Mitigation and Remedy of Groundwater Arsenic Menace in India

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Mitigation and Remedy of Groundwater Arsenic Menace in India : A Vision DocumentThe children in the arsenic contaminated areas are often more affected than the adults.Children's body try very hard to expel the poison from their systems, but in trying to do so; theirinternal organs become badly damaged. That in turn retards their further growth, both physicaland mental. The sufferings of children in arsenic affected areas in GMB plain had also beenreported in many literatures. Figure 2.16 shows a group of children and 60% of thesechildren had arsenical skin lesions.Figure 2.16 : Showing susceptible children affected by arsenical skin lesions.2.5 Arsenic in Food ChainIn most of the developing countries including India, as such, there is no regulationimposing restriction in withdrawal of groundwater. As a result, groundwater is exploitedexcessively, leading to a substantial wastage of water especially that which is used for agriculture.For the summer crops, we depend totally on groundwater. In the arsenic-affected areas thewater used from tube wells for irrigation is often arsenic contaminated. Many researchers reportedthat food is the second largest contributor to arsenic intake by people after direct ingestionof arsenic contaminated water. In food, rice is the maximum sensitive to arsenic followed byvegetables. When arsenic contaminated groundwater is used for crops irrigation, a part of thisarsenic becomes incorporated into the food chain.NIH & CGWB 29
Arsenic Menace in India- An AppraisalMany investigators consider water-soil-crop-food transfer, cooking water, and directingestion of arsenic contaminated water as the major exposure pathways of arsenic. Over 75%of this arsenic present in the crops is inorganic in nature (Figure 2.17). Arsenic gathersfirst of all in the roots, then in the stem and after that in the crop proper.Figure 2.17: Effect of Arsenic in food chain.The effects of this occurrence are far-reaching. First, as the people take in contaminated wateralong with contaminated food, the chances of damage become greater. Secondly, the foodcrops are sold off to other places, including uncontaminated regions where the inhabitants mayconsume arsenic from the contaminated food. Thirdly, the domestic animals, like cattle etc. inarsenic-affected areas regularly take in arsenic along with their drinking water and food, likestraw. If human beings consume the meat from such infected animals, they may consumearsenic as well. A full-grown cow eats 10-12 kg straw and drinks 30-40 litres of water per day.From this example, it is possible to calculate how much arsenic cattle consume every day.Almost all of Southeast Asia uses rice as its staple food. Due to irrigation with contaminatedwater, rice grains could have excessive amounts of arsenic. According to a leading scientist, thiscontamination of rice with arsenic may give rise to a new danger in the South -East Asia.30NIH & CGWB
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5.2.2 Co-precipitationMitigation an
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5.8 SummaryMitigation and Remedy of
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Mitigation and Remedy of Groundwater Arsenic Menace in India

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