Coral Health and Disease in the Pacific: Vision for Action

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Cheryl WoodleyCheryl received her Ph.D. in Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology from theMedical University of South Carolina. Since 1992, she has served as a research scientistwith NOAA’s Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research inCharleston, SC and also holds graduate faculty positions at the Medical University ofSouth Carolina and the College of Charleston. Over the past five years, her expertise invirology, molecular biology and biochemistry has been used in adapting biomedicalconcepts and technologies to investigate the effects of natural and anthropogenic stressorson coral heath. Recently her laboratory joined a multi-investigator, multi-agency MarineGenomics team at the Hollings Marine Laboratory, providing access to state of the artgenomic and proteomic technologies to identify diagnostic indicators useful indetermining the health status of coral reef organisms. In 2002, she helped organize andestablish the Coral Disease and Health Consortium (CDHC) in response to the US CoralReef Task Force’s National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs. The mission of theCDHC is “to understand and address the effects of natural and anthropogenic stressors oncorals in order to contribute to the preservation and protection of coral reef ecosystems”.Cheryl currently serves as Coordinator of the CDHC and together with over 50 CDHCmembers, contributing their time and expertise, they work to unify the coral health anddisease research community, identify research priorities, develop innovative technologiesand encourage a new generation of coral researchers through education and outreach.Email: cheryl.woodley@noaa.govThierry WorkThierry is project leader for the Honolulu Field Station of the National Wildlife HealthCenter (USGS). He has degrees in entomology, veterinary medicine, and preventiveveterinary medicine. His interests include diseases of free ranging terrestrial and marinewildlife. Current topics of investigations include diseases of reef fish, corals, and marineturtles.Email: thierry_work@usgs.gov308
Appendix V. List of ParticipantsGreta AebyHawaii Institute of Marine BiologyPO Box 1346Kaneohe, HI 96744Jeffery AllenClemson UniversitySilas Pearman Blvd.Strom Thurmond InstituteClemson, SC 29634Melissa BosUniversity of HawaiiPO Box 1346Kaneohe, HI 96744Andy BrucknerNOAA FisheriesOffice of Habitat Conservation1315 East West HighwaySilver Spring, MD 20910Athline M ClarkHawaii Division of Aquatic Resources1151 Punchbowl St. Rm. 330Honolulu, HI 96813Evelyn (Fenny) CoxNOAA PIRO1601 Kapiolani Blvd. Suite 1110Honolulu, HI 96813Craig DownsHaereticus Environmental LaboratoryPO Box 92Clifford, VA 24533Sylvia GallowayUSDC/NOAA/NOS221 Ft. Johnson RdCharleston, SC 29412Mike GawelGuam EPA120 Bengbing St.Y-PapaoDededo, GU 96929Marion HenryDepartment of Economic Affairs, FSMP. O. Box PS12Palikir, Pohnpei 96941Federated States of MicronesiaJulie HigginsNOAA/NOS331 Ft. Johnson Rd.Charleston, SC 29412Takiora IngramNWHI Policy Specialist,Division of Aquatic Resources1151 Punchbowl St, Rm 330Honolulu, HI 96813Dave JessupCalifornia Dept. Fish and Game1451 Shaffer Rd.Santa Cruz, CA 95060Robert JonasGeorge Mason UniversityDept Environmental Science and PolicyGeorge Mason UniversityFairfax, VA 22030Eugene JosephConservation Society of PohnpeiP.O.Box 2461Kolonia, Pohnpei 96941Federated States of MicronesiaJennifer KozlowskiNOAA1305 East West HwySSMC4, N/ORM3Silver Spring, MD 20910Esti Kramarksy-WinterTel Aviv University25 B Kakal StRehovot 76345IsraelAriel KushmaroBen-Gurion UniversityDepartment of Biotechnology EngineeringP. O. Box 653.Be'er-Sheva 84105IsraelJo-Ann LeongUniversity of HawaiiHawaii Institute of Marine BiologyPO Box 1346Kaneohe, HI 96744309
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TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF FIGURES
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Though the proliferation of coral r
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years. Recent surveys conducted in
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priority right now. What’s I have
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As an initial step to identify and
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The four working groups identified
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able to understand the normal struc
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In the following section the PPWG i
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subspecies, thus limiting the abili
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(Baird and Babcock 2000; Muscatine
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(Yakovleva and Hidaka 2004). In an
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y disulfides (Richards et al. 1983)
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species of Octocorallia were report
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h. Availability and Processes for o
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Understanding of conditions that su
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Physiology & Pathology Working Grou
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Boehm et al. 1995b; Downs et al. 20
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B. Overall Strategic Objective: Imp
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Table B.1 CORAL HEALTH/DISEASE INDI
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Strategic Objective B.2: Establish
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Table B.3 INDICATORS OF CORAL HEALT
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Table B.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FA
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Table B.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FA
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Assess potential reporting requirem
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Figure B.2 Integrated Framework for
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Challenges and Recommendations:The
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Strategic Objective C.2: Develop a
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on hold until specific guidelines c
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Pathology of Disease Working Group
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General efforts to mitigate anthrop
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Challenges and RecommendationsThere
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d. Identifying and mitigating manag
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Strategic Objective D.1: Enhance th
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known to be affected by specific co
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A variety of natural and anthropoge
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Recommendation D.3.2: Develop local
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Strategic Objective D.4: Identify p
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Management Perspectives Working Gro
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I. INTRODUCTION—SETTING THE STAGE
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more difficult to design management
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Specialized ResourcesSeveral specia
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STUDYING CORAL DISEASES; UNDERSTAND
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egional decline of Acropora. Report
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distributional maps. The GCDD inclu
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Table 1. Diseases, syndromes, abnor
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In a review article, Sutherland et
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Table 2. Various white syndromes re
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Dark spots disease was first observ
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Table 4. Other Diseases, syndromes,
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Fig. 1. Five major scleractinian co
