i Patrick W. Staib Anthropology This dissertation is approved, and it ...

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Naranjo without running much risk of losing them as members. On the other hand, UCA needs to nurture the relationship with Procaoc. As argued earlier, the reciprocal relationship between base-level and second-tier cooperatives varies. Wealthier co-ops tend to get better treatment. They can use their bargaining power to demand services on their terms. The El Naranjo co-ops have to take what they can get. As Santos put it, “¿A donde van a ir? Nadie los quiere y no pueden trabajar solos. (Where else would they go? No one wants them and they can’t operate on their own.)” The UCA and the El Naranjo cooperatives are dependent on one another, yet the relationship tends toward disharmony and bias. The preschool project was completed in October 2005. The inauguration of the El Naranjo preschool was a major event for the Segovias community. It was publicized on local radio stations and in the press. The UCA printed a huge banner with supporters’ and sponsors’ names in bold print. The regional director and national director for Exportadora Atlantic S.A. were present at the ribbon cutting. Local politicians, community leaders, journalists, and cooperative members came together in El Naranjo to participate in a morning of speeches and dedications. Musicians and a traditional dance group performed for the crowd. The event was well attended, and afterward most people in attendence returned to Las Grietas for an asado (barbeque/cookout) and a fiesta. Oddly, no one from El Naranjo came to the celebratory cookout. Danilo hosted the reception in his cocinona. The UCA paid food catered by a local restaurant. Santos and Danilo cooked chorizos on a charcoal grill made of an old tire rim and rebar. They played música testimonial of Silvio Rodríguez and Amparo Ochoa on the stereo as everyone ate, drank, and conversed. The group got livelier as the 262
day went on. The music changed to louder and faster salsa and merengue. The music was very loud, and we had to shout in order to be heard. Don Gonzalo, the regional director of the Atlantic S.A. office in Ocotal, was spirited in commenting, ¡Que orgullo de tener la oportunidad de celebrar el éxito de vender comercio justo! Es el primer proyecto social del comercio justo y Atlantic está para apoyar a las comunidades. Es una dicha trabajar así. La comunidad está feliz y nosotros estamos bien orgullosos. (What pride to be able to celebrate the successful sale of Fair Trade coffee. It’s the first social project from Fair Trade [in San Juan] and Atlantic is here to support the communities. It is a blessing to work this way. The community is happy and we are very proud.) We drank and danced until late. A few days later I took time to consider the commentary that Don Gonzalo made. He and others took great pride in the collective accomplishment of exporting a container of Fair-Trade-certified coffee and then investing the social premium funds in the community of El Naranjo. Oddly, Don Gonzalo had almost nothing to do the project. Had the coffee not been certified Fair Trade, Don Gonzalo would have executed the exact same function as an export executive. I recalled the remark that Juan Pablo made in reference to who stands to gain out of this preschool project. My concerns regarding the dynamics of this project and the accolades that ensued were confirmed by the remarks that one of Danilo’s group members made to me. Doña Maura Monje is one of the original members of the Las Grietas group. She worked for the Salinas Pinell APP and acquired land in the concertación along with the rest of Danilo’s group. She farms on six manzanas and works with her three sons, who are coffee farmers as well. Together, they own a two-wheel drive Nissan flatbed pickup truck. They offer transport services throughout Las Delicias valley, where Las Grietas is located. I had worked with Doña Maura’s sons when picking coffee for two other Las Grietas farmers, Santos González and Eliazar Romero. One afternoon while conducting 263
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Patrick W. Staib Candidate Anthropo
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COFFEE AND THE COUNTRYSIDE: SMALL F
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I heartily acknowle
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Informal Economy in San Juan del R
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Preface La sabiduria y la constante
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aftershocks of a war in this commun
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This chapter brings the reader into
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Introduction: The Fieldwork I first
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I had visited Matagalpa in 2000, wh
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agricultural extension agents 3 in
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Figure 1. Map of Nicaragua showing
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Nevertheless, San Juan was the idea
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Telpaneca today is a depressed muni
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Figure 2. Electoral map of San Juan
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espondents reported that at least o
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In my experience assisting small-sc
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fieldwork, including surveying, int
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crop aggregation meeting simply bec
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The following chapters are an overv
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Don Amado raised his family of six
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once-bustling colonial center of Nu
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One afternoon, while sitting on his
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Chapter 1 Regional Identity Formati
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Vásquez’ records indicate that t
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The native Segovians apparently coo
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The role of native Segovians was ke
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thousands 22 of passengers to Nicar
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The Pueblos de Indios stood in the
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industry leader and an advocate for
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The mid to late 1980s proved to be
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The Indigenous Revolt of 1881 and I
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These communities appear to have es
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sectors of society forced rural com
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Nationalist writers Gámez (1889),
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San Juan farmers’ understandings
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Sandinista Revolution made signific
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Sandino’s Influential Rebellion A
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Migrant workers in the Babilonia go
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In an ironic turn of events, the Sa
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Somoza regime and U.S. economic and
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The high ideals of the Sandinista r
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three special zones. Las Segovias,
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economic activity for rural communi
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Over time, some members wanted to g
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Chapter 3 Personal Histories of Agr
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to talk about the confiscation of S
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mountains, El Malacate, El Majaste,
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transport between Samarkanda and Sa
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high-altitude farmland. Don Mundo,
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areas. The Contras were former Guar
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effort. As Don Ramón put it, “la
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The project was called Huertos Fami
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who is president of the Carlos Fons
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Part Two Development: International
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I consider how organic coffee fits
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Small-Scale Agrarian Communities, D
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Although the ideological justificat
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(Richards 1985; Dennis 1987). Latin
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dominated much of Third World expor
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depleting natural resources or degr
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communities experience tensions and
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I sat in and helped facilitate seve
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urning. When the wind was calm, our
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Marvin was involved with a rural en
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Hurricane Mitch and the Internation
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Conclusion Because the plant and th
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The Farmers of Las Grietas Upon mee
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stonemason and carpenter for local
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for work in the past five years? If
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for Danilo, but not as closely as w
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The lives of these three families h
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Adrian was able to invest in a bene
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employee dormitories. The large far
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Wiwilí. Danilo had to show proof o
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in Nicaragua, and I encountered it
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from the training in production tec
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farmers who receive pre-harvest fin
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award committee, in 2003 and 2004.
