Coral Health and Disease in the Pacific: Vision for Action

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VI. COMMUNICATION TO MAKE A DIFFERENCESCIENTISTS, THE PUBLIC AND THE POLITICIANS: HOW DO WECONNECT FOR REEF’S SAKE?Jeffery AllenClemson UniversitySilas Pearman Blvd.Strom Thurmond InstituteClemson, SC 29634jeff@strom.clemson.eduTwo Examples1 - Coastal Land Use and Policy2 - Integrating Science & Values to Inform Ecosystem ManagementFirst Example - Coastal Growth and SustainabilitySouth Carolina’s population expected to increase by 24% by the year 2030 according toU.S. Census Bureau.Rusk and many others have shown that corresponding land development occurs at muchhigher percentages.Tools are needed to help policy and decision makers understand patterns of urban growthand potential impacts - economic, social/cultural, and ecological.Modeling Land Use Change and Urban GrowthTransportation Models - TRANUS - (Johnston and Shabazian)Deterministic Land Use Models - SACMET, UPLAN (Sui)Cellular Automaton Models - SLEUTH (Jantz & Goetz, Clarke)Rule-based Models (Pijanowski)Logistic Regression Models - CUF (Landis)Charleston, SC Region Growth Prediction SummaryUnder the current modeling scenario, there are two assumptions involved. The ratio ofoverall urban land use change (255%) to overall population growth (41%) from 1973 to1994 occurred at a ratio of about 6:1. Secondly, it is assumed that population for the threecounty area will grow to 795,879 by the year 2030 as predicted by projections of the256
BCD COG compiled with information from the U.S. Census Bureau, SC Department ofCommerce and the BCD COG. The predicted urban growth mainly takes the pattern ofurban sprawl and by the year 2030 consumes 868 square miles within the BCD area. Ifthe current growth trends continue and the predictions hold true, the future urban growthwill sprawl considerably outward from the current urban boundaries. This has severalsignificant economic, environmental, and social implications in policy-making and urbanplanning.Regional Policy ConsiderationsLocal - majority of land use decisions made at this level - municipalities must workcloser with developers to balance growth and fiscal responsibilities - work with othermunicipalities to coordinate growth impacts.County and State - policies affect how growth spreads into rural areas - have a certainamount of regulatory authority which must be carefully used to protect environment andinfluence developer decisions.Federal - many programs indirectly influence development (DOT, NFIP, EPA) - can helpby providing expertise to state and local entities through research/information as well asdirect funding (community grants, etc.).Planning and management - NOAA scientists utilizing growth predictions through LU-CES program. SCDNR officials incorporating growth models into coastal habitatmanagement. SCDHEC officials considered growth models in Coastal Futures planning.TNC, SCCCL use models for open space planning.Second Example - Integrating Science & Values to Inform Ecosystem ManagementWill Focht, Director, Environmental InstituteOklahoma State UniversityMarty Matlock, Assoc Prof, Bio/Ag EngrUniversity of ArkansasEcosystem Management ChallengeManagement of ecosystems involves:Factual uncertaintyValue saliencySocial controversyHigh stakesDistrustHow should decisions be made in such contexts? How can both facts and values beaccommodated?Four points to consider:257
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TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF FIGURES
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Though the proliferation of coral r
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years. Recent surveys conducted in
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priority right now. What’s I have
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As an initial step to identify and
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The four working groups identified
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able to understand the normal struc
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In the following section the PPWG i
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subspecies, thus limiting the abili
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(Baird and Babcock 2000; Muscatine
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(Yakovleva and Hidaka 2004). In an
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y disulfides (Richards et al. 1983)
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species of Octocorallia were report
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h. Availability and Processes for o
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Understanding of conditions that su
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Physiology & Pathology Working Grou
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Boehm et al. 1995b; Downs et al. 20
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B. Overall Strategic Objective: Imp
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Table B.1 CORAL HEALTH/DISEASE INDI
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Strategic Objective B.2: Establish
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Table B.3 INDICATORS OF CORAL HEALT
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Table B.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FA
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Table B.4 IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FA
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Assess potential reporting requirem
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Figure B.2 Integrated Framework for
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Challenges and Recommendations:The
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Strategic Objective C.2: Develop a
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on hold until specific guidelines c
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Pathology of Disease Working Group
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General efforts to mitigate anthrop
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Challenges and RecommendationsThere
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d. Identifying and mitigating manag
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Strategic Objective D.1: Enhance th
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known to be affected by specific co
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A variety of natural and anthropoge
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Recommendation D.3.2: Develop local
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Strategic Objective D.4: Identify p
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Management Perspectives Working Gro
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I. INTRODUCTION—SETTING THE STAGE
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more difficult to design management
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Specialized ResourcesSeveral specia
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STUDYING CORAL DISEASES; UNDERSTAND
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egional decline of Acropora. Report
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distributional maps. The GCDD inclu
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Table 1. Diseases, syndromes, abnor
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In a review article, Sutherland et
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Table 2. Various white syndromes re
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Dark spots disease was first observ
