<strong>Mitigation</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Remedy</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Groundwater</strong> <strong>Arsenic</strong> <strong>Menace</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>India</strong> : A Vision DocumentGeochemistry <strong>of</strong> the Holocene alluvial sediments <strong>of</strong> Bengal Delta Pla<strong>in</strong> from WestBengal, <strong>India</strong>: implications on arsenic contam<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>in</strong> groundwater. In Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong>National Sem<strong>in</strong>ar on <strong>Groundwater</strong> <strong>Arsenic</strong> Contam<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>in</strong> the Bengal Delta Pla<strong>in</strong>s <strong>of</strong>Bangladesh (eds Jacks, G., Bhattacharya, P. <strong>and</strong> Khan, A. A.), University <strong>of</strong> Dhaka,Bangladesh, TRITA-AMI Report, 3084, 21-40.Bhattacharya, P., Jacks, G., Ahmed, K. M., Khan, A. A. <strong>and</strong> Routh, J., (2002). <strong>Arsenic</strong> <strong>in</strong> groundwater <strong>of</strong> the Bengal Delta Pla<strong>in</strong> aquifers <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.,69,538-545.Bhattacharyya, R., Jana, J., Nath, B., Sahu, S. J., Chatterjee, D. <strong>and</strong> Jacks, G., (2005).<strong>Groundwater</strong> As mobilization <strong>in</strong> the Bengal Delta Pla<strong>in</strong>. The use <strong>of</strong> ferralite as a possibleremedial measure: a casestudy. Appl. Geochem., 18, 1435-1451.Bose, P., <strong>and</strong> Sharma, A., (2002). Role <strong>of</strong> iron <strong>in</strong> controll<strong>in</strong>g speciation <strong>and</strong> mobilization <strong>of</strong> arsenic<strong>in</strong> subsurface environment. Water Research, Vol. 36, 4916-4926.Brannon, J. M. <strong>and</strong> Patrick, W. H., (1987). Fixation, transformation, <strong>and</strong> mobilization <strong>of</strong> arsenic<strong>in</strong> sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol., 21, pp.450-459.Brook<strong>in</strong>s, D. G., (1998). In "Eh-pH" diagram for geochemistry. Spr<strong>in</strong>ger-Verlag, NY, 175p.CGWB, (1999), High <strong>in</strong>cidence <strong>of</strong> arsenic <strong>in</strong> groundwater <strong>in</strong> West Bengal. Central GroundWater Board, M<strong>in</strong>istry <strong>of</strong> Water Resources, Government <strong>of</strong> <strong>India</strong>.Chakraborti, D., Das, B., Nayak, B., Pal, A., Rahman, M. M., Sengupta, M. K., Hossa<strong>in</strong>, M. A.,Ahamed, S., Biswas, K. C., Sahu, M., Saha, K. C., Mukherjee, S. C., Pati, S., Dutta,R. N., Quamruzzaman, Q. <strong>Groundwater</strong> arsenic contam<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>and</strong> its adverse healtheffects <strong>in</strong> the Ganga-Meghna-Brahmaputra pla<strong>in</strong>. <strong>Arsenic</strong> Calamity <strong>of</strong> <strong>Groundwater</strong> <strong>in</strong>Bangladesh: Contam<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>in</strong> water, soil <strong>and</strong> plants. Editor: Pr<strong>of</strong>. K<strong>in</strong>gsuk Roy. NihonUniversity, Japan 2008a, pp 1352.Chakraborti, D., Das, B., Rahaman, M. M., Chowdhury, U. K., Biswas, B., Goswami, A. B.,Nayak, B., Pal, A., Sengupta, M. K., Ahamed, S., Hossa<strong>in</strong>, A., Basu, G., Chowdhury, T.R., Das, D., Status <strong>of</strong> groundwater arsenic contam<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>in</strong> the state <strong>of</strong> West-Bengal,<strong>India</strong>: A 20 year study report. Molecular Nutrition <strong>and</strong> Food Research, 2008b .Chakraborti, D., S<strong>in</strong>gh, E. J., Das, B., Shah, B. A., Hossa<strong>in</strong>, M. A., Nayak, B.Ahamed, S., S<strong>in</strong>gh,N. R., <strong>Groundwater</strong> arsenic contam<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>in</strong> Manipur, one <strong>of</strong> the seven North EasternHill state <strong>in</strong> <strong>India</strong>: A future danger. Environmental Geology. 2008c.Vol.56; pp. 381 - 390.Chakraborti, D., B. Das, B. Nayak, A. Pal, M.M. Rahman, M. K. Sengupta, Md. A. Hossa<strong>in</strong>, S.Ahamed, M. Sahu, K.C.Saha, S. C. Mukherjee, S. Pati, R.N. Dutta, Q. Quamruzzaman.<strong>Groundwater</strong> <strong>Arsenic</strong> Contam<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>in</strong> Ganga-Meghna-Brahmaputra Pla<strong>in</strong>, its HealthEffects <strong>and</strong> an Approach for <strong>Mitigation</strong>. International Conference on Water Scarcity,Global Changes, <strong>and</strong> <strong>Groundwater</strong> Management Responses. 1-5 December 2008d.UNESCO UCI. California, USA (<strong>in</strong> press).Chakraborti, D., Biswas, B. K., Chowdhury, T. R., Basu, G. K., M<strong>and</strong>al, B. K., Chowdhury,U.K., Mukherjee, S. C., Gupta, J. P., Chowdhury, S. R., Rathore, K. C. <strong>Arsenic</strong> groundNIH & CGWB 169