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time farm staff. Danilo, on the oth
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were able to accumulate large tract
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natural resources, to conserve, pro
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The growers share a collective resp
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Danilo, Maragojipe does not thrive
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In August and September, farmers fo
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gallon bucket of coffee cherries, a
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section with smaller Catuaí plants
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The beans turn from a pale green to
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Rainforest Alliance and the Audubon
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Figure 5. Depulping coffee with mot
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engañar facilmente (They [the brok
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farmers are not adept at these proc
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The International Cup of Excellence
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Organic Farming Responsibilities In
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The Nicaraguan Rural Development In
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unsuccessfully combated, can only b
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Organic Fertilizers Many coffee far
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community. This means, for example,
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application. Most farmers had not e
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They returned that evening empty-ha
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Danilo’s fields as we talked with
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converting to organic production. H
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in their cooperative and communitie
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organizational strategies present m
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Part Three Outcomes: Cooperative Or
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organizational models that have bee
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coffee farmer, and José Manuel Mor
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El estado cuenta con nosotros porqu
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company” (la empresa) when talkin
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their estimated yield should cover
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firm, CISA/AGRO. Corcasan has its o
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earning higher prices for their far
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funding package. Corcasan brought i
Page 225 and 226: The credit model from banks and mic
Page 227 and 228: green coffee that weighed 412 quint
Page 229 and 230: This is not an exact measurement, b
Page 231 and 232: only for a few select farmers. That
Page 233 and 234: Tito is Heberto’s oldest son. He
Page 235 and 236: Towards the end of my fieldwork the
Page 237 and 238: Danilo received several of the bene
Page 239 and 240: prohibited on this farm).” Some f
Page 241 and 242: One afternoon in August 2006, near
Page 243 and 244: single gas station in San Juan. Bro
Page 245 and 246: camp, was only 30 kilometers away.
Page 247 and 248: emote parts of the community to fin
Page 249 and 250: apparently the more diligent farmer
Page 251 and 252: Chapter 8 Community-Based Campesino
Page 253 and 254: campesinos y del ecosistema. No hay
Page 255 and 256: Nosotros en la Procaoc vendemos apa
Page 257 and 258: have the capacity to supply the dem
Page 259 and 260: instructor, actually instructs farm
Page 261 and 262: transparencia (There’s problems w
Page 263 and 264: waste my time with the smaller farm
Page 265 and 266: Javier Vanegas, accountant for the
Page 267 and 268: conversation provided a foundation
Page 269 and 270: carpenter; and Jorge, the assistant
Page 271 and 272: “Nosotros [Guillermo Hernández]
Page 273 and 274: en el servicio. (They gave it to me
Page 275: The cooperative model for export ag
Page 279 and 280: would ask me about my research and
Page 281 and 282: familiar with the community of Guan
Page 283 and 284: houses and additional farmland, but
Page 285 and 286: statement was in reference to Corca
Page 287 and 288: colonial history in Chapter 1), the
Page 289 and 290: Conclusion Regional Segovian identi
Page 291 and 292: production and marketing of organic
Page 293 and 294: economic development programs. In t
Page 295 and 296: capacity of their fellow farmers. T
Page 297 and 298: encountered in trying to conserve r
Page 299 and 300: Benjamin, Medea 1987 Don’t Be Afr
Page 301 and 302: Enríquez, Laura J. 1991 Harvesting
Page 303 and 304: Guido, Clemente 1989 Los Conservado
Page 305 and 306: MAGFOR 2004 Estrategia para la reco
Page 307 and 308: Redford, Kent H. and Allyn. M. Stea
Page 309 and 310: Turner, Terence 1991 Representing,
Page 311 and 312: Appendix EL SIGÜIENTE COMUNICADO R
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