Mitigation and Remedy of Groundwater Arsenic Menace in India

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Mitigation and Remedy of Groundwater Arsenic Menace in India : A Vision Documenttechnological inputs to improve performance, cost effectiveness and management practices ofongoing programmes. Further a new initiative in the form of Pradhan Mantry Gramodaya Yojana(PMGY) for Rural Drinking water started from 2000-2001 provides scope for taking up Projects/schemes on sustainability. The rationale of funding should be based on following factors:• Competing demand of groundwater for irrigation, industrial and other purposes,• Excessive withdrawal of ground water without taking into consideration the recharge,• Low electricity tariff for agricultural and industrial use,• Lack of scientific input and management of ground water,• Misuse of precious water and treating it as a free, ever lasting commodity,• Lack of sustainability principle in withdrawal of ground water etc.Under PMGY-Rural Drinking Water in water stressed area 25% fund of sub-mission programmeof ARWSP has been earmarked for taking up projects /schemes based on rainwater harvesting,artificial recharge and sustainability.8.2.3 National Rural Employment Guarantee Act-2005 (NREGA).The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act-2005 (NREGA), operationalized underthe Ministry of Rural Development, Department of Rural Development, Government of India,has the objective to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days ofguaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household, whose adult membersvolunteer to do un-skilled manual work. In addition, the Act also has provision of semi-skilledwages in the form of mate with educational requirements between class-5 and class-8. Thefinancing patterns of wages as mentioned in the NREGA are as follows: the Central Govt. willbear; (a) entire cost of un-skilled manual workers, (b) 75 percent of the cost of material andwages for skilled and semi-skilled workers, and (c) administrative expenses as may bedetermined by the Central Govt. While the State Govt. will bear: (a) 25 percent of the cost ofmaterial and wages for skilled and semi-skilled workers, and (b) administrative expenses of theState Employment Guarantee Council.One of the goals of the NREGA is the new way of doing business, as a model ofgovernance reform anchored on the principles of transparency and grass root democracy.Water conservation and water harvesting is one of the works envisaged in the NREGA. The keystakeholders are: wage seekers, Gram Sabha, Panchyati Raj Institutions, Programme Officer atthe Block level, District Programme Coordinator, State Government, Ministry of RuralDevelopment. The operational aspects, rules of the NREGA and roles of Stakeholders are welldefined in the Act.NIH & CGWB 149
Roadmap for Achieving Envisaged Targets8.3 Operational Framework'Bharat Nirman' provides scope for action plan in rural infrastructural; 'AcceleratedRural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP) & Pradhan Mantry Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY) -Rural Drinking Water' provides scope for action plans institutionalizing community participationin the capital cost sharing, O & M and WQM& S for pilot schemes and taking up R & DProjects/schemes including human resource development and capacity building; INCGW andINCOH under the Ministry of Water Resources also provide financial assistance for R & DProgrammes and Projects, and the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act-2005 (NREGA)gives scope to involve local semi-skilled/skilled persons for facilitating the activities in operationand maintenance of the system.The provision of creating a network of water quality testing laboratories in each arsenicaffected State having provision of one level-II category laboratory in each district is kept out ofscope of the operational framework of activities. There is a need to evolve a policy decision anda National guideline for such activity to roll over.The plan of activities can be pursued linking with the above mentioned GOI schemes asfollows:(i)(ii)(iii)Within the given scope of the 'Bharat Nirman' scheme, which has the provision ofproviding one hand pump or stand post for every 250 persons to ensure 40 liters percapita per day (lpcd) of safe drinking water for human beings, provision of new handpumps in all arsenic fringe areas of affected States to tap arsenic free shallow aquifersand to ensure supply of potable groundwater with 50:50 financial share by the Centraland the respective State Government can be extended.The Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP) under the Ministry of Rural Development, which provides scope for action plans institutionalizing communityparticipation in the capital cost sharing; initiatives for installation of new schemes forsafe drinking water supply in water quality affected habitations with capital cost sharingby the Central and the respective State Government, can be extended to install newarsenic removal plants and to create new tube wells to tap risk free deeper aquifers inthe arsenic vulnerable areas for ensuring safe drinking water supply to the people in thearsenic affected areas in all seven States. The Stand posts along the roadside tofacilitate supply of water can be extended from the provision of 'Bharat Nirman' scheme.The mechanism of capital cost sharing by the community participation can be similar asis being followed in ARWSP.For reviving and strengthening the existing non-functional and defunct arsenic removalunits/plants/schemes by the components or as a complete new setup of existingsuccessful arsenic removal devices (applicable for West Bengal only), one-timefinancial aid on 50:50 capital cost sharing between the Central and the State150NIH & CGWB
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe Government of In
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nearly 33 villages in 4 districts i
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(iii) Whether ex-situ removal techn
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6.4 Experiences during Arsenic Remo
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List of FiguresFigure no. Figure ca
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List of TablesTable no. Table Capti
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Mitigation and Remedy of Groundwate
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5.2.2 Co-precipitationMitigation an
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Mitigation and Remedy of Groundwater Arsenic Menace in India

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