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Table 4. Other Diseases, syndromes,
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Fig. 1. Five major scleractinian co
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Fig. 3. Number of diseases observed
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ReferencesAbbott, R.E. 1979. Ecolog
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Bythell, J.C., M.R. Barer, R.P. Coo
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Friends of the Virgin Islands Natio
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Knowlton, N. , J.C. Lang, M.C. Roon
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Peters E.C., J.C. Halas, and H.B. M
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Rutzler, K., D.L. Santavy, and A. A
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WORLD BANK PROJECT: CORAL DISEASE W
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Impact of fish farmsAs part of its
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III. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE--LESSON
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overgrowing corals, and may prevent
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agents have been proposed for sever
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photosynthesis pigments. This inclu
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located predominantly at the axial
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Syndrome Diagnostics ReferenceYBDDS
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The average prevalence of coral dis
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A more virulent form of WP (WP-II)
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Table 2. Prevalence, incidence and
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coralicida; Denner et al., 2003) ba
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Table 3. Causative agents and assoc
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to areas where human activities hav
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What have we learned from Caribbean
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Condition Synonyms Host range Sourc
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ReferencesAbbott, R.E. 1979. Ecolog
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Croquer, A., C. Bastidas and L. Lip
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Smith, and G. R. Vasta. 1999. Emerg
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Richardson, L.L., and K.G. Kuta, 20
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IV. STATE OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE PACIF
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Fisheries:These great expanses of t
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not under the U.S. flag have other
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BASELINE LEVELS OF CORAL DISEASE IN
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INTRODUCTIONFrench Frigate Shoals (
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linear bands of unidentified granul
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The mesoglea formed an arching stru
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# ###R27####NC#R29## #R31#####TC1 R
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178Figure 3. P. duerdeni. Note clea
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Figure 4. M. capitata, note growth
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Figure 5. P. lobata (A-D). Note clu
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Figure 6. P. lobata (A-H). Coral wi
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Figure 7. A. cytherea (A-D). Type 1
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Figure 8. Blue-gray zooanthid (A-D)
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Report 1. CORAL AND CRUSTOSE CORALL
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Table 1. Coordinates of sites surve
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Based on colony counts within trans
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Histology (gross and microscopic fi
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Figure 2. A) Goniastrea sp. with ba
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Fish bites: This was manifested by
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ABCFigure 7. A-B) Plating Acropora
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ABFigure 9. A-B) Mucus sheathing in
Page 214 and 215: 5. There were differences in preval
Page 216 and 217: Appendix I. Summary of coral lesion
Page 218 and 219: Acropora Growth AnomaliesHistology:
Page 220 and 221: Lobophyllia tissue loss syndromeHis
Page 222 and 223: Report 2. JOHNSTON ATOLL REEF HEALT
Page 224 and 225: Six locations were selected for spo
Page 226 and 227: nematocyst). Other mesenteric filam
Page 228 and 229: atrophied epithelium and absence of
Page 230 and 231: Seapy 1998). Given the simple anato
Page 232 and 233: Conference, Heron Island October. S
Page 234 and 235: Figure 3: Dominant species of coral
Page 236 and 237: ABCDEFFigure 5. A. cytherea. A) Pur
Page 238 and 239: ABCDEFFigure 7. A-B) A. cytherea; D
Page 240 and 241: Figure 9. Number of lesions in A. c
Page 242 and 243: CORAL DISEASE ON THE GREAT BARRIER
Page 244 and 245: incidence is changing through time
Page 246 and 247: populations of ciliates, packed wit
Page 248 and 249: Unusual bleaching patterns: Distinc
Page 250 and 251: V. PATHOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGYDISEAS
Page 252 and 253: EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY AND DISEASE EM
Page 254 and 255: For the reasons outlined above, eme
Page 256 and 257: WILDLIFE DISEASE INVESTIGATIONS 101
Page 258 and 259: animals, the leaves were the same b
Page 260 and 261: examination by a state diagnostic l
Page 262 and 263: In the spring of 2003 large numbers
Page 266 and 267: An “Ecoplex” conceptual framewo
Page 268 and 269: Low stakeholder trust: defensive pa
Page 270 and 271: skill level for in situ determinati
Page 272 and 273: LEVERAGING POST-GENOMIC TOOLS AND S
Page 274 and 275: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe would like to ac
Page 276 and 277: grateful to the Working Group Chair
Page 278 and 279: Baird, A. H., and P. A. Marshall. 2
Page 280 and 281: Dizon, R. M., and H. T. Yap. 2006a.
Page 282 and 283: Hayakawa, H., T. Andoh, and T. Wata
Page 284 and 285: Kumar, V., A. Abbas, and N. Fausto
Page 286 and 287: Permata, W. D., and M. Hidaka. 2005
Page 288 and 289: Santavy, D. and others 2001. Quanti
Page 290 and 291: Wilkinson, C. 2002. Status of coral
Page 292 and 293: Appendix I. Meeting AgendaCORAL HEA
Page 294 and 295: 7:30 Dinner - Grand Salon Moana Sur
Page 296 and 297: genomic tools, including the curren
Page 298 and 299: Appendix III. Coral Model Species S
Page 300 and 301: Melissa BosMelissa joined the Allia
Page 302 and 303: SUNY College of Environmental Scien
Page 304 and 305: collaboration between the College o
Page 306 and 307: Jo-Ann LeongJo-Ann is Director of t
Page 308 and 309: Amanda McLenonAmanda is currently w
Page 310 and 311: Technical Advisory Committee on Lan
Page 312 and 313: Meir SussmanMeir recently completed
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Dana WilliamsDana earned her doctor
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Cheryl WoodleyCheryl received her P
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Qing Xiao LiUniversity of Hawaii195
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Appendix VI.OPINION PAPER:Transmiss
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