Referenceswater contam<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>and</strong> suffer<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>of</strong> people <strong>in</strong> Rajn<strong>and</strong>gaon district, Madhya Pradesh,<strong>India</strong>. 1999. Current Science, 77(4), pp.502-504.Chakraborti, D. et al., 2003, <strong>Arsenic</strong> groundwater contam<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>in</strong> Middle Ganga Pla<strong>in</strong>, Bihar,<strong>India</strong>: a future danger? Environ. Health Perspect., 111, pp.1194-1201.Chakraborti, D. et al., 2004, <strong>Groundwater</strong> arsenic contam<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>and</strong> its health effects <strong>in</strong> theGanga-Meghna-Brahmaputra pla<strong>in</strong>. J. Environ. Monit., 6, 74N-83N.Chakraborty et al., 1982. Analyt. Chem.,H-17, pp.31-42.Chakraborty <strong>and</strong> Saha,1987. Med.Res.,85, pp.326-324.Chakraborty et al., 1994. Rep. Hydro. Studies <strong>in</strong> As affected areas <strong>of</strong> West Bengal,. Tech.Report, Sr D, 114.Chappell, W.R., Abernathy, C.O. <strong>and</strong> Calderon, R.L. (eds.), (1999). ARSENIC exposure <strong>and</strong>health effects. Elsevier.Chappell, W.R., Abernathy, C.O. <strong>and</strong> Calderon, R.L. (eds.) (2001). ARSENIC exposure <strong>and</strong>health effects IV. Elsevier.Chappell, W.R., Abernathy, C.O., Calderon, R.L. (eds.) <strong>and</strong> Thomas, D.J. (eds.) (2003).ARSENIC exposure <strong>and</strong> health effects. Elsevier.Chappell, W.R., Abernathy, C.O. <strong>and</strong> Cothern, C.R. (eds.) (1994). ARSENIC Exposure & Health.Science & Technology Letters.Chatterjee et al., (1995). Analyst, 120, pp.643-650.Chatterjee et al., (2005). Environ. Geol., 49, pp.188-206.Chen et al., (1997). Quaternary Res., 47, pp.181-191.Chowdhury et al., (1997). Nature, 401, pp.545-546.Chatterjee, A. <strong>and</strong> Banerjee, R. N., (1999). Determ<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> lead <strong>and</strong> other metals <strong>in</strong> aresidential area <strong>of</strong> greater Calcutta. Sci. Total Environ., 227, pp.175-185.Crecelius, E. A. <strong>and</strong> Bothner, R., (1975). Geochemistries <strong>of</strong> arsenic, <strong>and</strong> antimony <strong>and</strong> relatedelements <strong>in</strong> sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol., 9, pp.325-333.Cullen, W. R. (2008). Is <strong>Arsenic</strong> an Aphrodisiac? The Sociochemistry <strong>of</strong> an Element. RCSPublish<strong>in</strong>g.Das et al., (1996). Environ. Geochem. Health, 18/1, pp.5-15.Davis, A.D., Webb, C.J., <strong>and</strong> Durk<strong>in</strong>, T.V., (1999). A watershed approach to evaluat<strong>in</strong>g impacts<strong>of</strong> ab<strong>and</strong>oned m<strong>in</strong>es <strong>in</strong> the Bear Butte Creek bas<strong>in</strong> <strong>of</strong> the Black Hills: M<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g,v. 51, no. 9, pp. 49-56.Dhar et al., (1997). Curr. Sci., 73, pp48-59.Dutta <strong>and</strong> Subramanium, (1997). Environ. Geol., 30, pp.181-185.Das, D., Chatterjee, A., M<strong>and</strong>al, B. K., Samanta, G., Chakraborti, D. <strong>and</strong> Ch<strong>and</strong>a, B., (1995).<strong>Arsenic</strong> <strong>in</strong> groundwater <strong>in</strong> six districts <strong>of</strong> West Bengal, <strong>India</strong>: the biggest arsenic calamity<strong>in</strong> the world. Part II: <strong>Arsenic</strong> concentration <strong>in</strong> dr<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g water, hair, nail, ur<strong>in</strong>e, sk<strong>in</strong>scale <strong>and</strong>liver tissues170NIH & CGWB