Task Force 2000). Our goal is to provide coastal andocean managers with scientific understanding and tools to help protect healthy coral reefecosystems and restore degraded ones. The CDHC is a network of field and laboratoryscientists, coral reef managers, and agency representatives devoted to understanding coralhealth and disease. It is extensive, highly collaborative, and completely voluntary.Currently over 150 partners, from federal agencies, EPA, DOI, NOAA along withacademia, non-profit and industry, contribute their time and expertise to the CDHC,while the organizationalinfrastructure is supported by thecongressionally funded NOAA’sCoral Reef Conservation Program.The commitment to shareinformation, ideas, and commongoals led to the development of anational research plan, CoralDisease and Health: A NationalResearch Plan (Woodley et al.2003), that has inspired many toseek funding and devote newresources to the study andamelioration of coral disease.Members of the CDHC come from a variety of backgrounds, but all have a commoncommitment to share information, ideas, and common goals to further the study of coral83
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TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF FIGURES
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Though the proliferation of coral r
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years. Recent surveys conducted in
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priority right now. What’s I have
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As an initial step to identify and
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The four working groups identified
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able to understand the normal struc
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In the following section the PPWG i
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subspecies, thus limiting the abili
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(Baird and Babcock 2000; Muscatine
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(Yakovleva and Hidaka 2004). In an
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y disulfides (Richards et al. 1983)
Page 39 and 40: species of Octocorallia were report
Page 41 and 42: h. Availability and Processes for o
Page 43 and 44: Understanding of conditions that su
Page 45 and 46: Physiology & Pathology Working Grou
Page 47 and 48: Boehm et al. 1995b; Downs et al. 20
Page 49 and 50: B. Overall Strategic Objective: Imp
Page 51 and 52: Table B.1 CORAL HEALTH/DISEASE INDI
Page 53 and 54: Strategic Objective B.2: Establish
Page 55 and 56: Table B.3 INDICATORS OF CORAL HEALT
Page 57 and 58: Table B.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FA
Page 59 and 60: Table B.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FA
Page 61 and 62: Assess potential reporting requirem
Page 63 and 64: Figure B.2 Integrated Framework for
Page 65 and 66: Challenges and Recommendations:The
Page 67 and 68: Strategic Objective C.2: Develop a
Page 69 and 70: on hold until specific guidelines c
Page 71 and 72: Pathology of Disease Working Group
Page 73 and 74: General efforts to mitigate anthrop
Page 75 and 76: Challenges and RecommendationsThere
Page 77 and 78: d. Identifying and mitigating manag
Page 79 and 80: Strategic Objective D.1: Enhance th
Page 81 and 82: known to be affected by specific co
Page 83 and 84: A variety of natural and anthropoge
Page 85 and 86: Recommendation D.3.2: Develop local
Page 87 and 88: Strategic Objective D.4: Identify p
Page 89: Management Perspectives Working Gro
Page 93 and 94: more difficult to design management
Page 95 and 96: Specialized ResourcesSeveral specia
Page 97 and 98: STUDYING CORAL DISEASES; UNDERSTAND
Page 99 and 100: egional decline of Acropora. Report
Page 101 and 102: distributional maps. The GCDD inclu
Page 103 and 104: Table 1. Diseases, syndromes, abnor
Page 105 and 106: In a review article, Sutherland et
Page 107: Table 2. Various white syndromes re
Page 110 and 111: Dark spots disease was first observ
Page 112 and 113: Table 4. Other Diseases, syndromes,
Page 114 and 115: Fig. 1. Five major scleractinian co
Page 116 and 117: Fig. 3. Number of diseases observed
Page 118 and 119: ReferencesAbbott, R.E. 1979. Ecolog
Page 120 and 121: Bythell, J.C., M.R. Barer, R.P. Coo
Page 122 and 123: Friends of the Virgin Islands Natio
Page 124 and 125: Knowlton, N. , J.C. Lang, M.C. Roon
Page 126 and 127: Peters E.C., J.C. Halas, and H.B. M
Page 128 and 129: Rutzler, K., D.L. Santavy, and A. A
Page 130 and 131: WORLD BANK PROJECT: CORAL DISEASE W
Page 132 and 133: Impact of fish farmsAs part of its
Page 134 and 135: III. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE--LESSON
Page 136 and 137: overgrowing corals, and may prevent
Page 138 and 139: agents have been proposed for sever
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photosynthesis pigments. This inclu
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located predominantly at the axial
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Syndrome Diagnostics ReferenceYBDDS
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The average prevalence of coral dis
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A more virulent form of WP (WP-II)
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Table 2. Prevalence, incidence and
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coralicida; Denner et al., 2003) ba
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Table 3. Causative agents and assoc
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to areas where human activities hav
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What have we learned from Caribbean
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Condition Synonyms Host range Sourc
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ReferencesAbbott, R.E. 1979. Ecolog
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Croquer, A., C. Bastidas and L. Lip
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Smith, and G. R. Vasta. 1999. Emerg
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Richardson, L.L., and K.G. Kuta, 20
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IV. STATE OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE PACIF
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Fisheries:These great expanses of t
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not under the U.S. flag have other
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BASELINE LEVELS OF CORAL DISEASE IN