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Fig. 3. Number of diseases observed
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ReferencesAbbott, R.E. 1979. Ecolog
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Bythell, J.C., M.R. Barer, R.P. Coo
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Friends of the Virgin Islands Natio
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Knowlton, N. , J.C. Lang, M.C. Roon
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Peters E.C., J.C. Halas, and H.B. M
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Rutzler, K., D.L. Santavy, and A. A
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WORLD BANK PROJECT: CORAL DISEASE W
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Impact of fish farmsAs part of its
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III. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE--LESSON
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overgrowing corals, and may prevent
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agents have been proposed for sever
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photosynthesis pigments. This inclu
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located predominantly at the axial
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Syndrome Diagnostics ReferenceYBDDS
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The average prevalence of coral dis
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A more virulent form of WP (WP-II)
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Table 2. Prevalence, incidence and
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coralicida; Denner et al., 2003) ba
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Table 3. Causative agents and assoc
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to areas where human activities hav
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What have we learned from Caribbean
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Condition Synonyms Host range Sourc
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ReferencesAbbott, R.E. 1979. Ecolog
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Croquer, A., C. Bastidas and L. Lip
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Smith, and G. R. Vasta. 1999. Emerg
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Richardson, L.L., and K.G. Kuta, 20
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IV. STATE OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE PACIF
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Fisheries:These great expanses of t
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not under the U.S. flag have other
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BASELINE LEVELS OF CORAL DISEASE IN
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INTRODUCTIONFrench Frigate Shoals (
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linear bands of unidentified granul
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The mesoglea formed an arching stru
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# ###R27####NC#R29## #R31#####TC1 R
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178Figure 3. P. duerdeni. Note clea
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Figure 4. M. capitata, note growth
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Figure 5. P. lobata (A-D). Note clu
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Figure 6. P. lobata (A-H). Coral wi
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Figure 7. A. cytherea (A-D). Type 1
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Figure 8. Blue-gray zooanthid (A-D)
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Report 1. CORAL AND CRUSTOSE CORALL
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Table 1. Coordinates of sites surve
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Based on colony counts within trans
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Histology (gross and microscopic fi
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Figure 2. A) Goniastrea sp. with ba
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Fish bites: This was manifested by
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ABCFigure 7. A-B) Plating Acropora
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ABFigure 9. A-B) Mucus sheathing in
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5. There were differences in preval
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Appendix I. Summary of coral lesion
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Acropora Growth AnomaliesHistology:
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Lobophyllia tissue loss syndromeHis
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Report 2. JOHNSTON ATOLL REEF HEALT
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Six locations were selected for spo
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nematocyst). Other mesenteric filam
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atrophied epithelium and absence of
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Seapy 1998). Given the simple anato
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Conference, Heron Island October. S
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Figure 3: Dominant species of coral
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ABCDEFFigure 5. A. cytherea. A) Pur
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ABCDEFFigure 7. A-B) A. cytherea; D
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Figure 9. Number of lesions in A. c
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CORAL DISEASE ON THE GREAT BARRIER
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incidence is changing through time
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populations of ciliates, packed wit
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Unusual bleaching patterns: Distinc
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V. PATHOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGYDISEAS
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EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY AND DISEASE EM
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For the reasons outlined above, eme
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WILDLIFE DISEASE INVESTIGATIONS 101
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animals, the leaves were the same b
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examination by a state diagnostic l
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In the spring of 2003 large numbers
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VI. COMMUNICATION TO MAKE A DIFFERE
Page 266 and 267: An “Ecoplex” conceptual framewo
Page 268 and 269: Low stakeholder trust: defensive pa
Page 270 and 271: skill level for in situ determinati
Page 272 and 273: LEVERAGING POST-GENOMIC TOOLS AND S
Page 274 and 275: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe would like to ac
Page 276 and 277: grateful to the Working Group Chair
Page 278 and 279: Baird, A. H., and P. A. Marshall. 2
Page 280 and 281: Dizon, R. M., and H. T. Yap. 2006a.
Page 282 and 283: Hayakawa, H., T. Andoh, and T. Wata
Page 284 and 285: Kumar, V., A. Abbas, and N. Fausto
Page 286 and 287: Permata, W. D., and M. Hidaka. 2005
Page 288 and 289: Santavy, D. and others 2001. Quanti
Page 290 and 291: Wilkinson, C. 2002. Status of coral
Page 292 and 293: Appendix I. Meeting AgendaCORAL HEA
Page 294 and 295: 7:30 Dinner - Grand Salon Moana Sur
Page 296 and 297: genomic tools, including the curren
Page 298 and 299: Appendix III. Coral Model Species S
Page 300 and 301: Melissa BosMelissa joined the Allia
Page 302 and 303: SUNY College of Environmental Scien
Page 304 and 305: collaboration between the College o
Page 306 and 307: Jo-Ann LeongJo-Ann is Director of t
Page 308 and 309: Amanda McLenonAmanda is currently w
Page 310 and 311: Technical Advisory Committee on Lan
Page 312 and 313: Meir SussmanMeir recently completed
Page 314 and 315: Dana WilliamsDana earned her doctor
Page 318 and 319: Qing Xiao LiUniversity of Hawaii195
Page 320 and 321: Appendix VI.OPINION PAPER:Transmiss
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