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Planes* »Bevel dOWn«advantageS and diSadvantageScutting angle depends on frog angleThe cutting angle is more easily adjustedin »bevel-up« than »bevel-down« planes.However, frogs with different slope anglesare available for Lie Nielsen planes.cutting angle 43-46°Normal cutting anglefor general work withrelatively low cuttingresistance.cutting angle 50-60°On highly figured woodthis angle creates lesstear-out, by breaking thefibres before they split.A disadvantage is that the iron will cut lessand scrape more which dulls the iron morequickly.• The blade sits bevel-up in the planebody. This makes the cutting angle easy toadjust (from normal to difficult-to-planewood through to end grain) by regrindingthe bevel angle. For frequent changes, werecommend a second blade.• The adjustable plane mouth allows boththick and very fine shavings.• With a „hotdog“ also suitable for planingend grain.Simple lateral blade adjustmentLateral adjustment of the blade is easilydone via the adjustment lever.full blade supportThe frog provides a smooth and large seatfor the whole blade, reducing chatter to aminimum.additional weightAdditional weight means the plane sitssolidly on the surface. This is particularlyadvantageous for working with irregulargrains and wood that is difficult to plane.adjustment of mouth opening changescutting depthBecause the frog runs on an inclined surface,any adjustment to the mouth also affects thecutting depth. This can be counteracted byturning the central adjusting mechanism.Blade angle 75-100°(cutting angle is definedby a raised burr)At this angle, youscrape instead of cutting(scraping plane). Since this type of planingcauses minimal tear-out, it is ideal for wildgrain structures and woods that are difficultto plane.iS there a „UniverSal“ plane?Which planeS WOUld Be MOSt USefUlfOr a Beginner?If you want to add a second plane, werecommend a bench plane no. 4 or 4½.Lie-Nielsen p. 88 and 89 nos. 703712,703736, 703751 / Veritas p. 92 no.703680 / DICK p. 93 no. 703331 / Kunzp. 95 no. 703241 / Anant p. 96 no. 703215or Japanese plane p. 98 no. 717057 /ECE p. 100 nos. 703105, 703109.cUtting angleWhen should the different cutting angles orblade angles be used?cutting angle 36-38°Preferred for end grain,where less tear-outis to be expected becausethe fibres break easily.With this cutting angle, the fibres are actuallycut off. When planing along the grain, youshould only take fine shavings with a smallmouth opening to prevent premature splittingof the wood.The most universal type of plane is theno. 62 or no. 610 low-angle jack plane(Lie-Nielsen p. 87 nos. 703706 and703816 / DICK p. 93 nos. 703420 and703419)• Sized midway between the standardno. 4 bench plane and the no. 6 foreplane, the longer sole makes this planesuitable for finishing as well as joiningand truing.A good addition to the first two planes isa low-angle block plane, preferably withshoulder function for small workpieces aswell as bevels and rebates. Lie-Nielsen p. 86nos. 703714, 703792 / Veritas p. 92 no.703693 / DICK p. 93 nos. 703334, 703335/ Stanley p. 96 no. 703011 or ECE p. 100no. 703101.85