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INTRODUCTIONFrench Frigate Shoals (
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linear bands of unidentified granul
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The mesoglea formed an arching stru
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# ###R27####NC#R29## #R31#####TC1 R
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178Figure 3. P. duerdeni. Note clea
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Figure 4. M. capitata, note growth
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Figure 5. P. lobata (A-D). Note clu
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Figure 6. P. lobata (A-H). Coral wi
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Figure 7. A. cytherea (A-D). Type 1
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Figure 8. Blue-gray zooanthid (A-D)
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Report 1. CORAL AND CRUSTOSE CORALL
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Table 1. Coordinates of sites surve
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Based on colony counts within trans
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Histology (gross and microscopic fi
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Figure 2. A) Goniastrea sp. with ba
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Fish bites: This was manifested by
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ABCFigure 7. A-B) Plating Acropora
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ABFigure 9. A-B) Mucus sheathing in
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5. There were differences in preval
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Appendix I. Summary of coral lesion
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Acropora Growth AnomaliesHistology:
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Lobophyllia tissue loss syndromeHis
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Report 2. JOHNSTON ATOLL REEF HEALT
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Six locations were selected for spo
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nematocyst). Other mesenteric filam
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atrophied epithelium and absence of
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Seapy 1998). Given the simple anato
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Conference, Heron Island October. S
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Figure 3: Dominant species of coral
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ABCDEFFigure 5. A. cytherea. A) Pur
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ABCDEFFigure 7. A-B) A. cytherea; D
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Figure 9. Number of lesions in A. c
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CORAL DISEASE ON THE GREAT BARRIER
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incidence is changing through time
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populations of ciliates, packed wit
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Unusual bleaching patterns: Distinc
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V. PATHOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGYDISEAS
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EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY AND DISEASE EM
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For the reasons outlined above, eme
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WILDLIFE DISEASE INVESTIGATIONS 101
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animals, the leaves were the same b
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examination by a state diagnostic l
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In the spring of 2003 large numbers
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VI. COMMUNICATION TO MAKE A DIFFERE
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An “Ecoplex” conceptual framewo
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Low stakeholder trust: defensive pa
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skill level for in situ determinati
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LEVERAGING POST-GENOMIC TOOLS AND S
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe would like to ac
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grateful to the Working Group Chair
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Baird, A. H., and P. A. Marshall. 2
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Dizon, R. M., and H. T. Yap. 2006a.
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Hayakawa, H., T. Andoh, and T. Wata
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Kumar, V., A. Abbas, and N. Fausto
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Permata, W. D., and M. Hidaka. 2005
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Santavy, D. and others 2001. Quanti
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Wilkinson, C. 2002. Status of coral
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Appendix I. Meeting AgendaCORAL HEA
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7:30 Dinner - Grand Salon Moana Sur
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genomic tools, including the curren
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Appendix III. Coral Model Species S
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Melissa BosMelissa joined the Allia
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SUNY College of Environmental Scien
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collaboration between the College o
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Jo-Ann LeongJo-Ann is Director of t
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Amanda McLenonAmanda is currently w
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Technical Advisory Committee on Lan
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Meir SussmanMeir recently completed
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Dana WilliamsDana earned her doctor
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Cheryl WoodleyCheryl received her P
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Qing Xiao LiUniversity of Hawaii195
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Appendix VI.OPINION PAPER:Transmiss
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Coral Health and Disease in the Pacific: Vision for Action

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